{"id":9907,"date":"2026-09-23T03:47:26","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T03:47:26","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=9907"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:37:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:37:09","slug":"php-opisanie-osobennosti-oblasti-primeneniya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/php-opisanie-osobennosti-oblasti-primeneniya\/","title":{"rendered":"\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a PHP: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>PHP<\/strong> (\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0431\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: HTML-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443, JSON \u0434\u043b\u044f API \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043c\u0443\u0441 \u041b\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0444: \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0432 1994 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b \u0432 1995-\u043c. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044c\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0435 PHP Foundation. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a PHP \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 8.x \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445, \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041a\u0430\u043a PHP \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 PHP: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u042d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430: Composer, \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, CMS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 PHP \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442, \u0430 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u041f\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0421 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u00abPHP\u00bb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a PHP<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 (\u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438);<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434; \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0435 Zend Engine;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 (SAPI)<\/strong> &#8212; \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b: CLI \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435, PHP-FPM \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c nginx \u0438\u043b\u0438 Apache, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c Apache (mod_php).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041a\u0430\u043a PHP \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 PHP-\u043a\u043e\u0434 &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b. \u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/index.php<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, nginx) \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442, \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0432 PHP-FPM.<\/li>\n<li>PHP \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0434\u044b (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442-\u043a\u043e\u0434) \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 OPcache \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 API \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 HTML \u0438\u043b\u0438 JSON.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 &#8212; <strong>shared nothing<\/strong>: \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0443 (\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438), \u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430: \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435, Redis.<\/p>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430. \u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (RoadRunner, Swoole, FrankenPHP \u0432 worker-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435), \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0422\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e \u00ab\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0423\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00abPHP \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u00bb \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e: \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435. \u0421 PHP 8.0 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0435 JIT-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434. \u041e\u043d \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/h2>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d PHP 8.x.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;?php<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">declare<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">strict_types<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">greet<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, '<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">htmlspecialchars<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ENT_QUOTES<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'UTF-8'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'!'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$raw<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$_GET<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'name'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">??<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">null<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$name<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">is_string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$raw<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;&amp;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$raw<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!==<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">''<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">?<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$raw<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u043c\u0438\u0440'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">echo<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greet<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">PHP_EOL<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">index.php<\/code> \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">php<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-S<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>localhost:8000<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">http:\/\/localhost:8000\/<\/code> &#8212; \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u043c\u0438\u0440!\u00bb;<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">http:\/\/localhost:8000\/?name=Otus<\/code> &#8212; \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, Otus!\u00bb;<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">?name=&lt;b&gt;x&lt;\/b&gt;<\/code> &#8212; \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0436\u0438\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0440\u0438\u0444\u0442\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">htmlspecialchars<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&gt;<\/code> \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp;lt;<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp;gt;<\/code>, \u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0418\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">php index.php<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u043c\u0438\u0440!\u00bb: \u0432 CLI \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$_GET<\/code> \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">php -S<\/code> &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f production.<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">declare(strict_types=1)<\/code> \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430;<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">string $name<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">: string<\/code> &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430;<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">is_string<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">?name[]=1<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$_GET['name']<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u042d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 HTML. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438, CSRF-\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 SQL-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e: \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">htmlspecialchars<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c<\/h2>\n<p>PHP &#8212; \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439: \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u041d\u043e \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 7.0 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0441 7.4 &#8212; \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;?php<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">add<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$a<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var_dump<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">add<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"5\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int(8)<\/code>. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e (coercive) \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"5\"<\/code> \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0443. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"abc\"<\/code>, \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">TypeError<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">declare(strict_types=1);<\/code>. \u0422\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">Fatal error: Uncaught TypeError: add(): Argument #1 ($a) must be of type int, string given, called in ... on line ...\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b, \u0430 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">PHP Fatal error:<\/code>. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043d\u0435 (\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430, JSON) \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">filter_var($value, FILTER_VALIDATE_INT)<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 PHP: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n<th>\u0413\u043e\u0434<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0430<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>PHP 5.0<\/td>\n<td>2004<\/td>\n<td>Zend Engine 2, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PHP 7.0<\/td>\n<td>2015<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043a, \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a 5.6, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">??<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PHP 7.4<\/td>\n<td>2019<\/td>\n<td>\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">fn<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PHP 8.0<\/td>\n<td>2020<\/td>\n<td>JIT, union-\u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b, \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">match<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PHP 8.1<\/td>\n<td>2021<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">enum<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">readonly<\/code>-\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u0431\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PHP 8.2<\/td>\n<td>2022<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">readonly<\/code>-\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PHP 8.3<\/td>\n<td>2023<\/td>\n<td>\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PHP 8.4<\/td>\n<td>2024<\/td>\n<td>property hooks, \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PHP 8.5<\/td>\n<td>2025<\/td>\n<td>pipe-\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 PHP 6 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 5.x \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 7.0. