{"id":9104,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=9104"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:25:33","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:25:33","slug":"znakomstvo-s-assemblerom","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/znakomstvo-s-assemblerom\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0410\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430: \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov eax, 60<\/code> \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e. <strong>\u0410\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440<\/strong> \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430-\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 (NASM, GNU as, MASM), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434; \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430 x86: Intel \u0438 AT&amp;T<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b x86-64<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430: Hello \u043d\u0430 NASM \u043f\u043e\u0434 Linux<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0426\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434: \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442 1 \u0434\u043e 10<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f: call, ret \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0432 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s12\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 x86-64, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434 Linux. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b 24.09.2026 \u0432 Ubuntu 24.04 (x86-64) \u0441 NASM 2.16.01 \u0438 GNU ld 2.42 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 Ubuntu 24.04; \u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e NASM \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 3.x, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434<\/strong> &#8212; \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">B8 3C 00 00 00<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/strong> &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov eax, 60<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0410\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440 (\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440)<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.o<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a (linker)<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ld<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0414\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440<\/strong> &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c: \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b -&gt; \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">objdump -d<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0421\u043a\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435: \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov eax, 60<\/code> -&gt; NASM -&gt; \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">B8 3C 00 00 00<\/code> -&gt; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e 60 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">eax<\/code>. \u0411\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">objdump<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430: \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u00ab\u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u00bb \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 x86-64 (Intel, AMD) \u0438 AArch64 (ARM, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 Apple Silicon) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0430 \u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a x86-64 \u0438 Linux.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430 x86: Intel \u0438 AT&amp;T<\/h2>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438. NASM \u0438 MASM \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 Intel, GNU as \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e &#8212; AT&amp;T (Intel \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.intel_syntax noprefix<\/code>).<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c<\/th>\n<th>Intel (NASM)<\/th>\n<th>AT&amp;T (GNU as)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov rax, 1<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">movq $1, %rax<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rax<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">%rax<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">1<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$1<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">[rbx + 8]<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">8(%rbx)<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov a, b<\/code> \u0432 Intel \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 b \u0432 a, \u0432 AT&amp;T \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442. \u0414\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">objdump<\/code> \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 AT&amp;T, \u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">-M intel<\/code> &#8212; Intel. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 Intel.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b x86-64<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440<\/strong> &#8212; \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u0423 x86-64 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u044c 64-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438 \u043a \u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>64 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430<\/th>\n<th>32 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430<\/th>\n<th>16 \u0431\u0438\u0442<\/th>\n<th>8 \u0431\u0438\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rax<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">eax<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ax<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">al<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rdi<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rsi<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rdx<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">edi<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">esi<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">edx<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">di<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">si<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dx<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dil<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sil<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dl<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rcx<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ecx<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cx<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cl<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a; \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">syscall<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rbx<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rbp<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r12<\/code>&#8212;<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r15<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ebx<\/code>&#8230; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r12d<\/code>&#8230;<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">bx<\/code>&#8230;<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">bl<\/code>&#8230;<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rsp<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">esp<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sp<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">spl<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r8<\/code>&#8212;<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r11<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r8d<\/code>&#8212;<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r11d<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r8w<\/code>&#8212;<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r11w<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r8b<\/code>&#8212;<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r11b<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rip<\/code> &#8212; \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">call<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ret<\/code>, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov<\/code>) \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rflags<\/code> &#8212; \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b ZF (\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c), SF (\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a), CF (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435) \u0438 OF (\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435).<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e x86-64: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 32-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov eax, 1<\/code>) \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0435 32 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rax<\/code>, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 16- \u0438\u043b\u0438 8-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov al, 1<\/code>) \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 NASM \u0432\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov rax, 1<\/code> \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u044e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov eax, 1<\/code> &#8212; \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov rdi, 1<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">add<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sub<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438)<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">add eax, ecx<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">inc<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dec<\/code><\/td>\n<td>+1, -1<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">inc ecx<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">xor<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0418\u041b\u0418; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">xor edi, edi<\/code> &#8212; \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">xor edi, edi<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cmp<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cmp ecx, 10<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jmp<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0431\u0435\u0437\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jmp .loop<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">je<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jne<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jl<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jle<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jb<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jbe<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c: \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\/\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jle .loop<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">lea<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441-\u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442; \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">lea rax, [rdi + rsi]<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">push<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">pop<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a, \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">push rbx<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">call<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ret<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0435<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">call add2<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">syscall<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0443 \u041e\u0421<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">syscall<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cmp<\/code> + \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 &#8212; \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">if<\/code> \u0438 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jl<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jle<\/code> \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jb<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jbe<\/code> &#8212; \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430: Hello \u043d\u0430 NASM \u043f\u043e\u0434 Linux<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 C \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442: \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e\u043c Linux \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; hello.asm - \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 NASM, x86-64 Linux<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">global<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_start<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">section<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">.data<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">msg:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"Hello, Otus!