{"id":925,"date":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=925"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:35:30","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:35:30","slug":"tablichnaya-struktura-dannyh","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/tablichnaya-struktura-dannyh\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445: \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443 \u0438 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443 (\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b, \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430). \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438: \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 &#8212; \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 Python 3.14 \u0438 C (clang) 23.09.2026.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0414\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432: \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 = \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430, \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 = (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446)<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">t[2][1]<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443 (\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432, \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c)<\/td>\n<td>\u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 -&gt; \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d<\/td>\n<td>\u00ab\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b -&gt; \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u00bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0425\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443: \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dict<\/code> \u0432 Python, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HashMap<\/code> \u0432 Java<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0438\u043f<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043a, \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c<\/td>\n<td>\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0441-\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044f \u043a \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432, DOM-\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b. \u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0414\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432: \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 = \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412\u043e\u0437\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0441-\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432 (\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440, \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430). \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 3&#215;4. \u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <strong>row-major<\/strong> (\u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c) &#8212; \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0430 \u0432 C, C++ \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432 NumPy. \u0412 Fortran, MATLAB \u0438 R \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a &#8212; <strong>column-major<\/strong> (\u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430\u043c).<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f row-major \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0439: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 = (i * \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e_\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432 + j) * \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440_\u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 C:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;stdio.h&gt;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">t<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">][<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">];               <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/* 3 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, 4 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430 *\/<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">t<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">][<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">];<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">j<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_hand<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)((<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">j<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">sizeof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">real<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)((<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">t<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">][<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">j<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">] <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">printf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"sizeof(int) = %zu\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">sizeof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">printf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"offset t[2][1]: formula %ld, real %ld\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_hand<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">real<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 (macOS, arm64; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 64-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u043d 4 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">sizeof(int) = 4\noffset t[2][1]: formula 36, real 36\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u041e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430: \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043c &#8212; O(1), \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0430 &#8212; \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430: \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u044d\u0442\u043e O(n).<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u0445. \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 CSV \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430: \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0439 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0439), \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<h3>\u041b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 Python: \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h3>\n<p>\u0412 Python \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">grid<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span>      <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u041e\u0414\u0418\u041d \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">grid<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">][<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">grid<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">grid<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)]<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">grid<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">][<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">grid<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">[[1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0], [1, 0, 0]]\n[[1, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0], [0, 0, 0]]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u00ab\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443\u00bb \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445. \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 NumPy: \u0442\u0430\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0441 row-major \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 (\u00ab\u0428\u043a\u0430\u0444\u00bb), \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 (\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b 804117) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 -&gt; \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb. \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a<\/th>\n<th>\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0443\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440<\/td>\n<td>O(n)<\/td>\n<td>O(n) \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 + \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a<\/td>\n<td>O(log n)<\/td>\n<td>O(n) \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">TreeMap<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::map<\/code>)<\/td>\n<td>O(log n)<\/td>\n<td>O(log n)<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0425\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dict<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HashMap<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">unordered_map<\/code>)<\/td>\n<td>O(1) \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c, O(n) \u0432 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0435\u043c<\/td>\n<td>O(1) \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c: \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443 &#8212; \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430; \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b (\u00ab\u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044b \u043e\u0442 100 \u0434\u043e 200\u00bb) \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0443 &#8212; \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432. \u0412 Python <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dict<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 (\u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 3.7), \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stock<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0421\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043d\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0428\u043a\u0430\u0444\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stock<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0428\u043a\u0430\u0444\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stock<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stock<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0427\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0438\u043a\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">{&#x27;\u0421\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043d&#x27;: 2, &#x27;\u0428\u043a\u0430\u0444&#x27;: 2, &#x27;\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0432\u0430&#x27;: 5}\n0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u0425\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u00ab\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u00bb (buckets). \u0425\u0435\u0448-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u044d\u0442\u043e <strong>\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u044f<\/strong> &#8212; \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0430, \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u0437 4 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0445\u0435\u0448 &#8212; \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447 12: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">12 % 4 = 0<\/code> -&gt; \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430 0.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447 7: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">7 % 4 = 3<\/code> -&gt; \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430 3.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447 20: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">20 % 4 = 0<\/code> -&gt; \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430 0, \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0443\u0436\u0435 12 &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c (\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a).<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 20: \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0443 0 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 &#8212; \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">HashTable<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"\"\u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f).