{"id":6881,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=6881"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:26:42","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:26:42","slug":"komanda-select-v-sql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/komanda-select-v-sql\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 SELECT \u0432 SQL: \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441, WHERE, ORDER BY, LIMIT \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>SELECT<\/strong> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 SQL, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430: \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b FROM \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/code>, \u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIMIT<\/code>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 SELECT<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">WHERE: \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">ORDER BY: \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">LIMIT \u0438 OFFSET: \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">DISTINCT: \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u041f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b: AS \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s12\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s13\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c, \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b 24.09.2026 \u0432 PostgreSQL 16.14 \u0438 SQLite 3.51; \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 (\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440)<\/strong> &#8212; \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT ... ;<\/code> \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (clause)<\/strong> &#8212; \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FROM<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440<\/strong> &#8212; \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NULL<\/code>: \u0443 \u0413\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434, \u0443 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u044b &#8212; email. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">users<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">             <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">INTEGER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">PRIMARY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">KEY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">           <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">50<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">NOT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">           <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">50<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">login_attempts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">INTEGER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">NOT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">DEFAULT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">          <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">INSERT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">users<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">login_attempts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">VALUES<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,  <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'anna@example.com'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'boris@example.com'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,  <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0413\u043b\u0435\u0431'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">NULL<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,     <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'gleb@example.com'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,  <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'dina@example.com'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">6<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0415\u0433\u043e\u0440'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,  <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'egor@example.com'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430: \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">login_attempts<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">users<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">login_attempts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ORDER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">login_attempts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">DESC<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">LIMIT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"> name |  city  | login_attempts\n------+--------+----------------\n \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430 | \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 |              5\n \u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430 | \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430 |              4\n(2 rows)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FROM<\/code> \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442, \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code> \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">login_attempts &gt; 2<\/code> (\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0438: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441, \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY ... DESC<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIMIT 2<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 SELECT<\/h2>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> [<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">DISTINCT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">] \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_\u0438\u043b\u0438_\u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> [<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c], ...<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 [<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_\u0434\u043b\u044f_\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">GROUP<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">HAVING<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_\u0434\u043b\u044f_\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ORDER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446 [<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ASC<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">DESC<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">], ...]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">LIMIT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e [<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">OFFSET<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433]];<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code>. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FROM<\/code> \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u0432 PostgreSQL, SQLite \u0438 MySQL \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT 2 + 2;<\/code>. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY<\/code> &#8212; \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT *<\/code> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e, \u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u0437, \u0430 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c: \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441), \u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0431\u044b\u043b \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0428\u0430\u0433<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FROM<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0442\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GROUP BY<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HAVING<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0442\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>5<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DISTINCT<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIMIT<\/code> \/ <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">OFFSET<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435: \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code> \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">login_attempts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">score<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">users<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">score<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">20<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>PostgreSQL \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">ERROR:  column &quot;score&quot; does not exist\nLINE 3: WHERE score &gt; 20;\n              ^\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code>. \u0412 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY<\/code> \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">login_attempts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">score<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">users<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">login_attempts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">20<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ORDER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">score<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">DESC<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"> name  | score\n-------+-------\n \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430  |    50\n \u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430  |    40\n \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 |    30\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>SQLite \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430 PostgreSQL.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">WHERE: \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">=<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;&gt;<\/code> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">!=<\/code>), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&gt;<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&gt;=<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;=<\/code>, \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">AND<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">OR<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NOT<\/code> \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">IN<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">city IN ('\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430', '\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c')<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">BETWEEN<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">login_attempts BETWEEN 2 AND 4<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d, \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e (2, 3, 4)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIKE<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">email LIKE '_ina%'<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">%<\/code> &#8212; \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">_<\/code> &#8212; \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">IS NULL<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">email IS NULL<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><strong>\u041b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 1: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 AND \u0438 OR.<\/strong> <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">AND<\/code> \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">OR<\/code>. \u0425\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u043c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0446\u044b, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043a\u00bb:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">login_attempts<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">users<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">OR<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AND<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">login_attempts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 &#8212; \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0443 \u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043a: \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 OR (\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c AND &gt; 2)<\/code>. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">login_attempts<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">users<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">OR<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AND<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">login_attempts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"> name  |  city  | login_attempts\n-------+--------+----------------\n \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 | \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c |              3\n \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430  | \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 |              5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u041b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 2: \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 NULL.<\/strong> <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NULL<\/code> \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u00bb, \u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443\u00bb, \u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE email = NULL<\/code> \u0432 PostgreSQL \u0438 SQLite \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 0 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE email IS NULL<\/code> (\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0443). \u041e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">city NOT IN ('\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430', NULL)<\/code> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c \u0438 \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NOT IN<\/code> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NULL<\/code>, \u043e\u0442\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NOT EXISTS<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 3: \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0432 LIKE \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414.<\/strong> \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">email LIKE 'A%'<\/code> \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 A \u0432 SQLite \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0443, \u0430 \u0432 PostgreSQL &#8212; \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u0412 PostgreSQL <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIKE<\/code> \u0447\u0443\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043a \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ILIKE<\/code> (SQLite \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442). \u0412 SQLite <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIKE<\/code> \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u0432 MySQL \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 collation \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">ORDER BY: \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ASC<\/code>), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DESC<\/code> &#8212; \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432: \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0411\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e id\u00bb. \u0418 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439: \u0443 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u044b \u043f\u043e 5 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043a.