\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 (10 = \\n)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">len:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">equ<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">$<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">msg<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">                 <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435: 13<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">section<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">.text<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_start:<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mov<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">rax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">          <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 write<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mov<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">rdi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">          <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; 1-\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442: \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440 stdout<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mov<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">rsi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">msg<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; 2-\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442: \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mov<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">rdx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; 3-\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442: \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">syscall<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">                 <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u0432 rax - \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mov<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">rax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">60<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">         <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 exit<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">xor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">edi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">edi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 0 (\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c rdi)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">syscall<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430: NASM \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ld<\/code> \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">sudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>install<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>nasm<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>binutils<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># Ubuntu\/Debian<\/span>\nnasm<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-f<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>elf64<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>hello.asm<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-o<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>hello.o\nld<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>hello.o<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-o<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>hello\n.\/hello\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">echo<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$?<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Hello, Otus!<\/code>, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">echo $?<\/code> \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0<\/code> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">exit<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">section .data<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">section .text<\/code> &#8212; \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e <strong>\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b<\/strong>: \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">db<\/code> (\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">equ<\/code> (\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430) \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">global<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$ - msg<\/code> &#8212; \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 NASM \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">_start<\/code> &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ld<\/code> \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">global<\/code> \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0432 Linux x86-64: \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rax<\/code>, \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b &#8212; \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rdi<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rsi<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rdx<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r10<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r8<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r9<\/code>, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rax<\/code>. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">syscall<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rcx<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r11<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0412\u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">objdump -d -M intel hello<\/code>):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">0000000000401000 &lt;_start&gt;:\n  401000:   b8 01 00 00 00          mov    eax,0x1\n  401005:   bf 01 00 00 00          mov    edi,0x1\n  40100a:   48 be 00 20 40 00 00    movabs rsi,0x402000\n  401011:   00 00 00 \n  401014:   ba 0d 00 00 00          mov    edx,0xd\n  401019:   0f 05                   syscall\n  40101b:   b8 3c 00 00 00          mov    eax,0x3c\n  401020:   31 ff                   xor    edi,edi\n  401022:   0f 05                   syscall\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f (\u043e\u0442 2 \u0434\u043e 10 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442) &#8212; \u0443 x86 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov rax, 1<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov eax, 0x1<\/code> \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e 32-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c. \u0410 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">len<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0xd<\/code> = 13.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432: \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int 0x80<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov eax, 1<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e 32-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 Linux, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 (exit = 1, write = 4) \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ebx<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ecx<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">edx<\/code>. \u0412 64-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">syscall<\/code> \u0438 64-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 (write = 1, exit = 60). \u0421\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int 0x80<\/code> \u0438\u0437 64-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a 32-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043e 32 \u0431\u0438\u0442 (\u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c), \u0430 \u0432 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 32-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0426\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434: \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442 1 \u0434\u043e 10<\/h2>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; sum.asm - \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b \u043e\u0442 1 \u0434\u043e 10, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">global<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_start<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">section<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">.text<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_start:<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">xor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">eax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">eax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; eax = 0, \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mov<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">ecx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">          <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; ecx = 1, \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">.loop:<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">add<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">eax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">ecx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 += \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">inc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">ecx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">             <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a += 1<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">cmp<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">ecx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">         <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0441 10 (\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">jle<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">.loop<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">           <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 ecx &lt;= 10, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mov<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">edi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">eax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 = \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mov<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">eax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">60<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">         <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; exit<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">syscall<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">nasm -f elf64 sum.asm -o sum.o &amp;&amp; ld sum.o -o sum &amp;&amp; .\/sum; echo $?<\/code> \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">55<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">eax = 1, ecx = 2<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">eax = 3, ecx = 3<\/code>, \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ecx = 11<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jle<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0434.