{"id":8496,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=8496"},"modified":"2026-09-24T13:00:06","modified_gmt":"2026-09-24T13:00:06","slug":"ddos-opisanie-i-osobennosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/ddos-opisanie-i-osobennosti\/","title":{"rendered":"DoS \u0438 DDoS-\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>DoS-\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430<\/strong> (Denial of Service, \u00ab\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430: \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440, \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0443. <strong>DDoS-\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430<\/strong> (Distributed DoS) &#8212; \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0427\u0435\u043c DoS \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 DDoS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 nginx: \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 &#8212; \u00ab\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u00bb. \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b: \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u044b &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e adware, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 DoS; \u043a \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 MS-DOS \u0430\u0431\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 DoS \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 (\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432); \u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0435\u0432 \u041e\u0421 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435, \u0430 DoS \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u043c DoS \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 DDoS, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 nginx, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441<\/strong> &#8212; \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443, \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043a \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0411\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 (\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0440\u043e\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b, IoT), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0410\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (\u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435)<\/strong> &#8212; \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043b\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043a \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0443 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 DRDoS (reflected).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0433<\/strong> &#8212; \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u00ab\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435\u00bb \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0427\u0435\u043c DoS \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 DDoS<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a<\/th>\n<th>DoS<\/th>\n<th>DDoS<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u0443\u0437\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/td>\n<td>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e IP<\/td>\n<td>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u041c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430: \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430: \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0432 CDN, \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 DoS \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044c\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c: \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u00ab\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435\u00bb HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0410 DDoS \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439: \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 L7-\u0444\u043b\u0443\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043c<\/h2>\n<p>\u0423\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430: \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 (multi-vector) \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 (L3\/L4)<\/td>\n<td>UDP-\u0444\u043b\u0443\u0434, ICMP-\u0444\u043b\u0443\u0434<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438 pps<\/td>\n<td>\u0424\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0433, anycast-\u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0410\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 DNS, NTP, memcached, CLDAP<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0433; \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043b\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 (L4)<\/td>\n<td>SYN-\u0444\u043b\u0443\u0434, \u0444\u043b\u0443\u0434 ACK\/RST<\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n<td>SYN cookies, \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, stateless-\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 (L7)<\/td>\n<td>HTTP-\u0444\u043b\u0443\u0434, slowloris, \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b (\u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a, \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b)<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u044b, CPU, \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/td>\n<td>Rate limit, \u043a\u044d\u0448 \u0438 CDN, WAF, \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0443\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Ping-\u0444\u043b\u0443\u0434<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a ICMP echo-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u043d \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0433\u0430\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c ICMP; \u00ab\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u00bb \u0442\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>UDP-\u0444\u043b\u0443\u0434<\/strong> \u0431\u044c\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c: \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 ICMP \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d\u00bb \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434 DDoS. \u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0439\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 (\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e DoS \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c), \u043d\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443 \u0430\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439: \u0443 DNS &#8212; \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0443 memcached \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0445 2018 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 &#8212; \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0436\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u044b.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u0420\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443: \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0436\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u043a. \u0421\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430;<\/li>\n<li>\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b: \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d User-Agent, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430;<\/li>\n<li>\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 5xx \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432;<\/li>\n<li>\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SYN-RECV<\/code> \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ss -tan<\/code>), \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0443\u043b \u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432;<\/li>\n<li>\u043d\u0430 L3\/L4 &#8212; \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d: \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f L7-\u0444\u043b\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 Python \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 nginx \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 combined:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">re<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">collections<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0424\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 access.log \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 nginx \"combined\" (\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">LOG<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"\"\\<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">203.0.113.7 - - [24\/Sep\/2026:12:00:01 +0300] \"GET \/ HTTP\/1.1\" 200 612 \"-\" \"Mozilla\/5.0\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">198.51.100.23 - - [24\/Sep\/2026:12:00:01 +0300] \"GET \/search?q=a HTTP\/1.1\" 200 4100 \"-\" \"python-requests\/2.32\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">198.51.100.23 - - [24\/Sep\/2026:12:00:01 +0300] \"GET \/search?q=b HTTP\/1.1\" 200 4100 \"-\" \"python-requests\/2.32\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">198.51.100.23 - - [24\/Sep\/2026:12:00:02 +0300] \"GET \/search?q=c HTTP\/1.1\" 429 169 \"-\" \"python-requests\/2.32\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">192.0.2.44 - - [24\/Sep\/2026:12:00:02 +0300] \"GET \/search?q=d HTTP\/1.1\" 200 4100 \"-\" \"Mozilla\/5.0\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">198.51.100.23 - - [24\/Sep\/2026:12:00:02 +0300] \"GET \/search?q=e HTTP\/1.1\" 429 169 \"-\" \"python-requests\/2.32\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">203.0.113.7 - - [24\/Sep\/2026:12:00:03 +0300] \"GET \/about HTTP\/1.1\" 200 812 \"-\" \"Mozilla\/5.0\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">not a log line<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"\"<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">LINE<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">re<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">compile<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #98C379\">r'^(?P&lt;ip&gt;\\S+) \\S+ \\S+ \\[.+?\\] \"(?P&lt;method&gt;[A-Z]+) (?P&lt;path&gt;\\S+) [^\"]*\" (?P&lt;status&gt;\\d{3}) '<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_ip<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_path<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_status<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">raw<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">LOG<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">splitlines<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">():<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">m<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">LINE<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">match<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">raw<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">not<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">continue<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_ip<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"ip\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_path<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"path\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">split<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"?\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_status<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"status\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">total<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">sum<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_ip<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">values<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">f\"\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e: {<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">total<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e: {<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ip<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_ip<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">most_common<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">):<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">f\"{<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ip<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">:15} {<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">:3}  {<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">total<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">:.0%}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">dict<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_path<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">most_common<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)))<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u044b:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">dict<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">sorted<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_status<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())))<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 Python 3.14:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e: 7, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e: 1\n198.51.100.23     4  57%\n203.0.113.7       2  29%\n192.0.2.44        1  14%\n\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438: {&#x27;\/search&#x27;: 5, &#x27;\/&#x27;: 1, &#x27;\/about&#x27;: 1}\n\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u044b: {&#x27;200&#x27;: 5, &#x27;429&#x27;: 2}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443: \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c User-Agent \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 &#8212; \u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/search<\/code>, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 429. \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440, \u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0444\u043b\u0443\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438, User-Agent, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 IP. