{"id":965,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=965"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:32:14","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:32:14","slug":"php-8-chto-novogo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/php-8-chto-novogo\/","title":{"rendered":"PHP 8: \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 PHP 7, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435"},"content":{"rendered":"

PHP 8<\/strong> — \u043c\u0430\u0436\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 8.0 (\u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2020). \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 PHP 7 — \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 (\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, match<\/code>, \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 ?-><\/code>, union types, \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435), JIT-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f TypeError<\/code> \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 PHP 7 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. PHP 7.4 \u0438 PHP 8: \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0441 PHP 7.4 \u043d\u0430 PHP 8<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. JIT \u0432 PHP 8: \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0441 PHP 7.4 \u043d\u0430 PHP 8: \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 PHP 8.0<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438. PHP 8.0<\/strong> — \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441 7.x. PHP 8.1-8.5<\/strong> — \u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 8.0. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0441 PHP 7<\/strong> \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0441 7.4 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439 8.x: \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 7.x \u0438 8.0-8.1 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n

    \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044b 24.09.2026 \u0432 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 docker-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0445: php:7.4-cli-alpine<\/code>, php:8.0-cli-alpine<\/code> \u0438 php:8.4-cli<\/code> (PHP 8.4.25).<\/p>\n

    PHP 7.4 \u0438 PHP 8: \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/th>\nPHP 7.4<\/th>\nPHP 8.0 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438: f(id: 7)<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0412\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/td>\nswitch<\/code>, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 ==<\/code><\/td>\nmatch<\/code>, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 ===<\/code>, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0426\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c null<\/td>\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 if ($x !== null)<\/code><\/td>\n$a?->b?->c<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0422\u0438\u043f\u044b<\/td>\n\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0438\u043b\u0438 ?T<\/code><\/td>\nunion types int|float<\/code>, \u0442\u0438\u043f mixed<\/code>, static<\/code> \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/td>\nPHPDoc-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b #[Name(...)]<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n\u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c + \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/td>\n\u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    0 == 'abc'<\/code><\/td>\ntrue<\/code><\/td>\nfalse<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\nWarning \u0438 NULL<\/code><\/td>\nTypeError<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0414\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c \/<\/code><\/td>\nWarning \u0438 INF<\/code><\/td>\nDivisionByZeroError<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    JIT<\/td>\n\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0435 OPcache, \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u044b\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/h2>\n

    \u0421\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f 8.0 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b. \u0421\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 features.php<\/code> \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 php features.php<\/code>.<\/p>\n

    <?php<\/span>\ndeclare<\/span>(<\/span>strict_types<\/span>=<\/span>1<\/span>);<\/span>\n\n#[<\/span>Attribute<\/span>(<\/span>Attribute<\/span>::<\/span>TARGET_CLASS<\/span>)]<\/span>\nfinal<\/span> class<\/span> Table<\/span>\n{<\/span>\n    public<\/span> function<\/span> __construct<\/span>(<\/span>public<\/span> string<\/span> $name<\/span>)<\/span> {}<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\n#[<\/span>Table<\/span>(<\/span>name<\/span>:<\/span> 'orders'<\/span>)]<\/span>\nfinal<\/span> class<\/span> Order<\/span>\n{<\/span>\n    \/\/ PHP 8.0: \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/span>\n    public<\/span> function<\/span> __construct<\/span>(<\/span>\n        public<\/span> int<\/span> $id<\/span>,<\/span>\n        public<\/span> int<\/span>|<\/span>float<\/span> $total<\/span>,<\/span>          \/\/ union type<\/span>\n        public<\/span> ?<\/span>Customer<\/span> $customer<\/span> =<\/span> null<\/span>,<\/span>\n    )<\/span> {}<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\nfinal<\/span> class<\/span> Customer<\/span>\n{<\/span>\n    public<\/span> function<\/span> __construct<\/span>(<\/span>public<\/span> string<\/span> $email<\/span>)<\/span> {}<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\nfunction<\/span> status<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> $code<\/span>)<\/span>:<\/span> string<\/span>\n{<\/span>\n    \/\/ match: \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (===), \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span>\n    return<\/span> match<\/span> (<\/span>$code<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>\n        200<\/span>,<\/span> 201<\/span> =><\/span> 'ok'<\/span>,<\/span>\n        404<\/span>      =><\/span> 'not found'<\/span>,<\/span>\n        default<\/span>  =><\/span> throw<\/span> new<\/span> InvalidArgumentException<\/span>(<\/span>\"unknown code $code\"<\/span>),<\/span>\n    };<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\n$order<\/span> =<\/span> new<\/span> Order<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>:<\/span> 7<\/span>,<\/span> total<\/span>:<\/span> 1990.5<\/span>);<\/span>  \/\/ \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b<\/span>\n\nvar_dump<\/span>(<\/span>$order<\/span>-><\/span>customer<\/span>?-><\/span>email<\/span>);<\/span>        \/\/ nullsafe: null, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438<\/span>\necho<\/span> status<\/span>(<\/span>201<\/span>),<\/span> PHP_EOL<\/span>;<\/span>\necho<\/span> str_contains<\/span>(<\/span>'php-8-release'<\/span>,<\/span> '8'<\/span>)<\/span> ?<\/span> 'yes'<\/span> :<\/span> 'no'<\/span>,<\/span> PHP_EOL<\/span>;<\/span>\necho<\/span> $order<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>,<\/span> PHP_EOL<\/span>;<\/span>               \/\/ ::class \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435<\/span>\n\n$attr<\/span> =<\/span> (<\/span>new<\/span> ReflectionClass<\/span>(<\/span>Order<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>))<\/span>-><\/span>getAttributes<\/span>(<\/span>Table<\/span>::<\/span>class<\/span>)[<\/span>0<\/span>];<\/span>\necho<\/span> $attr<\/span>-><\/span>newInstance<\/span>()<\/span>-><\/span>name<\/span>,<\/span> PHP_EOL<\/span>;<\/span>\n\ntry<\/span> {<\/span>\n    status<\/span>(<\/span>500<\/span>);<\/span>\n}<\/span> catch<\/span> (<\/span>InvalidArgumentException<\/span>)<\/span> {<\/span>       \/\/ catch \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439<\/span>\n    echo<\/span> 'caught'<\/span>,<\/span> PHP_EOL<\/span>;<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u041d\u0430 PHP 8.0 \u0438 8.4 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439:<\/p>\n
    NULL\nok\nyes\nOrder\norders\ncaught\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u041d\u0430 PHP 7.4 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n
    Parse error: syntax error, unexpected 'public' (T_PUBLIC), expecting variable (T_VARIABLE) in \/app\/features.php on line 7\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
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    \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/h3>\n