{"id":6996,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=6996"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:26:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:26:28","slug":"modifikatory-metodov-out-i-drugie-v-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/modifikatory-metodov-out-i-drugie-v-c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 out \u0432 C# \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435: ref, in, ref readonly, params"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>out<\/strong> \u0432 C# &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440: \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int.TryParse(text, out int n)<\/code>, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">bool<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u0435, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">out<\/code>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u00ab\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">out \u0438 TryParse: \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">ref: \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">in \u0438 ref readonly: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">params: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e -&gt; \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 -&gt; \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">out \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s12\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0423 out \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref<\/code> (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref readonly<\/code> (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f) \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">params<\/code> (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432). \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0442\u044b\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 .NET SDK 10.0.401 (C# 14).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u00ab\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00bb<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043b\u043e \u00ab\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u00bb, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0435 &#8212; <strong>\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/strong>: \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c. \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">public<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private<\/code> \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.) &#8212; \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/strong> &#8212; \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">out<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435. \u0414\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">out<\/code> \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code> &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/th>\n<th>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<th>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\/\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<th>\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/th>\n<th>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442 (\u043f\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e)<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">out<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">out<\/code> \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442, Try-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref<\/code> \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<td>\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f)<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code> \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<td>\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref readonly<\/code> (C# 12+)<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code>, \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td>API, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">params<\/code><\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0443\u044e<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">out<\/code> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436, \u0441\u043c. \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435). \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref<\/code>. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code>. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">params<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435<\/h2>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ByValue<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u043f\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e: {a}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);     <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 5<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ByRef<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ref<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"ref: {b}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);             <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 6<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">q<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;                                    <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DivRem<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">17<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">q<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"out: {q} \u0438 {r}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 3 \u0438 2<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">big<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">BigStruct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"in: {Sum(in big)}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);     <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 10<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"params: {Total(1, 2, 3)} {Total()}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 6 0<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">ByValue<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">++<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">ByRef<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ref<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">++<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">DivRem<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">y<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">quotient<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">remainder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">quotient<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">y<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">remainder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">%<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">y<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Sum<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">BigStruct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">A<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">B<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">C<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">D<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Total<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">params<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Sum<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">readonly<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">record<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">struct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">BigStruct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">A<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">B<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">C<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">D<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u043f\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e: 5\nref: 6\nout: 3 \u0438 2\nin: 10\nparams: 6 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ByValue<\/code> \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">a<\/code> \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c 5. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ByRef<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u0441 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">b<\/code> &#8212; \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 6. \u0412 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DivRem<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">q<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r<\/code> \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0434\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">out<\/code> \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Sum<\/code> \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Total()<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b 0.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">out \u0438 TryParse: \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">TryXxx<\/code> &#8212; \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 out. \u041e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">false<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System.Globalization<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">inputs<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"42\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"  7 \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"12abc\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"99999999999\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> };<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">foreach<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">inputs<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">TryParse<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"'{s}' -&gt; {n}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">else<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"'{s}' -&gt; \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u0430 - \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">bool<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ok<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">TryParse<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"15\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ok<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);                                   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ True<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0414\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430: \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">bool<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">parsed<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">TryParse<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"3.14\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">NumberStyles<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Float<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">                              <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CultureInfo<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">InvariantCulture<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">pi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"{parsed} {pi.ToString(CultureInfo.InvariantCulture)}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ True 3.14<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439 Try-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0446\u0443<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">TryParsePoint<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"10;-3\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">y<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"x={x}, y={y}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);                  <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ x=10, y=-3<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">bool<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">TryParsePoint<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">y<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">y<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;                        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ out \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">parts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Split<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">';'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">parts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Length<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">==<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">TryParse<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">parts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">], <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">TryParse<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">parts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">], <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">y<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">&#x27;42&#x27; -&gt; 42\n&#x27;  7 &#x27; -&gt; 7\n&#x27;12abc&#x27; -&gt; \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\n&#x27;&#x27; -&gt; \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\n&#x27;99999999999&#x27; -&gt; \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\nTrue\nTrue 3.14\nx=10, y=-3\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0430\u044f\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int.TryParse<\/code> \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">false<\/code>, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">out int n<\/code> \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435 (\u0441 C# 7.0), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">out _<\/code> &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int.TryParse<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 out-\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 0, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">bool<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430: \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">CultureInfo.InvariantCulture<\/code> \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044e, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0430\u044f, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">double.TryParse(\"3.14\", out var d)<\/code> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">false<\/code>, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">d<\/code> \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 0. