{"id":8023,"date":"2026-09-17T05:19:41","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T05:19:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=8023"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:48:44","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:48:44","slug":"piton-i-graficheskij-interfejs","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/piton-i-graficheskij-interfejs\/","title":{"rendered":"GUI \u043d\u0430 Python: \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043d\u0430 tkinter \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>GUI (Graphical User Interface, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441)<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u044b\u0448\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b. \u041d\u0430 Python \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f: \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 &#8212; \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">tkinter<\/code>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">GUI \u0438 CLI: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f GUI \u043d\u0430 Python: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 tkinter: \u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u041c\u0422<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0447\u0435\u043c GUI \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u0432 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 tkinter &#8212; \u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430. \u0412\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 &#8212; \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">GUI \u0438 CLI: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><strong>CLI (Command Line Interface)<\/strong> &#8212; \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">git<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">pip<\/code>, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 Linux \u0438 \u00ab\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u00bb Windows. \u0412 Python \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 CLI \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0445 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">input()<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">print()<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">argparse<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>GUI<\/strong> &#8212; \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441: \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a) \u0438 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 GUI-\u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u00bb \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e: CLI \u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, GUI &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043a \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0443.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f GUI \u043d\u0430 Python: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n<p>\u0423 Python \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 GUI-\u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 &#8212; \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438: \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441 web-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>tkinter<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 Tcl\/Tk, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443<\/td>\n<td>\u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u0430, \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430 &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PyQt \/ PySide<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043a \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 Qt (C++)<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0431\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c Qt Designer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>wxPython<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c wxWidgets<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f \u0441 \u00ab\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u00bb \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u041e\u0421<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Kivy<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430 OpenGL<\/td>\n<td>\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (Android, iOS), \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Flet \/ Toga<\/td>\n<td>Flutter \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f, web \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 &#8212; \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">PyQt<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">PySide<\/code> \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435: \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 Python \u043a Qt \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e API, \u043d\u043e \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0438. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">PyQt<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 GPL \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">PySide<\/code> (\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 Qt) &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 LGPL, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 &#8212; \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 HTML \u0438 CSS, \u0430 Python \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Eel<\/code>). \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441 web-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b. \u041d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 GUI \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441 tkinter: \u043e\u043d \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 Python \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 tkinter: \u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u041c\u0422<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u043e\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 (\u0418\u041c\u0422). \u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441, \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044e. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 GUI: \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0428\u0430\u0433 1. \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430<\/h3>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435. \u0418\u041c\u0422 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u0412\u041e\u0417: \u0432\u0435\u0441 \u0432 \u043a\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">bmi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">weight_kg<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">height_cm<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">):<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">height_m<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">height_cm<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span>          <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">weight_kg<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">height_m<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">**<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u0412\u041e\u0417: \u0432\u0435\u0441 \/ \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">18.5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">category<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\"<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">elif<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">25<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">category<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\"<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">elif<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">30<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">category<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\"<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">else<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">category<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\"<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">round<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">category<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">w<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">h<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">70<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">180<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">95<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">175<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">52<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">165<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)]:<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">category<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bmi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">w<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">h<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">f\"{<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">w<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">} \u043a\u0433, {<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">h<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">} \u0441\u043c -&gt; \u0418\u041c\u0422 {<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">} ({<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">category<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">})\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">70 \u043a\u0433, 180 \u0441\u043c -&gt; \u0418\u041c\u0422 21.6 (\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430)\n95 \u043a\u0433, 175 \u0441\u043c -&gt; \u0418\u041c\u0422 31.0 (\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435)\n52 \u043a\u0433, 165 \u0441\u043c -&gt; \u0418\u041c\u0422 19.1 (\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430. \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0443.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0428\u0430\u0433 2. \u041e\u043a\u043d\u043e, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a<\/h3>\n<p>\u0412 tkinter \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439: \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Tk<\/code>), \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430. \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Label<\/strong> &#8212; \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c (\u00ab\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442, \u0441\u043c\u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><strong>Entry<\/strong> &#8212; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Button<\/strong> &#8212; \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0418\u041c\u0422\u00bb, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<li><strong>messagebox<\/strong> &#8212; \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u0412 tkinter \u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0438: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">pack<\/code> (\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">place<\/code> (\u043f\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c) \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">grid<\/code> (\u043f\u043e \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">grid<\/code> &#8212; \u043e\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c &#8212; \u0435\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tkinter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">as<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tk<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tkinter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">messagebox<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">calculate<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">():<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">height_cm<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">float<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">height_entry<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">weight_kg<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">float<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">weight_entry<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">except<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ValueError<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">messagebox<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">showerror<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">weight_kg<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">height_cm<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">**<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">18.5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">category<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\"<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">elif<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">25<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">category<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\"<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">elif<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">30<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">category<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0438\u0437\u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441\"<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">else<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">category<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\"<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">messagebox<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">showinfo<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">f\"\u0418\u041c\u0422: {<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">:.1f}\\n\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f: {<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">category<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">window<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tk<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Tk<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">window<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 (\u0418\u041c\u0422)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">window<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">geometry<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"320x180\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">frame<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tk<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Frame<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">window<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">padx<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">pady<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">frame<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">pack<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tk<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">frame<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442, \u0441\u043c\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">grid<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">column<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sticky<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"w\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">height_entry<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tk<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Entry<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">frame<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">height_entry<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">grid<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">column<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tk<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">frame<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0412\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0441, \u043a\u0433\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">grid<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">column<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sticky<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"w\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">weight_entry<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tk<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Entry<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">frame<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">weight_entry<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">grid<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">column<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tk<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Button<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">frame<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0418\u041c\u0422\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">command<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">calculate<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">grid<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">row<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">column<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">columnspan<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">pady<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">window<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">mainloop<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435: \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c 320&#215;180 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u043c \u00ab\u041a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 (\u0418\u041c\u0422)\u00bb. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442 175 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441 95 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0418\u041c\u0422\u00bb, \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u00ab\u0418\u041c\u0422: 31.0\u00bb \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u00ab\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb &#8212; \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0435 1. \u0412\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435-\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 (\u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b, \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435) \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0428\u0430\u0433 3. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a<\/h3>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 GUI. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import tkinter as tk<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c, \u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">messagebox<\/code> \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">tk.<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">window = tk.Tk()<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">title<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">geometry(\"320x180\")<\/code> &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Frame<\/code> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">padx<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">pady<\/code>; \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0423 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">grid(row=..., column=...)<\/code> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">columnspan=2<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sticky=\"w\"<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">command=calculate<\/code> \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439: \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043a, \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">window.mainloop()<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439. \u0411\u0435\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f &#8212; \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/h3>\n<p>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/strong> &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">window.mainloop()<\/code> \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435. \u0426\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430.<\/li>\n<li><strong><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'tkinter'<\/code><\/strong> &#8212; \u043d\u0430 Linux \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 Tk \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sudo apt install python3-tk<\/code>); \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0445 Python \u0434\u043b\u044f Windows \u0438 macOS \u043e\u043d \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/strong> &#8212; \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">command<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">calculate()<\/code> \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435, \u0430 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">None<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e &#8212; \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043a: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">command=calculate<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ValueError<\/code> \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0435<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">try\/except<\/code> \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>GUI \u043d\u0430 Python &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432; \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 CLI, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u044b\u0448\u044c\u044e, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443: tkinter \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442, PyQt\/PySide \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430, Kivy \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043c\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430, wxPython \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430; PyQt \u0438 PySide \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439.<\/li>\n<li>\u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 tkinter \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Tk<\/code>, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Label<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Entry<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Button<\/code>) \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">command<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0438; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">grid<\/code>. \u0411\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mainloop()<\/code> \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442: \u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 Qt. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c Python \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e &#8212; \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/python-basic\/?int_article=piton-i-graficheskij-interfejs&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">Python Basic<\/a>. \u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=piton-i-graficheskij-interfejs&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 Otus<\/a> &#8212; \u0436\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/piton-i-ego-operatory\/\">Python \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c tkinter \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e?<\/strong> \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0445 Python \u0434\u043b\u044f Windows \u0438 macOS tkinter \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442. \u041d\u0430 Linux \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c Tk \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">python3-tk<\/code> \u0432 Debian \u0438 Ubuntu).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c grid \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 pack \u0438 place?<\/strong> <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">pack<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043a \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">place<\/code> \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0445, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">grid<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u044f\u0447\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">grid<\/code>. \u0421\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">pack<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">grid<\/code> \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 tkinter \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d?<\/strong> \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ttk<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 &#8212; \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 Qt \u0438\u043b\u0438 web-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GUI (Graphical User Interface, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u044b\u0448\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044e, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b. \u041d\u0430 Python \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f: \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 &#8212; \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f tkinter. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 GUI \u0438 CLI: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":8024,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[27],"class_list":["post-8023","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-python"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"GUI \u043d\u0430 Python - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c (tkinter, PyQt, Kivy) \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 tkinter - \u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0418\u041c\u0422 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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