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c &#8212; \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u044e\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443. \u0423 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430: \u041e\u0421 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0435 8 \u0431\u0438\u0442, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 255 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f: call, ret \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445<\/h2>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; add.asm - \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f add2(a, b) \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e System V AMD64 \u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">global<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_start<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">section<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">.text<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">add2:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">                           <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 rdi, b - \u0432 rsi<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">lea<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">rax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, [<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">rdi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">rsi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]  <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; rax = a + b, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 - \u0432 rax<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">ret<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">                     <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u043b call<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_start:<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mov<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">rdi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">40<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">         <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mov<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">rsi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">          <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">call<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">add2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 add2<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mov<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">rdi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">rax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 = \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 (42)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mov<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">     <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">rax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">60<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">         <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">; exit<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">syscall<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.\/add; echo $?<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">42<\/code>. \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e: \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <strong>System V AMD64 ABI<\/strong>, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0432 Linux \u0438 macOS (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rdi<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rsi<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rdx<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rcx<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r8<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r9<\/code>, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rax<\/code>). \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 C. \u0412 Windows x64 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rcx<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rdx<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r8<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r9<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">error: instruction not supported in 32-bit mode<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">-f elf32<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">-f elf64<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">error: parser: instruction expected<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u043d\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mvo<\/code> \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mov<\/code>)<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443, \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ld: warning: cannot find entry symbol _start<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">global _start<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">_start<\/code> \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">global<\/code>; \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, &#8212; \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Segmentation fault<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0434 139<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">exit<\/code>: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c 60<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 Mac \u0441 Apple Silicon \u0438\u043b\u0438 Raspberry Pi<\/td>\n<td>\u044d\u0442\u043e ARM, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434 x86-64 (\u043d\u0430 macOS \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 Linux: \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b)<\/td>\n<td>Linux \u043d\u0430 x86-64: \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440, \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 WSL2 \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u041a \u0441 Windows; \u043d\u0430 ARM &#8212; x86-64 Linux \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u044d\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 (Rosetta \u0432 Linux-\u0412\u041c \u043d\u0430 Mac, QEMU, docker \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">--platform linux\/amd64<\/code>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u0434 139 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e 128 + 11, \u0433\u0434\u0435 11 &#8212; \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 SIGSEGV. \u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430, \u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0432 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443<\/h2>\n<p>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e: \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b C, C++ \u0438 Rust \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441-\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u041e<\/strong> &#8212; \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/strong> &#8212; \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043b\u0438 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b);<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u041e\u0421, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439: \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c C, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438, \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 C \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">objdump -d -M intel<\/code> \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 &#8212; \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b; \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440 (NASM, GNU as) \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ld<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434 x86-64 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 ARM \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e (\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u044d\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439), \u0430 \u0443 x86 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430 &#8212; Intel \u0438 AT&amp;T &#8212; \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<li>\u0423 x86-64 16 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f; \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 32-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0432 8- \u0438 16-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 Linux &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">write<\/code> (1) \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">exit<\/code> (60) \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">syscall<\/code>; \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">exit<\/code> \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 Segmentation fault.<\/li>\n<li>\u0412\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cmp<\/code> \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#8212; \u0438\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">call<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ret<\/code> \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 (\u0432 Linux &#8212; System V AMD64).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442: \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0435 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/revers-engineering\/?int_article=znakomstvo-s-assemblerom&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00ab\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u00bb<\/a>. \u0411\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=znakomstvo-s-assemblerom&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s12\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0410\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 C?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438. \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434; \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b\u0448 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432 Windows?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041a\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b Linux, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 Windows \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 WSL2 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u00ab\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439\u00bb Windows-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b (\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 WinAPI) \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 Windows x64.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c NASM \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 MASM \u0438 GNU as?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: NASM \u0438 MASM \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 Intel (MASM &#8212; \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 Microsoft \u0434\u043b\u044f Windows), GNU as \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 binutils \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 AT&amp;T. \u0414\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b \u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430: \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 mov eax, 60 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e. \u0410\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430-\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 (NASM, GNU as, MASM), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434; \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":9105,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[444,65],"class_list":["post-9104","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-assembler","tag-programmirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0431\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b x86-64, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0438 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Pavlenko\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/znakomstvo-s-assemblerom\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/znakomstvo-s-assemblerom\\\/#article\",\"name\":\"\\u0410\\u0441\\u0441\\u0435\\u043c\\u0431\\u043b\\u0435\\u0440: \\u0440\\u0435\\u0433\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u044b, \\u043a\\u043e\\u043c\\u0430\\u043d\\u0434\\u044b \\u0438 \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0432\\u0430\\u044f \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043c\\u043c\\u0430 | Otus\",\"headline\":\"\\u0410\\u0441\\u0441\\u0435\\u043c\\u0431\\u043b\\u0435\\u0440: \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e \\u0437\\u0430 \\u044f\\u0437\\u044b\\u043a, \\u0440\\u0435\\u0433\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u044b, 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