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430 CDN \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 &#8212; \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 IP \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 nginx: \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/h2>\n<p>Rate limit \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 (\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044c\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u043e nginx), \u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0435\u0442 L7-\u0444\u043b\u0443\u0434 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 nginx 1.31.6 (\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">nginx:alpine<\/code>):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">limit_req_zone<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$binary_remote_addr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">zone=perip:10m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">rate=5r\/s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">limit_conn_zone<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$binary_remote_addr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">zone=connperip:10m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">server<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">listen<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">80<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">client_body_timeout<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">10s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">client_header_timeout<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">10s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">location<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">limit_req<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">zone=perip<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">burst=10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">nodelay<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">limit_conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">connperip<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">20<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">limit_req_status<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">429<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">limit_conn_status<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">429<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">root<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\/usr\/share\/nginx\/html<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442: \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d IP \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043e 5 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443, \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043a \u0434\u043e 10 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">nodelay<\/code>), \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 429 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e 503. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 20 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043d\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">limit_conn<\/code> \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f: \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f slowloris, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442. \u041e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0443\u0442\u044b: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">client_header_timeout<\/code> \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 (\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 408), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">client_body_timeout<\/code> &#8212; \u043f\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430: 20 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443, \u0435\u0449\u0435 8 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>i<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">$(<\/span>seq<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">20<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">do<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>curl<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-s<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-o<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>\/dev\/null<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-w<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"%{http_code} \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>http:\/\/127.0.0.1\/<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">done<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">echo<\/span>\nsleep<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>i<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">$(<\/span>seq<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">8<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">do<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>curl<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-s<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-o<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>\/dev\/null<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-w<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"%{http_code} \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>http:\/\/127.0.0.1\/<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">done<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">echo<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 429 429 429 429 429 429 429 429 429 \n200 200 200 200 200 429 429 429 \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 11 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0438 (1 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435 + 10 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430), \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 429. \u0417\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u00ab\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0440\u043e\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 5 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0412 error.log nginx \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">limiting requests, excess: ... by zone \"perip\"<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/h3>\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">return<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">location<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">limit_req<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">zone=perip<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">burst=10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">nodelay<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">200<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"ok\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 &#8212; 20 \u0440\u0430\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">200<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">return<\/code> \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u0435 rewrite, \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">limit_req<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">root<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">proxy_pass<\/code> \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e), \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435, \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">nginx -t<\/code>: \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b: \u0437\u0430 CDN \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$binary_remote_addr<\/code> \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438, \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 &#8212; \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">realip<\/code> \u0441 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0410 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438 (5r\/s, burst) &#8212; \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435: \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c NAT \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u043c<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u0424\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0425\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442 DDoS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CDN \u0438 anycast<\/td>\n<td>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u044d\u0448, \u043f\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 CDN<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u041e\u0421<\/td>\n<td>SYN cookies, \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438 WAF<\/td>\n<td>Rate limit, \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0443\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u043c<\/td>\n<td>\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440, DevOps<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u044d\u0448 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446, \u043f\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c: \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 IP \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0435 DNS-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044b), \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u044c\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434 CDN. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0432; \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c (\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435); \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b; \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430; \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f DDoS-\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u044b 28 \u0423\u041a \u0420\u0424 \u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0432 \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 272, 273, \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b &#8212; 274.1); \u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430, \u0438 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435: \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0448 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>DoS &#8212; \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430; DDoS &#8212; \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041a MS-DOS \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u0410\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0443: \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b (\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0430\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f), \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (SYN-\u0444\u043b\u0443\u0434), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (HTTP-\u0444\u043b\u0443\u0434, slowloris).<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 &#8212; \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0432 CDN; rate limit \u0432 nginx \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 L7, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b.<\/li>\n<li>\u041b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">return<\/code> \u0432 nginx \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">limit_req<\/code>, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">nginx -t<\/code> \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438 &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0439 (\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 5xx \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432), \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0438\u043a \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c &#8212; \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, DevOps-\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0418\u0411: \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/information-security\/?utm_source=oj&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=ddos-opisanie-i-osobennosti&amp;utm_content=course\">\u00ab\u0418\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb<\/a>. \u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?utm_source=oj&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=ddos-opisanie-i-osobennosti&amp;utm_content=events\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 DDoS \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442: \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435, \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 CDN.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 rate limit \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 429, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 503?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e nginx \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 503, \u043d\u043e 429 Too Many Requests \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430: \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0436\u0438\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438 DDoS-\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u043c\u044b?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435\u0442, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 (\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u00ab\u0445\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c\u00bb). \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043b\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0435\u043c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>DoS-\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 (Denial of Service, \u00ab\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438\u00bb) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430: \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440, \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0433\u0443. DDoS-\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 (Distributed DoS) &#8212; \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0427\u0435\u043c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8497,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[285,232],"class_list":["post-8496","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-ib","tag-informacionnaya-bezopasnost"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"DoS-\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 - \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430. \u0427\u0435\u043c DoS \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 DDoS, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0430\u0442\u0430\u043a (L3\/L4, L7, \u0430\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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