{"id":993,"date":"2021-03-12T19:11:08","date_gmt":"2021-03-12T19:11:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=993"},"modified":"2021-03-12T19:26:27","modified_gmt":"2021-03-12T19:26:27","slug":"bazovye-struktury-dannyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/bazovye-struktury-dannyh\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b 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\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 <strong>\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/strong>. \u041d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f 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alt=\"\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\" class=\"wp-image-995\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-1.png 520w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-1-300x59.png 300w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-1-150x29.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-1.png\",\"width\":\"520\",\"height\":\"102\"}<\/script><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u043c\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u043e\u0434 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\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 \u2014 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 &#8212; \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c \u2014 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u2014 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440. \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u044b, \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0442. \u043f., \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u00ab\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u043c\u00bb. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435-\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u044b \u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"543\" height=\"375\" src=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Screenshot_1-5.png\" alt=\"\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\" class=\"wp-image-1004\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Screenshot_1-5.png 543w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Screenshot_1-5-300x207.png 300w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Screenshot_1-5-150x104.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 543px) 100vw, 543px\" \/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/Screenshot_1-5.png\",\"width\":\"543\",\"height\":\"375\"}<\/script><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c\u044f\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438 <strong>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b<\/strong>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445, \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0443\u044e\u0442 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/struktury-i-tipy-dannyh\/\">\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/a>. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 <strong>\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/strong> <strong>\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 (\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435) \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044f;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2014 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u044b (\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u0435\u0432).<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043e \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445&nbsp; \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d \u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430 (\u043f\u043e \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438). \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u2014 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441, \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b, \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"574\" src=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/slide-1.jpg\" alt=\"\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\" class=\"wp-image-1003\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/slide-1.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/slide-1-300x168.jpg 300w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/slide-1-150x84.jpg 150w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/slide-1-768x431.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/slide-1.jpg\",\"width\":\"1024\",\"height\":\"574\"}<\/script><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041c\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 <strong>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432<\/strong> \u2014 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 <strong>\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0422\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 <strong>\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b<\/strong>. \u0418\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c: \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438, \u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e, \u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0437\u043d\u044c, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u2013 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432? \u0414\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u2014 <strong>\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a<\/strong>. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u2014 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u2014 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-1.png\" alt=\"\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\" class=\"wp-image-996\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-1.png 520w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-1-300x46.png 300w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-1-150x23.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/2-1.png\",\"width\":\"520\",\"height\":\"80\"}<\/script><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0443\u044e, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e <strong>\u0434\u0432\u0443\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435<\/strong>:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"80\" src=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-3.png\" alt=\"\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\" class=\"wp-image-999\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-3.png 520w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-3-300x46.png 300w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-3-150x23.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/3-3.png\",\"width\":\"520\",\"height\":\"80\"}<\/script><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434, \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u044b \u043e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a: <strong>\u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 <strong>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a<\/strong>, \u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f 2 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f: \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"102\" src=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-2.png\" alt=\"\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\" class=\"wp-image-1000\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-2.png 520w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-2-300x59.png 300w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-2-150x29.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/1-2.png\",\"width\":\"520\",\"height\":\"102\"}<\/script><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0435\u043a<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"181\" height=\"414\" src=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4.1-1.png\" alt=\"\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\" class=\"wp-image-1001\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4.1-1.png 181w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4.1-1-131x300.png 131w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4.1-1-66x150.png 66w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 181px) 100vw, 181px\" \/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4.1-1.png\",\"width\":\"181\",\"height\":\"414\"}<\/script><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0425\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u2014 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u2014 \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0443 &nbsp;<strong>LIFO <\/strong>(last in \u2014 first out). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0439. \u0412\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u043f\u0438\u0447, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0435. &nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><strong>\u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c<\/strong><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0443 <strong>FIFO <\/strong>(First In, First Out). \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"520\" height=\"102\" src=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-1.png\" alt=\"\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\" class=\"wp-image-1002\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-1.png 520w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-1-300x59.png 300w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-1-150x29.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 520px) 100vw, 520px\" \/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/03\/4-1.png\",\"width\":\"520\",\"height\":\"102\"}<\/script><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u2014 https:\/\/kvodo.ru\/osnovnye-struktury-dannyh.html.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u2014 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c. \u041c\u044b \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e 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\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442, \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 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