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">COUNT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">users_cnt<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SUM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">login_attempts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">attempts<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">users<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">IS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">NOT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">NULL<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">GROUP<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">HAVING<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">COUNT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ORDER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">attempts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">DESC<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">  city  | users_cnt | attempts\n--------+-----------+----------\n \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c |         2 |        5\n \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430 |         2 |        5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0411\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">city<\/code> \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0445 PostgreSQL \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043b \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0430 SQLite &#8212; \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0443. \u041e\u0431\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u044c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NULL<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414: \u043f\u0440\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY city<\/code> PostgreSQL \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0413\u043b\u0435\u0431\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c, SQLite \u0438 MySQL &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c. \u0412 PostgreSQL \u0438 SQLite (\u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 3.30) \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY city NULLS LAST<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HAVING<\/code>: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code> \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HAVING<\/code> &#8212; \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">COUNT(*)<\/code> \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HAVING<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">LIMIT \u0438 OFFSET: \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIMIT n<\/code> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 n \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">OFFSET m<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 m:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">users<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ORDER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">LIMIT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">OFFSET<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0441 id 3 \u0438 4 (\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0413\u043b\u0435\u0431). <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIMIT<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 2 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 2<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>PostgreSQL, SQLite<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIMIT 2 OFFSET 2<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>MySQL<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIMIT 2 OFFSET 2<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIMIT 2, 2<\/code> (\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SQL Server<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY id OFFSET 2 ROWS FETCH NEXT 2 ROWS ONLY<\/code>; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 n \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT TOP (n)<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 SQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle 12c+<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">OFFSET 2 ROWS FETCH FIRST 2 ROWS ONLY<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">OFFSET<\/code> \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f: \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e id\u00bb (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE id &gt; 40 ORDER BY id LIMIT 20<\/code>).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">DISTINCT: \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DISTINCT<\/code> \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0435: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT DISTINCT city, name<\/code> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">DISTINCT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">users<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ORDER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">COUNT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">with_city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">       <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">COUNT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">DISTINCT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">unique_cities<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">       <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">COUNT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">all_rows<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">users<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438: \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NULL<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DISTINCT<\/code> \u0432\u0441\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NULL<\/code> \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">5 | 3 | 6<\/code>: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">COUNT(\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446)<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NULL<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">COUNT(*)<\/code> \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u041f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b: AS \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0435, \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446. \u0418\u043c\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0432 PostgreSQL \u0438 SQLite \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0438 (\u0432 MySQL &#8212; \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435).<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">u<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0418\u043c\u044f\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">u<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0413\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">users<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">u<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">u<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0438 &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">'\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430'<\/code>), \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0432 PostgreSQL \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443 \u00ab\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442\u00bb. SQLite \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE city = \"\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u0440\u0430\"<\/code> \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0414\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 Python 3.14 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u043c sqlite3 (\u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sqlite3<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sqlite3<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">connect<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"t.db\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cur<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cursor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">user_input<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"x' OR '1'='1\"<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0437\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u041f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e: \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">f\"SELECT name FROM users WHERE email = '{<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">user_input<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}'\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cur<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">execute<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">fetchall<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()))<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e: \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">good<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"SELECT name FROM users WHERE email = ?\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">len<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cur<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">execute<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">good<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">user_input<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,))<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">fetchall<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()))<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">close<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">6\n0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0435 6 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439: \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u00ab\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430\u00bb (SQL-\u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f). \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442 email, \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435, \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0411\u0414: \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">column \"x\" does not exist<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code> \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435; \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 &#8212; \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">= NULL<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NULL<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">IS NULL<\/code> \/ <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">IS NOT NULL<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">OR<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">AND<\/code> \u043d\u0430\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">OR<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">OR<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u044b\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u00bb<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u044c\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIKE<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 PostgreSQL<\/td>\n<td>\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ILIKE<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">lower(\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446) LIKE<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GROUP BY<\/code> \u0432 PostgreSQL<\/td>\n<td>\u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code> \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435 (\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GROUP BY<\/code>)<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GROUP BY<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code> \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440; \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FROM<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GROUP BY<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HAVING<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DISTINCT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIMIT<\/code>; \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code>, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE<\/code>: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">AND<\/code> \u043d\u0430\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">OR<\/code>, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NULL<\/code> \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">=<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NOT IN<\/code> \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NULL<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORDER BY<\/code> \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0438\u0447\u044c\u0438; \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIMIT<\/code>, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NULL<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LIKE<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414.<\/li>\n<li>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s12\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code> &#8212; \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0439: \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430, API \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0433 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">JOIN<\/code>), \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code>, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0437\u043e\u0440 <a href=\"\/journal\/sql-dlya-nachinajushhih-chto-nuzhno-znat-o-yazyke-i-ego-primenenii\/\">SQL \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445<\/a>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/sql\/?int_article=komanda-select-v-sql&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00abSQL \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432\u00bb<\/a>. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=komanda-select-v-sql&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s13\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c SELECT \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 SELECT DISTINCT?<\/strong><br \/>\n<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DISTINCT<\/code> \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u041d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0445 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DISTINCT<\/code> \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FROM<\/code> \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">JOIN ... ON<\/code> \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0443. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">UNION<\/code> (\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432) \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">UNION ALL<\/code> (\u0441 \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 SELECT \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code> \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442. \u0418\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT ... INTO<\/code> \u0432 SQL Server \u0438 PostgreSQL \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT nextval('seq')<\/code> \u0432 PostgreSQL) \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT ... FOR UPDATE<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SELECT &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 SQL, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430: \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 &#8212; SELECT \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b FROM \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 WHERE, ORDER BY \u0438 LIMIT. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 SELECT [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":6882,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[38,40],"class_list":["post-6881","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-sql","tag-bazy-dannyh"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 SELECT \u0432 SQL: \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441, WHERE, ORDER BY, LIMIT, DISTINCT, \u043f\u0441\u0435\u0432\u0434\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 PostgreSQL 16 \u0438 SQLite.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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