{"id":9489,"date":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=9489"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:33:43","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:33:43","slug":"nosql-opisanie-i-osobennosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/nosql-opisanie-i-osobennosti\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 NoSQL: \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 SQL \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>NoSQL<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0430\u0440\u044b \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u044b. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00abNot only SQL\u00bb: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 SQL, \u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0442 CAP \u0438 BASE \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 NoSQL \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 NoSQL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">ACID, BASE \u0438 CAP \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u00ab\u0411\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b\u00bb &#8212; \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c NoSQL, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 SQL \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u041d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 NoSQL, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b 23.09.2026: Python 3.9 \u0438 3.12, PostgreSQL 18.6 \u0432 Docker.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u0421 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0420\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430 SQL<\/td>\n<td>\u00ab\u041b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NoSQL<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/td>\n<td>\u00ab\u0411\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 SQL \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u00bb &#8212; \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 NoSQL-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 SQL-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ACID<\/td>\n<td>\u0413\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u00ab\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 SQL\u00bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>BASE<\/td>\n<td>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043c\u044f\u0433\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u00ab\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c ACID \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 NoSQL\u00bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CAP<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e<\/td>\n<td>\u00ab\u0412\u044b\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 2 \u0438\u0437 3 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430\u00bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 1998 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c NoSQL \u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0446\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 SQL. \u041d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0432 2009 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443. \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u0447\u043e\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Google Bigtable (2006) \u0438 Amazon Dynamo (2007): \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0443\u044e (\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 NoSQL<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0438\u043f<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c<\/th>\n<th>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<td>Redis, Valkey, Amazon DynamoDB, etcd<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u0435\u0448, \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n<td>JSON-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e<\/td>\n<td>MongoDB, Couchbase, Firestore<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Wide-column (\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432)<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443, \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>Apache Cassandra, ScyllaDB, HBase<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439: \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438 JOIN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<td>Neo4j, JanusGraph, Amazon Neptune<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438: \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444, \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0434<\/td>\n<td>\u041c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443. <strong>Wide-column<\/strong> \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e <strong>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f<\/strong> \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430. Cassandra \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443. ClickHouse \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 SQL \u0438 \u043a NoSQL \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a NoSQL \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0438, \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 (DynamoDB &#8212; \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b). \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0437 &#8212; Cypher, Gremlin, SPARQL \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 ISO GQL (2024). GraphQL \u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043a API, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043a \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445<\/h2>\n<p>\u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0421\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 Python: \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c SQLite.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">json<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sqlite3<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 1. \u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kv<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kv<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"session:42\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">json<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">dumps<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">({<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"user_id\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">7<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"cart\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">102<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]})<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"KV:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">json<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">loads<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kv<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"session:42\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">])[<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"cart\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">])<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 2. \u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442: \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">orders<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"_id\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"customer\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n     <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"items\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[{<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"sku\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"title\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"qty\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}]},<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"_id\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"customer\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n     <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"items\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[{<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"sku\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"title\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"qty\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">},<\/span>\n               <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"sku\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">102<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"title\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0427\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043a\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"qty\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}]},<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">orders<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">][<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"items\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">][<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">][<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"title\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">])<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440 101 - \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">copies<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">sum<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">o<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">orders<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">o<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"items\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"sku\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">==<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430 101 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">copies<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 3. \u0420\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c: \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">db<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sqlite3<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">connect<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\":memory:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">executescript<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">CREATE TABLE product (sku INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, title TEXT NOT NULL);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">CREATE TABLE order_item (order_id INTEGER, sku INTEGER REFERENCES product,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">                         qty INTEGER NOT NULL CHECK (qty &gt; 0));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">INSERT INTO product VALUES (101, '\u041a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0430'), (102, '\u0427\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043a');<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">INSERT INTO order_item VALUES (1, 101, 2), (2, 101, 1), (2, 102, 1);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">UPDATE product SET title = '\u041a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0430 300 \u043c\u043b' WHERE sku = 101;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">rows<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">execute<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">SELECT oi.order_id, p.title, oi.qty<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">FROM order_item oi JOIN product p ON p.sku = oi.sku<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">ORDER BY oi.order_id, p.sku\"\"\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">fetchall<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"SQL \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e UPDATE:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">rows<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">KV: [101, 102]\n\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442: \u0427\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043a\n\u041a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430 101 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445: 2\nSQL \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e UPDATE: [(1, &#x27;\u041a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0430 300 \u043c\u043b&#x27;, 2), (2, &#x27;\u041a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0430 300 \u043c\u043b&#x27;, 1), (2, &#x27;\u0427\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043a&#x27;, 1)]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440 101\u00bb \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/strong> \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0431\u0435\u0437 JOIN. \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0430 &#8212; \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0435, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 (\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/strong> \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e UPDATE \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0430 &#8212; JOIN \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 &#8212; \u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">ACID, BASE \u0438 CAP \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0438\u0444\u043e\u0432<\/h2>\n<p><strong>ACID<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0418\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e PostgreSQL \u0438\u043b\u0438 MySQL (InnoDB), \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c NoSQL-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c: \u0432 MongoDB \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 4.0, \u0432 Neo4j \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 ACID. \u0412\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u00ab\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442\u00bb, \u0430 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><strong>BASE<\/strong> \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441: \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435-\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e (eventual consistency). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0433 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CAP<\/strong> \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00ab\u0432\u044b\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 2 \u0438\u0437 3\u00bb, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430. \u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a: \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c (partition), \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c (\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 (\u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c). \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c PACELC.