{"id":7023,"date":"2023-07-17T09:55:45","date_gmt":"2023-07-17T09:55:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=7023"},"modified":"2023-12-13T11:12:33","modified_gmt":"2023-12-13T11:12:33","slug":"samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_61 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title \" >\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#1_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0\" title=\"1. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0430\">1. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#2_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C\" title=\"2. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c&nbsp;\">2. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#3_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC\" title=\"3. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u044d\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\">3. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u044d\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"4. \u0410\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\">4. \u0410\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#5_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%C2%AB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%C2%BB\" title=\"5. \u0422\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \/ \u00ab\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u00bb\">5. \u0422\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \/ \u00ab\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u00bb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#6_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%C2%BB\" title=\"6. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \/ \u00ab\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb\">6. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \/ \u00ab\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#7_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8E_%C2%AB%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%C2%BB\" title=\"7. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \/ \u00ab\u0442\u044b \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u00bb\">7. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \/ \u00ab\u0442\u044b \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u00bb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#8_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE\" title=\"8. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\">8. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#9_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0\" title=\"9. \u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\">9. \u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#10_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81\" title=\"10. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\">10. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#11_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE\" title=\"11. \u0411\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \/ \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\">11. \u0411\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \/ \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#12_%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C\" title=\"12. \u0414\u0432\u0443\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\">12. \u0414\u0432\u0443\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-13\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#13_%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE\" title=\"13. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \/ \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435-\u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e\">13. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \/ \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435-\u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-14\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#14_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\" title=\"14. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\">14. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-15\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#15_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83\" title=\"15. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443\">15. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-16\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#16_%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83\" title=\"16. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \/ \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443\">16. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \/ \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-17\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#17_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%C2%BB\" title=\"17. \u0418\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \/ \u00ab\u041d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0446\u00bb\">17. \u0418\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \/ \u00ab\u041d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0446\u00bb<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-18\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#18_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"18. \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \/ \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\">18. \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \/ \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-19\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#19_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5\" title=\"19. \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0435\">19. \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0435<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-20\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#20_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\" title=\"20. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f&nbsp;\">20. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-21\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#21_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B9\" title=\"21. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439\">21. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-22\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#22_%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_Anecdotal_evidence\" title=\"22. \u042d\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (Anecdotal evidence)\">22. \u042d\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (Anecdotal evidence)<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-23\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#23_%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0\" title=\"23. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430&nbsp;\">23. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-24\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/samye-rasprostranennye-logicheskie-oshibki\/#24_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81\" title=\"24. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \/ \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441&nbsp;\">24. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \/ \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441&nbsp;<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n\n<p>\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u00ab\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u043e\u00bb) \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437 24 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/companies\/otus\/articles\/747938\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\" title=\"\u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440\">\u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-alpha-channel-opacity\"\/>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"1_%D0%9F%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%B7%D0%B8%D1%81%D0%B0\"><\/span>1. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0437\u0438\u0441\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"2_%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B5_%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D1%81%D0%B2%D1%8F%D0%B7%D1%8C\"><\/span>2. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e-\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"3_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D1%8D%D0%BC%D0%BE%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F%D0%BC\"><\/span>3. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u044d\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043f\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043c\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"4_%D0%90%D1%80%D0%B3%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%82_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>4. \u0410\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"5_%D0%A2%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%B7%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C_%C2%AB%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BB%D1%8C%D0%B7%D0%BA%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%83%D0%BA%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BD%C2%BB\"><\/span>5. \u0422\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043e\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \/ \u00ab\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u00bb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0423\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0410, \u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0411, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0410 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"6_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%BF%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%BD%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%C2%BB\"><\/span>6. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \/ \u00ab\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u043e\u043f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"7_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D0%BB%D0%B8%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%8E_%C2%AB%D1%82%D1%8B_%D1%82%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B5%C2%BB\"><\/span>7. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u044e \/ \u00ab\u0442\u044b \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u00bb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u043f\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"8_%D0%9D%D0%B5%D0%B2%D0%B5%D0%B6%D0%B5%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE\"><\/span>8. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0447\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"9_%D0%A1%D0%B8%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B9%D0%BA%D0%B0\"><\/span>9. \u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043c\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"10_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%86%D0%B8%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81\"><\/span>10. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"11_%D0%91%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BC%D1%8F_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%B0_%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%B3%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%B2%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0%D0%B7%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE\"><\/span>11. \u0411\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \/ \u043d\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0423\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"12_%D0%94%D0%B2%D1%83%D1%81%D0%BC%D1%8B%D1%81%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%8C\"><\/span>12. \u0414\u0432\u0443\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"13_%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%B3%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%B2%D1%8B%D0%B2%D0%BE%D0%B4_%D0%9C%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D0%B5-%D0%9A%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BB%D0%BE\"><\/span>13. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \/ \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u041c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435-\u041a\u0430\u0440\u043b\u043e<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0423\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"14_%D0%A0%D0%B0%D1%81%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D0%B7%D0%B0%D0%B1%D0%BB%D1%83%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5\"><\/span>14. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\/\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\/\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"15_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%82%D1%83\"><\/span>15. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0443<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438\/\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"16_%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%82_%D1%87%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D0%BA_%D1%86%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%BC%D1%83\"><\/span>16. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \/ \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0443<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c; \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"17_%D0%98%D0%B3%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BD%D1%82%D1%80%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0_%D0%B8%D0%BB%D0%B8_%D0%B0%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%C2%AB%D0%9D%D0%B8_%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D0%BD_%D0%BD%D0%B0%D1%81%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%8F%D1%89%D0%B8%D0%B9_%D1%88%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%86%C2%BB\"><\/span>17. \u0418\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \/ \u00ab\u041d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435\u0446\u00bb<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u00bb \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"18_%D0%93%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%B0%D1%8F_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%85%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%B4%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>18. \u0413\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \/ \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e-\u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"19_%D0%A7%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%BD%D0%BE-%D0%B1%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B5\"><\/span>19. \u0427\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e-\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0435<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"20_%D0%9F%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B4%D0%B2%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%85%D0%B8%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%B8%D0%B5_%D0%BE%D1%81%D0%BD%D0%BE%D0%B2%D0%B0%D0%BD%D0%B8%D1%8F\"><\/span>20. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0445\u0438\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"21_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B5_%D0%B2%D0%B5%D1%89%D0%B5%D0%B9\"><\/span>21. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0423\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u00ab\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435\u00bb \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"22_%D0%AD%D0%BF%D0%B8%D0%B7%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B8%D1%87%D0%B5%D1%81%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B5_%D1%81%D0%B2%D0%B8%D0%B4%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%B5%D0%BB%D1%8C%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B2%D0%BE_Anecdotal_evidence\"><\/span>22. \u042d\u043f\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (Anecdotal evidence)<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"23_%D0%9E%D1%88%D0%B8%D0%B1%D0%BA%D0%B0_%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%82%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%B3%D0%BE_%D1%81%D1%82%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BA%D0%B0\"><\/span>23. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\/\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"24_%D0%90%D0%BF%D0%B5%D0%BB%D0%BB%D1%8F%D1%86%D0%B8%D1%8F_%D0%BA_%D1%83%D0%BC%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%BD%D0%BD%D0%BE%D1%81%D1%82%D0%B8_%D0%BB%D0%BE%D0%B6%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9_%D0%BA%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%BF%D1%80%D0%BE%D0%BC%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%81\"><\/span>24. \u0410\u043f\u0435\u043b\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \/ \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441&nbsp;<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>\u0423\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0441 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 <a href=\"http:\/\/habr.com\/ru\/companies\/otus\/articles\/747938\/\" title=\"\">\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0425\u0430\u0431\u0440.<\/a><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/near\/?utm_source=oj&amp;utm_medium=affilate&amp;utm_campaign=otus&amp;mxm=[[hash_metrika]]&amp;relogin=True&amp;token=[[token]]\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"93\" src=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Habr_banner_1-2-1024x93.png\" alt=\"\u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\" class=\"wp-image-8412\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Habr_banner_1-2-1024x93.png 1024w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Habr_banner_1-2-300x27.png 300w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Habr_banner_1-2-150x14.png 150w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Habr_banner_1-2-768x70.png 768w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2023\/12\/Habr_banner_1-2.png 1170w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0438 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u00ab\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0439 \u0432\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0430 \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u043e\u00bb) \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044b. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10,"featured_media":7024,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[301,300],"class_list":{"0":"post-7023","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-polza","8":"tag-kriticheskoe-myshlenie","9":"tag-myshlenie"},"aioseo_notices":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7023","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7023"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7023\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8414,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7023\/revisions\/8414"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7024"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7023"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7023"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7023"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}