{"id":7958,"date":"2026-09-18T04:22:44","date_gmt":"2026-09-18T04:22:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=7958"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:46:18","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:46:18","slug":"email-ot-a-do-ya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/email-ot-a-do-ya\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430: \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430 (email)<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0435: MUA, MTA, MDA<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b: SMTP \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438, IMAP \u0438 POP3 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">DNS \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c MX: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438: SPF, DKIM, DMARC<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 (MUA, MTA, MDA), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (SMTP \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 IMAP \u0438 POP3), \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c DNS-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 MX \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043c (SPF, DKIM, DMARC). \u0412 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0435 &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n<p>\u0423 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0443 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>MUA<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a (Thunderbird, \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 Gmail).<\/li>\n<li><strong>MTA<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e SMTP (Postfix, Exim).<\/li>\n<li><strong>MDA<\/strong> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>SMTP<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043c (push).<\/li>\n<li><strong>IMAP \/ POP3<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 (pull).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b<\/h2>\n<p>\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">@<\/code>: \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">@<\/code> \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435. \u0412 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">bob@example.com<\/code> \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">bob<\/code> \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">example.com<\/code> &#8212; \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0443.<\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440: \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e. \u0414\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 DNS \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u0414\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0435: MUA, MTA, MDA<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MUA (Mail User Agent)<\/strong> &#8212; \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430. \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e: \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MTA (Mail Transfer Agent)<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438. \u041e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e SMTP, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><strong>MDA (Mail Delivery Agent)<\/strong> &#8212; \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f: \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 Maildir).<\/p>\n<p>\u0423\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c <strong>MSA (Mail Submission Agent)<\/strong> \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443 587. \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 MSA \u0438 MTA &#8212; \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044e \u00abMTA \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u00bb, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f submission.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b: SMTP \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438, IMAP \u0438 POP3 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435: SMTP \u0442\u043e\u043b\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 (\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430), \u0430 IMAP \u0438 POP3 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u0430\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>IMAP \u0438 POP3 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f. IMAP \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. POP3 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 (\u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u00ab\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e\u00bb).<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b<\/th>\n<th>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<th>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b<\/th>\n<th>\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>SMTP<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 -&gt; \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 -&gt; \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td>587 (submission), 25 (\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 MTA), 465 (implicit TLS)<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>IMAP<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 -&gt; \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/td>\n<td>143, 993 (TLS)<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>POP3<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 -&gt; \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/td>\n<td>110, 995 (TLS)<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443: \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f &#8212; IMAP; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e &#8212; POP3.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">DNS \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c MX: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">example.com<\/code>, MTA \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443 DNS \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c <strong>MX (Mail Exchanger)<\/strong> \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430. MX \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c: \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">dig<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>MX<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>example.com<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>+short<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">10 mail.example.com.\n20 backup-mail.example.com.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mail.example.com<\/code> (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 10), \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">backup-mail.example.com<\/code> (20) &#8212; \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e. \u0418\u043c\u044f \u0438\u0437 MX MTA \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 IP \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 A\/AAAA \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443.<\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438: \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 MX-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 SMTP (RFC 5321) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 A\/AAAA \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 (\u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c MX). \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 MX \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u043a\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 &#8212; \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u00bb \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">[MUA \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f]\n   | SMTP submission, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 587 (TLS + \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f)\n[MTA \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f]  --- \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 DNS MX \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f ---&gt;  DNS\n   | SMTP, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 25 (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0438)\n[MTA \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f]\n   | \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 SPF \/ DKIM \/ DMARC, \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043c-\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u044b\n[MDA]\n   | \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a\n[\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f]\n   | IMAP, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 993   \u0438\u043b\u0438   POP3, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 995\n[MUA \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0432 MUA \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li>MUA \u0441\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u043e SMTP submission (\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 587), \u0441 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.<\/li>\n<li>MTA \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443 DNS MX-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n<li>MTA \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 MTA \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e SMTP (\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 25) \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e; \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>MTA \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f (SPF, DKIM, DMARC) \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043c.<\/li>\n<li>MDA \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>MUA \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u043f\u043e IMAP (\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 993) \u0438\u043b\u0438 POP3 (\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 995) \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 SMTP \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0435 4 (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">C:<\/code>, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">S:<\/code>):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">S: 220 mail.example.com ESMTP Postfix\nC: EHLO client.example.org\nS: 250-mail.example.com\nS: 250 STARTTLS\nC: MAIL FROM:&lt;alice@example.org&gt;\nS: 250 2.1.0 Ok\nC: RCPT TO:&lt;bob@example.com&gt;\nS: 250 2.1.5 Ok\nC: DATA\nS: 354 End data with &lt;CR&gt;&lt;LF&gt;.