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u043e php.net \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2026 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f 8.4 \u0438 8.5, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443 8.4 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 31 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u044f 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430; 8.2 \u0438 8.3 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 (8.2 &#8212; \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430). \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 &#8212; 8.5, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 7.x \u0438 8.0-8.1 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 PHP 8.1+:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;?php<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">declare<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">strict_types<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">enum<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Status<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">case<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Draft<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'draft'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">case<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Published<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'published'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Post<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2; font-weight: bold\">__construct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">readonly<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">readonly<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Status<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$status<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Status<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Draft<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$post<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Post<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 PHP'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">echo<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">match<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$post<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">status<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Status<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Draft<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a: {<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$post<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Status<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Published<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041e\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e: {<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$post<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">},<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">PHP_EOL<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: \u00ab\u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a: \u041e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 PHP\u00bb. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$post-&gt;title<\/code> \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Error: Cannot modify readonly property Post::$title<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u042d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430: Composer, \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, CMS<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Composer<\/strong> &#8212; \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f Packagist; \u043e\u043d \u0436\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<li><strong>PSR<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b PHP-FIG (\u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, HTTP-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b), \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u0438\u043c \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438<\/strong>: Laravel \u0438 Symfony, \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435 Yii \u0438 Slim.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CMS \u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b<\/strong>: WordPress, Drupal, Joomla, 1\u0421-\u0411\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0441, Magento.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/strong>: PHPUnit \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, PHPStan \u0438 Psalm \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 PHP \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442, \u0430 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0438 PHP<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u043d\u0430 CMS, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0448\u0430<\/td>\n<td>WordPress, \u0411\u0438\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0441, Magento<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0411\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434 \u0438 REST API<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>Laravel, Symfony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0424\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438, cron<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>CLI-\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u044b, Symfony Messenger, Laravel Queue<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Realtime (\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044b, WebSocket)<\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n<td>Swoole, RoadRunner \u0438\u043b\u0438 Node.js\/Go<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>Python<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>Kotlin, Swift, C#<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 PHP \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b MediaWiki (\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043a \u0412\u0438\u043a\u0438\u043f\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0438) \u0438 WordPress. \u041a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b: Facebook \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b HHVM \u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a Hack, \u0430 \u0432\u043e \u00ab\u0412\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u00bb &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 KPHP, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 PHP-\u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432 C++.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u041f\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u044b<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041f\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b<\/th>\n<th>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u044b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u043f\u043e\u0445\u0438 PHP 5<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 CMS \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0437\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438 Composer<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">strict_types<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>shared-nothing \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0421 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 PHP 8.4 \u0438\u043b\u0438 8.5 \u0438 Composer, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">php -v<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">php -S<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441, \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b, \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u041e\u041e\u041f \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 PDO \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442: \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 API \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043d\u0430 Laravel \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e Symfony \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 PHPUnit, \u0432\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 Git-\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">php: command not found<\/code> &#8212; PHP \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432 PATH;<\/li>\n<li>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 &#8212; \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.php<\/code> \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440;<\/li>\n<li>\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 &#8212; \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">display_errors=On<\/code> \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433;<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Class not found<\/code> \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 Composer &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">composer install<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">vendor\/autoload.php<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>PHP &#8212; \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0448\u0430 &#8212; \u0432\u0435\u0431: \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b, CMS, API.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f OPcache, \u0441 8.0 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c JIT; \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb &#8212; \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">declare(strict_types=1)<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2026 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 PHP 8.5 (\u0443 8.4 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0435 2026), Composer \u0438 Laravel \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e Symfony.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u043b\u044f ML, \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 PHP \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>PHP-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434: API, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 CMS. \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043e production-\u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a &#8212; \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044f\u043c\u0438 &#8212; \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/razrabotchik-php\/?int_article=php-opisanie-osobennosti-oblasti-primeneniya&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00abPHP Developer. Professional\u00bb<\/a>. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=php-opisanie-osobennosti-oblasti-primeneniya&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>PHP &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0411\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434: \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 HTML \u0438\u043b\u0438 JSON.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 PHP \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">php script.php<\/code>, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b, cron-\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u043b\u0438 PHP-\u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 &#8212; \u0434\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044f \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>PHP (\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0431\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: HTML-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443, JSON \u0434\u043b\u044f API \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043c\u0443\u0441 \u041b\u0435\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0444: \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b \u0432 1994 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b \u0432 1995-\u043c. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u044c\u044e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9908,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[45],"class_list":["post-9907","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-php"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 PHP \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 7 \u0438 8.x, \u044d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 Composer, Laravel, Symfony \u0438 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432 2026.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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