<\/p>\n<p>C \u0432 CAP (\u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044e\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c) \u0438 C \u0432 ACID (\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439) &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0410 \u0432 Cassandra \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0440\u043b\u044b\u043a \u00abCP\u00bb \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00abAP\u00bb \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u00ab\u0411\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b\u00bb &#8212; \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>NoSQL \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 schemaless, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0435\u0442: \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 (schema-on-read). \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0435 &#8212; \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 PostgreSQL 18 (\u0442\u0438\u043f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jsonb<\/code>):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">product<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sku<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">integer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">PRIMARY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">KEY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">NOT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">attrs<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">jsonb<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">NOT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">DEFAULT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'{}'<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">INSERT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">product<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">VALUES<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">101<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0430'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,  <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'{\"volume_ml\": 300, \"color\": \"white\"}'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">102<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0427\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043a'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,  <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'{\"volume_ml\": 1700, \"power_w\": 2200}'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">103<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0424\u0443\u0442\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0430'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'{\"size\": \"M\", \"color\": \"white\"}'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">INDEX<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">product_attrs_gin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ON<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">product<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">USING<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">gin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">attrs<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sku<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">product<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">attrs<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">@&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'{\"color\": \"white\"}'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ORDER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sku<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u041a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u043a\u0443 (101) \u0438 \u0424\u0443\u0442\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0443 (103): \u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f GIN-\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043c. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">INSERT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">product<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">VALUES<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">104<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'{\"volume_ml\": \"\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\"}'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">attrs<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'volume_ml'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ml<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">product<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">attrs<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">?<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'volume_ml'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ORDER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ml<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430, \u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">ERROR:  invalid input syntax for type integer: &quot;\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e&quot;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 104 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">DELETE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">product<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sku<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">104<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ALTER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">product<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ADD<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">CONSTRAINT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">volume_is_number<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">CHECK<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">NOT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">attrs<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">?<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'volume_ml'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">OR<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">jsonb_typeof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">attrs<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'volume_ml'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'number'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">INSERT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">product<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">VALUES<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">104<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'{\"volume_ml\": \"\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\"}'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">ERROR:  new row for relation &quot;product&quot; violates check constraint &quot;volume_is_number&quot;\nDETAIL:  Failing row contains (104, \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d, {&quot;volume_ml&quot;: &quot;\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e&quot;}).\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 MongoDB \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 &#8212; \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e JSON Schema. \u0413\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c NoSQL, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 SQL \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0433\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u0420\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 (PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQL Server)<\/td>\n<td>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 SQL-\u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u0435\u0448, \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (Redis, Valkey)<\/td>\n<td>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jsonb<\/code> \u0432 PostgreSQL<\/td>\n<td>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b &#8212; \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0441 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443<\/td>\n<td>Wide-column (Cassandra, ScyllaDB)<\/td>\n<td>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f\u043c &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f OLAP-\u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u00ab\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u044c\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0439\u00bb, \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443<\/td>\n<td>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430 1-2 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430 &#8212; SQL \u0441 JOIN \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c CTE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0441\u043d\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u0420\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>SQL \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b (\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, ad hoc). NoSQL \u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 (\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u00ab\u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443\u00bb), \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 &#8212; \u0433\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434: \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 Redis \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430: \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u041d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 NoSQL, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432.<\/strong> \u0412 Cassandra \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, JOIN \u0432 CQL \u043d\u0435\u0442; \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443.<\/strong> API \u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0435\u0437\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0438.<\/strong> \u041d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b &#8212; \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 open source: MongoDB \u043f\u043e\u0434 SSPL, Redis \u0432 2024 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043a Valkey.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>NoSQL &#8212; \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439: \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435, wide-column \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437 SQL\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>CAP \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430\u00bb; ACID \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 NoSQL-\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c.<\/li>\n<li>\u00ab\u0411\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u044b\u00bb \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435; \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439 &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f NoSQL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435: \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0432 MongoDB, Cassandra \u0438\u043b\u0438 Redis, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0448\u0430\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/nosql-bd\/?int_article=nosql-opisanie-i-osobennosti&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00abNoSQL\u00bb<\/a> \u0432 Otus.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=nosql-opisanie-i-osobennosti&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c SQL-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043a NoSQL-\u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c SQL: \u0443 Cassandra \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c CQL, \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 SQL \u0431\u0435\u0437 JOIN, \u0443 Couchbase &#8212; SQL++, \u0430 \u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f SQL-\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0436\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414.<\/p>\n<p><strong>NoSQL \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c SQL?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435. NoSQL-\u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 (\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443), \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 JOIN.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 (PostgreSQL \u0438\u043b\u0438 MySQL) \u0438 SQL: \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u044b. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c Redis \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f NoSQL.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>NoSQL &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0430\u0440\u044b \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u044b. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u00abNot only SQL\u00bb: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 SQL, \u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9490,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[259,38,251],"class_list":["post-9489","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-nosql","tag-sql","tag-bazy-dannyh-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 NoSQL \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435, wide-column \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b, CAP \u0438 BASE \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 Python \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c SQL.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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\\u043e\\u0433\\u043e\\u0432\\u043e\\u0440\\u043a\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438, \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438\\u043c\\u0435\\u0440 \\u043d\\u0430 Python \\u0438 \\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u0434\\u0430 \\u0432\\u044b\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0442\\u044c SQL.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/nosql-opisanie-i-osobennosti\\\/#breadcrumblist\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/author\\\/a-pavlenko\\\/#author\"},\"creator\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/author\\\/a-pavlenko\\\/#author\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2024\\\/03\\\/oj-1080x720-54.jpg\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/nosql-opisanie-i-osobennosti\\\/#mainImage\",\"width\":2245,\"height\":1587},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/nosql-opisanie-i-osobennosti\\\/#mainImage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-23T09:00:00+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-25T15:33:43+00:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/\",\"name\":\"OTUS 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