\"\"\"<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2; font-weight: bold\">__init__<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">size<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">hash_func<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">hash<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">):<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">buckets<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[[]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">size<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)]<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">hash_func<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">hash_func<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">comparisons<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span>          <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">_bucket<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">):<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">buckets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">hash_func<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">%<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">buckets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)]<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">put<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">):<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bucket<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_bucket<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">pair<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bucket<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n            <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">comparisons<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span>\n            <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">pair<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">==<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>        <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c - \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c<\/span>\n                <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">pair<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span>\n                <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bucket<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">append<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">([<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">])<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">buckets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0.75<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span>\n            <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_resize<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">):<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">k<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_bucket<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">):<\/span>\n            <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">comparisons<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span>\n            <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">k<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">==<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n                <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">raise<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">KeyError<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">_resize<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">):<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">old<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">pair<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bucket<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">buckets<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">pair<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bucket<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">buckets<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[[]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">buckets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)]<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">k<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">old<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n            <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_bucket<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">k<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">append<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">([<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">k<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">])<\/span>\n\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prices<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">HashTable<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">hash_func<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">lambda<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 - \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">code<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">price<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">12<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">7<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">500<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">20<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">300<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)]:<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prices<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">put<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">code<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prices<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">buckets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prices<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">20<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">good<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">HashTable<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">HashTable<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">hash_func<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">lambda<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">k<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>      <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0443<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">range<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1000<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">):<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">good<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">put<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">put<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0435 1000 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">good<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">comparisons<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">comparisons<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">[[[12, 1000], [20, 300]], [], [], [[7, 500]]]\n300\n\u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0435 1000 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439: 0 499500\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438: 12 \u0438 20 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0435 0, 7 &#8212; \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0435 3. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">_resize<\/code> \u0443\u0434\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 <strong>\u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong> (\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \/ \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 0,75 &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0423 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">hash<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0438\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445) \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435. \u0423 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0439, \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0443 0, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438: 0 + 1 + &#8230; + 999 = 499 500 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0438<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0426\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 (separate chaining)<\/td>\n<td>\u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0430\u0440<\/td>\n<td>Java <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HashMap<\/code>, \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::unordered_map<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (open addressing)<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>Python <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dict<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0412 Java 8+ <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HashMap<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 (\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433 8 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u043c\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043e\u0442 64) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u044b\u043c.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0438 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0430\u044f<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; O(1) <strong>\u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d.<\/li>\n<li>\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 &#8212; O(1) <strong>\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e<\/strong>: \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 O(n), \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439<\/strong> &#8212; O(n) \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e: \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0425\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043e\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0445\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043c (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430) \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 HashDoS. \u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c (\u0432 Python \u0445\u0435\u0448 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 3.3), \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0420\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434.<\/p>\n<h3>\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447<\/h3>\n<p>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0445\u0435\u0448 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0432 Python \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436, \u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cells<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cells<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0428\u043a\u0430\u0444\"<\/span>          <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c - \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cells<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)])<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cells<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0428\u043a\u0430\u0444\"<\/span>          <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c - \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0428\u043a\u0430\u0444\nTraceback (most recent call last):\n  File &quot;&lt;stdin&gt;&quot;, line 4, in &lt;module&gt;\nTypeError: cannot use &#x27;list&#x27; as a dict key (unhashable type: &#x27;list&#x27;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f Python 3.14; \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">TypeError: unhashable type: 'list'<\/code>. \u0412 Java \u0438 C# \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0443: \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">equals<\/code>, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">hashCode<\/code> (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Equals<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GetHashCode<\/code>), \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 (Excel, LibreOffice Calc, Google \u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b) \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0435: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">B3<\/code> &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446 B, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 3. \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0435\u043a, \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442, &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u00ab\u0431\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439\u00bb \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 &#8212; \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441. \u0427\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e B-\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e (\u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a O(log n) \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b), \u0432 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u0435 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u044b (\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e). \u0422\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c; \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 -&gt; \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0432 C \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u043e\u0439, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f O(1), \u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 O(n).<\/li>\n<li>\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443 &#8212; \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f; \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 &#8212; \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b.<\/li>\n<li>\u0425\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 O(1) \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438 O(n) \u0432 \u0445\u0443\u0434\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435; \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">equals<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">hashCode<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0425\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414, \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b &#8212; \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0435 O(1) \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u00bb &#8212; \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445. \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/algorithm\/?int_article=tablichnaya-struktura-dannyh&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u0410\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/a>. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=tablichnaya-struktura-dannyh&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0425\u0435\u0448-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u044b \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 -&gt; \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u044c\u044e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439; \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, Java <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HashMap<\/code> \u0438 Python <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dict<\/code>. \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0430 &#8212; \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0435\u0448-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0412 C \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 (jagged array). \u0412 Python \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0443 (\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443\u043b, \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430). \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438: \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 &#8212; \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c 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