&lt;CR&gt;&lt;LF&gt;\nC: From: alice@example.org\nC: To: bob@example.com\nC: Subject: Privet\nC:\nC: Tekst pisma.\nC: .\nS: 250 2.0.0 Ok: queued\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">MAIL FROM<\/code> (\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430, \u043e\u043d \u0436\u0435 Return-Path) \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">From:<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a, &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0417\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438: SPF, DKIM, DMARC<\/h2>\n<p>SMTP \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0438 DNS-\u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430. \u0418\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a TXT-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 DNS \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430-\u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>SPF<\/td>\n<td>IP \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 (Return-Path)<\/td>\n<td>TXT \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DKIM<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430<\/td>\n<td>TXT \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440&gt;._domainkey.&lt;\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d&gt;<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>DMARC<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (alignment) \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 SPF\/DKIM \u0441 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">From:<\/code> \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443<\/td>\n<td>TXT \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">_dmarc.&lt;\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d&gt;<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0413\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435, \u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">example.com.                 TXT  &quot;v=spf1 ip4:203.0.113.10 include:_spf.provider.com -all&quot;\nsel1._domainkey.example.com. TXT  &quot;v=DKIM1; k=rsa; p=MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3...&quot;\n_dmarc.example.com.          TXT  &quot;v=DMARC1; p=quarantine; rua=mailto:dmarc@example.com; adkim=s; aspf=s&quot;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">-all<\/code> \u0432 SPF &#8212; \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">~all<\/code> &#8212; \u043c\u044f\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435). \u0412 DKIM \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 DNS. \u0412 DMARC <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">p=quarantine<\/code> &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u043c (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">p=reject<\/code> &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">p=none<\/code> &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c).<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435: SPF \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430 (Return-Path), \u0430 DMARC \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 SPF \u0438\u043b\u0438 DKIM \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0441 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">From:<\/code>. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d SPF \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u00ab\u041e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e\u00bb &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0441 DMARC.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b<\/h2>\n<p>\u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c TLS: implicit TLS (\u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 993\/995\/465) \u0438\u043b\u0438 STARTTLS (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f). TLS \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (PGP \u0438\u043b\u0438 S\/MIME).<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0438\u0433\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0430: \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430\u043c, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c. SPF\/DKIM\/DMARC \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0444\u0438\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 &#8212; \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 (MUA, MTA, MDA) \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 SMTP; \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c &#8212; IMAP (\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435) \u0438\u043b\u0438 POP3 (\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442).<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 DNS-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c MX \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443; \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 MX \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c A\/AAAA \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430: MUA -&gt; SMTP submission -&gt; MTA \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f -&gt; DNS MX -&gt; SMTP \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 25 -&gt; MTA \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f -&gt; MDA -&gt; \u044f\u0449\u0438\u043a -&gt; IMAP\/POP3 -&gt; MUA \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 SPF (IP \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430), DKIM (\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c) \u0438 DMARC (\u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c From \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 &#8212; \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b: DNS-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 MX, \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f SMTP, \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0438 TLS, \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b (DNS, TCP-\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430) &#8212; \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/setevoy-inzhener\/?int_article=email-ot-a-do-ya&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u0421\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440<\/a>: \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438. \u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=email-ot-a-do-ya&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445<\/a> &#8212; \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044f\u043c \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0443\u0448\u043b\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 &#8212; \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b SPF\/DKIM\/DMARC \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0430\u043c \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438. \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c DNS-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 (Received, Authentication-Results).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 DNS-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 MX \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430. \u041f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 SMTP \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 MX \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 IP \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 A\/AAAA \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 (\u043d\u0435\u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 MX). \u041d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b MX-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 25, 587 \u0438 465?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442 25 &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 (MTA -&gt; MTA). \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442 587 &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 (submission). \u041f\u043e\u0440\u0442 465 &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 submission, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c (implicit TLS).<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430 (email) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u0430 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b \u041a\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0435: MUA, MTA, MDA \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b: SMTP [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":7959,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[209,380],"class_list":["post-7958","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-computer-science","tag-email"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430: \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0438 \u0430\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b MUA\/MTA\/MDA, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b SMTP, IMAP \u0438 POP3, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 DNS MX \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 SPF\/DKIM\/DMARC \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. Pavlenko\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/email-ot-a-do-ya\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/email-ot-a-do-ya\\\/#article\",\"name\":\"\\u041a\\u0430\\u043a \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442 \\u044d\\u043b\\u0435\\u043a\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043d\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u0447\\u0442\\u0430 (email) | Otus\",\"headline\":\"\\u041a\\u0430\\u043a \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442 \\u044d\\u043b\\u0435\\u043a\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043d\\u043d\\u0430\\u044f \\u043f\\u043e\\u0447\\u0442\\u0430: \\u043f\\u0443\\u0442\\u044c \\u043f\\u0438\\u0441\\u044c\\u043c\\u0430 \\u043e\\u0442 \\u043e\\u0442\\u043f\\u0440\\u0430\\u0432\\u0438\\u0442\\u0435\\u043b\\u044f 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