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 (\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, API) &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<p>\u0423 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">TryParsePoint<\/code> \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430: \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"10;abc\"<\/code>) \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">x<\/code> \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 10, \u0430 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">y<\/code> &#8212; 0. \u0412\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">true<\/code>, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 Try-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">ref: \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int<\/code>, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b) \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442 ref \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d. \u0421\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f: \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u00ab\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435\u00bb? \u041d\u0435\u0442 &#8212; \u043f\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> };<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Replace<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Join<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\",\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 1,2,3 - \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ReplaceRef<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ref<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Join<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\",\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 9,9 - \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Mutate<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Join<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\",\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 0,9 - \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 ref<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Replace<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">arr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">arr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] { <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> };<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">ReplaceRef<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ref<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">arr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">arr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] { <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> };<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Mutate<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">arr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">arr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">] <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">1,2,3<\/code>, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">9,9<\/code>, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0,9<\/code>. \u0418\u0442\u043e\u0433 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430: \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 ref; ref \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e (\u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Array.Resize(ref arr, n)<\/code>).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">in \u0438 ref readonly: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438<\/h2>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 (\u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435): \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440. \u0414\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b\u0448\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 &#8212; \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0436\u0435, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f. \u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430\u044f\u00bb &#8212; \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440.<\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c: \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">readonly<\/code>, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code>-\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e, \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code> \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">readonly struct<\/code>, \u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">BigStruct<\/code> \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref readonly<\/code> (C# 12) \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436 \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code>, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">M<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Peek<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);           <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 CS9192<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">M<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Peek<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);           <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 CS9193<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">M<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Peek<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043e\u043a<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">M<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Peek<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ref<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);       <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043e\u043a<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">M<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Peek<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ref<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">readonly<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">Program.cs(2,8): warning CS9192: Argument 1 should be passed with &#x27;ref&#x27; or &#x27;in&#x27; keyword\nProgram.cs(3,8): warning CS9193: Argument 1 should be a variable because it is passed to a &#x27;ref readonly&#x27; parameter\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref readonly<\/code> \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e &#8212; \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 API, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref<\/code>, \u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">params: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/h2>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">params<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Max(3, 8, 1)<\/code> \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Max(new[] { 3, 8, 1 })<\/code>. \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0441 params \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435, \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d. \u0414\u043e C# 13 \u043e\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043c; \u0441 C# 13 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ReadOnlySpan&lt;T&gt;<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">List&lt;T&gt;<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Max<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 8<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">arr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> };<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Max<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">arr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));            <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 5 - \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"id={0}, user={1}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">7<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"ann\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ [INFO] id=7, user=ann<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Max<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">params<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ReadOnlySpan<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ C# 13+<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">IsEmpty<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">throw<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ArgumentException<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">];<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">foreach<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">format<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">params<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">object<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"[INFO] \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Format<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">format<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0443 params \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Max<\/code>. params &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435, \u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">out<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code> \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e -&gt; \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 -&gt; \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0441 out &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">bool<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">TryGet<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Length<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Length<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">true<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">false<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;                    <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ value \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">error CS0177: The out parameter &#x27;value&#x27; must be assigned to before control leaves the current method\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">value = 0;<\/code>) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">return<\/code>. \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439; \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 .NET SDK 10.0.401.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int x; Inc(ref x);<\/code><\/td>\n<td>CS0165: Use of unassigned local variable &#8216;x&#8217;<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u043b\u044f ref \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 out<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Inc(y);<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Inc(ref int n)<\/code><\/td>\n<td>CS1620: Argument 1 must be passed with the &#8216;ref&#8217; keyword<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ref<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 out-\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438<\/td>\n<td>CS0269: Use of unassigned out parameter &#8216;n&#8217;<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">void Show(in int n) { n = 10; }<\/code><\/td>\n<td>CS8331: Cannot assign to variable &#8216;n&#8217; &#8230; because it is a readonly variable<\/td>\n<td>\u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430 ref<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">async Task LoadAsync(out int n)<\/code><\/td>\n<td>CS1988: Async methods cannot have ref, in or out parameters<\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Task&lt;(bool, int)&gt;<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0431\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 ref-\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/td>\n<td>CS1628: Cannot use ref, out, or in parameter &#8216;n&#8217; inside an anonymous method, lambda expression&#8230;<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">A(ref int)<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">A(out int)<\/code> (\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440 ref\/in \u0438 in\/out)<\/td>\n<td>CS0663: cannot define an overloaded method that differs only on parameter modifiers &#8216;out&#8217; and &#8216;ref&#8217;<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">P(params int[] a, string s)<\/code><\/td>\n<td>CS0231: A params parameter must be the last parameter in a parameter list<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 params \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u043f\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e\u00bb \u0438 \u00ab\u0441 ref\u00bb (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">A(int)<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">A(ref int)<\/code>) \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430 &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 ref, out \u0438 in \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">out \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">(int q, int r) DivRem(int x, int y)<\/code>. \u041e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0432 async-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0433\u0434\u0435 out \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d. out \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 Try (\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">bool<\/code> \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">if<\/code>) \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 API.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>out \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430; \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e.<\/li>\n<li>ref \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>in \u0438 ref readonly \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f; \u0432\u044b\u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b\u0448 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 readonly-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0430 ref readonly \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>params &#8212; \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0441 C# 13 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u044b; \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c.<\/li>\n<li>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440: CS0177, CS0165, CS1620, CS8331, CS1988.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Try-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, API \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0439 &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 C#: \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0432 Unity \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 ASP.NET Core. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/c-sharp-basic\/?int_article=modifikatory-metodov-out-i-drugie-v-c&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00abC#-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb<\/a>. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=modifikatory-metodov-out-i-drugie-v-c&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s12\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c out \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435\u0442. \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b ref \u0438 out \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b \u043a \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439; \u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b (CS0631), \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">in<\/code>. \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a ref- \u0438\u043b\u0438 out-\u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 (CS0206), \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c out \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0441 out?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430, \u0434\u043b\u044f out \u0438 ref \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f. \u0414\u043b\u044f in \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 &#8212; out \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0430?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 int \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430; \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c (async, \u043b\u044f\u043c\u0431\u0434\u044b). \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430 &#8212; \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>out \u0432 C# &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440: \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 &#8212; int.TryParse(text, out int n), \u0433\u0434\u0435 bool \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u0443\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0445\u0435, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 out. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u00ab\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438\u00bb \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":6997,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[81],"class_list":["post-6996","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-c-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 out \u0432 C# \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u0438 ref, in, ref readonly \u0438 params: \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439, TryParse, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 Try-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a CS0177, CS0165, CS1620.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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