{"id":687,"date":"2021-02-03T15:49:02","date_gmt":"2021-02-03T15:49:02","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=687"},"modified":"2021-02-03T15:51:53","modified_gmt":"2021-02-03T15:51:53","slug":"sluchajnye-velichiny-i-sredstva-abstrakcii","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/sluchajnye-velichiny-i-sredstva-abstrakcii\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/mera-i-veroyatnost\/\">\u0432 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435<\/a> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443&nbsp;<em>\u03c1(\u03c9)<\/em>, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432:&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"539\" height=\"47\" src=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_3-1.png\" alt=\"\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438\" class=\"wp-image-688\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_3-1.png 539w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_3-1-300x26.png 300w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_3-1-150x13.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 539px) 100vw, 539px\" \/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_3-1.png\",\"width\":\"539\",\"height\":\"47\"}<\/script><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"277\" height=\"44\" src=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_4.png\" alt=\"\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438\" class=\"wp-image-689\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_4.png 277w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_4-150x24.png 150w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_4-270x44.png 270w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 277px) 100vw, 277px\" \/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_4.png\",\"width\":\"277\",\"height\":\"44\"}<\/script><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0443\u0432\u044b, \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430. \u041d\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u043c \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 <strong>\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442&nbsp;<em>F<sub>\u03be<\/sub>(x) = P(\u03be &lt; x)<\/em>&nbsp;(\u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441&nbsp;<em>\u03be<\/em> \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443). \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b&nbsp;<em>\u03be<\/em>&nbsp;\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435&nbsp;<em>x<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 <strong>\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 <\/strong>\u0445\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol class=\"wp-block-list\" type=\"1\"><li>\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443&nbsp;\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439.<\/li><li>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 <em>\u0445<\/em> \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/li><li>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e&nbsp;<em>-x<\/em>&nbsp;\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e, \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043a&nbsp;\u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e, \u0430 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e&nbsp;<em>\u0445<\/em>&nbsp;\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435, \u0442\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043a&nbsp;\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043d. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u2014 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e&nbsp;<em>P<\/em> (\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u03be, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 [a;b]) \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<em> F<sub>\u03be<\/sub>(b)-F<sub>\u03be<\/sub>(a).<\/em> \u041d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 <em>a<\/em> \u0438 <em>b<\/em> \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c&nbsp;<em>d = b-a<\/em>, \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435&nbsp;<em>b = a+d<\/em>. \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e,&nbsp;<em>F<sub>\u03be<\/sub>(b)-F<sub>\u03be<\/sub>(a) = F<sub>\u03be<\/sub>(a+d) &#8212; F<sub>\u03be<\/sub>(a)<\/em>. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <em>d<\/em> \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u0442\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430 (\u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0440\u044b\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435). \u0422\u0443\u0442 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"349\" height=\"53\" src=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_1-1.png\" alt=\"\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438\" class=\"wp-image-690\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_1-1.png 349w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_1-1-300x46.png 300w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_1-1-150x23.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 349px) 100vw, 349px\" \/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_1-1.png\",\"width\":\"349\",\"height\":\"53\"}<\/script><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 <em>d<\/em> \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b&nbsp;<em>p<sub>\u03be<\/sub>(a)<\/em>, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0442 <em>d<\/em>, \u0442\u043e \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e&nbsp;<em>p<sub>\u03be<\/sub>(a)<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c: \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f (\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c&nbsp;<em>p<sub>\u03be<\/sub><\/em>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435) \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435 <em>\u0430<\/em> \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0435&nbsp;<em>\u0430<\/em>&nbsp;(\u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438&nbsp;<em>\u0430<\/em>), \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a. \u0422\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0418\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435. \u0423 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b&nbsp;<em>\u03c1(\u03c9) = \u03c1(x,y) = x<sup>2<\/sup>+y<sup>2<\/sup><\/em>, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0414\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"308\" height=\"35\" src=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_2-1.png\" alt=\"\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438\" class=\"wp-image-691\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_2-1.png 308w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_2-1-300x34.png 300w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_2-1-150x17.png 150w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_2-1-306x35.png 306w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 308px) 100vw, 308px\" \/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_2-1.png\",\"width\":\"308\",\"height\":\"35\"}<\/script><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0422\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e&nbsp;<em>{\u03c1(x,y) &lt; t)}<\/em>&nbsp;\u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438&nbsp;<em>(x,y)<\/em>, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e 0 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c&nbsp;<em>t<\/em>. \u041c\u044b \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/mera-i-veroyatnost\/\">\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/a> \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u00ab\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0443\u00bb \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <em>t<sup>2<\/sup>\/R<sup>2<\/sup><\/em><em>.<\/em> \u0421\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0434\u043b\u044f <em>0&lt;t<\/em> \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0438\u0432\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"369\" height=\"42\" src=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_5.png\" alt=\"\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438\" class=\"wp-image-692\" srcset=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_5.png 369w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_5-300x34.png 300w, https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_5-150x17.png 150w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 369px) 100vw, 369px\" \/><script type=\"application\/ld+json\">{\"@context\":\"https:\/\/schema.org\",\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Screenshot_5.png\",\"width\":\"369\",\"height\":\"42\"}<\/script><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0423 \u043d\u0430\u0441 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c&nbsp;<em>p<sub>\u03c1<\/sub><\/em><em>&nbsp;<\/em>\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430&nbsp;<em>[0,R]<\/em>&nbsp;\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0442. \u043a. \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430. \u0410 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0434\u0438\u0444\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442&nbsp;<em>t<sup>2<\/sup>\/R<sup>2<\/sup><\/em>&nbsp;\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430&nbsp;<em>2t\/R<sup>2<\/sup><\/em>. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0443&nbsp;<em>[a; b]<\/em>&nbsp;\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438&nbsp;<em>f(x)<\/em>&nbsp;\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u2014 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0438 \u041e\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043a&nbsp;<em>[a,b]<\/em>&nbsp;(\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442), \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438&nbsp;<em>(a,f(a)), (b,f(b))&nbsp;<\/em>\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438&nbsp;<em>(a,0), (b,0)<\/em>&nbsp;\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0438&nbsp;\u041e\u0445. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u2014 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438&nbsp;<em>f<\/em>&nbsp;\u043e\u0442&nbsp;<em>(a,f(a))<\/em>&nbsp;\u0434\u043e&nbsp;<em>(b,f(b))<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0443:&nbsp;<em>(-\u221e; b]<\/em>, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 <em>a<\/em> \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e <em>[a;b]<\/em>&nbsp;\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 <em>a<\/em>. \u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a&nbsp;<em>[a;+\u221e), (-\u221e,\u221e)<\/em>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f 1. \u0422\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430: \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 1. \u0412\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0432 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0435, \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043b \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em>\u041f\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u00ab<\/em><a href=\"https:\/\/tproger.ru\/articles\/probability-theory\/\"><em>\u041c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u0442\u0435\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439<\/em><\/a><em>\u00bb.<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0443\u044e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443&nbsp;\u03c1(\u03c9), \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e 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