{"id":5688,"date":"2026-09-23T03:47:08","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T03:47:08","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=5688"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:37:20","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:37:20","slug":"override-perevod-i-ispolzovanie-v-razrabotke","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/override-perevod-i-ispolzovanie-v-razrabotke\/","title":{"rendered":"Override: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0432 Java \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445"},"content":{"rendered":"

Override<\/strong> (\u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b. \u00ab\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f\u00bb) \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/strong>: \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441-\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 override<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432 Java<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 Java<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. \u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f @Override<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f: super<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. Override \u0438 overload: \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. Override \u0432 C#, Kotlin \u0438 C++<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \u0420\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Override (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435)<\/td>\n\u041d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Overload (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430)<\/td>\n\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    @Override<\/code> \u0432 Java<\/td>\n\u0410\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n\u041d\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Hiding (\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435)<\/td>\n\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/td>\n\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 override<\/h2>\n

    \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430: manual override<\/strong> — \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438; override settings<\/strong> — \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438; override a decision<\/strong> — \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b — \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e\u00bb, \u0438 \u0432 \u041e\u041e\u041f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 — \u00ab\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430\u00bb (\u044d\u0442\u043e overload).<\/p>\n

    \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432 Java<\/h2>\n

    \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440. \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b Main.java<\/code>:<\/p>\n

    class<\/span> Animal<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>sound<\/span>() {<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>\"...\"<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>speak<\/span>() {<\/span>\n        <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>getClass<\/span>().<\/span>getSimpleName<\/span>() <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>\": \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>sound<\/span>());<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\nclass<\/span> Dog<\/span> <\/span>extends<\/span> <\/span>Animal<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>@Override<\/span>\n    <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>sound<\/span>() {<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>\"\u0413\u0430\u0432\"<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\nclass<\/span> Cat<\/span> <\/span>extends<\/span> <\/span>Animal<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>@Override<\/span>\n    <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>sound<\/span>() {<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>\"\u041c\u044f\u0443\"<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\npublic<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> Main<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[]<\/span> <\/span>args<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>Animal<\/span>[]<\/span> <\/span>animals<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> { <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>Animal<\/span>(), <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>Dog<\/span>(), <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>Cat<\/span>() };<\/span>\n        <\/span>for<\/span> (<\/span>Animal<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span> : <\/span>animals<\/span>) {<\/span>\n            <\/span>a<\/span>.<\/span>speak<\/span>();<\/span>\n        }<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a javac Main.java && java Main<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438:<\/p>\n
    Animal: ...\nDog: \u0413\u0430\u0432\nCat: \u041c\u044f\u0443\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 speak()<\/code> \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 Animal<\/code> \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 sound()<\/code>. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0435 Animal[]<\/code>, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435 sound()<\/code> Java \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u0438\u0437\u043c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n
    \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 Java<\/h2>\n
    \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n
      \n
    1. \u0422\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0438 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/strong> \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430.<\/li>\n
    2. \u0422\u0438\u043f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/strong> — \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 (\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442): \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 Animal copy()<\/code> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a Dog copy()<\/code>. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 — \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f.<\/li>\n
    3. \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/strong> public<\/code> \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a protected<\/code> — \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n
    4. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong> (checked) — \u043d\u0435 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0443 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u041d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 (RuntimeException<\/code> \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438) \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n
    5. \u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/strong>: final<\/code>-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e), private<\/code>-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b (\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c), \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b. static<\/code>-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f: \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
      \u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f @Override<\/h2>\n
      @Override<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0435. \u0415\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 — \u0437\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0421 Java 6 \u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n
      \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442, — equals<\/code> \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n
      \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e:<\/strong><\/p>\n
      import<\/span> <\/span>java.util.HashSet<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.util.Objects<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.util.Set<\/span>;<\/span>\n\nclass<\/span> Point<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>x<\/span>, <\/span>y<\/span>;<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>Point<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>x<\/span>, <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>y<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>x<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>x<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>y<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>\/\/ \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 Point, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 Object - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>boolean<\/span> <\/span>equals<\/span>(<\/span>Point<\/span> <\/span>other<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>other<\/span> <\/span>!=<\/span> <\/span>null<\/span> <\/span>&&<\/span> <\/span>x<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>other<\/span>.<\/span>x<\/span> <\/span>&&<\/span> <\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>other<\/span>.<\/span>y<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>@Override<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>hashCode<\/span>() {<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>Objects<\/span>.<\/span>hash<\/span>(<\/span>x<\/span>, <\/span>y<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\npublic<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> Main<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[]<\/span> <\/span>args<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>Set<\/span><<\/span>Point<\/span>><\/span> <\/span>set<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>HashSet<\/span><><\/span>();<\/span>\n        <\/span>set<\/span>.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>Point<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>));<\/span>\n        <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>set<\/span>.<\/span>contains<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>Point<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>)));<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442:<\/strong> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 false<\/code>. HashSet<\/code> \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 equals(Object)<\/code>, \u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b, \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 Object<\/code>, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438. equals(Point)<\/code> — \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n
      \u0421 @Override<\/code> \u043d\u0430\u0434 equals(Point)<\/code> javac \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443: method does not override or implement a method from a supertype<\/code>.<\/p>\n
      \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> — \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 (\u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0432 instanceof<\/code> \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0441 Java 16):<\/p>\n
          <\/span>@Override<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>boolean<\/span> <\/span>equals<\/span>(<\/span>Object<\/span> <\/span>o<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>this<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>o<\/span>) <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>true<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>(<\/span>o<\/span> <\/span>instanceof<\/span> <\/span>Point<\/span> <\/span>other<\/span>)) <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>false<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>x<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>other<\/span>.<\/span>x<\/span> <\/span>&&<\/span> <\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>other<\/span>.<\/span>y<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c set.contains(new Point(1, 2))<\/code> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 true<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c @Override<\/code> \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, IDE \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442.<\/p>\n
      \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f: super<\/h2>\n
      \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 super.\u0438\u043c\u044f\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430()<\/code> \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n
      class<\/span> Logger<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>msg<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"[LOG] \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>msg<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\nclass<\/span> PrefixLogger<\/span> <\/span>extends<\/span> <\/span>Logger<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>@Override<\/span>\n    <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>msg<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>super<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>\"app: \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>msg<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\npublic<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> Main<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[]<\/span> <\/span>args<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>Logger<\/span> <\/span>logger<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>PrefixLogger<\/span>();<\/span>\n        <\/span>logger<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: [LOG] app: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442<\/code>: \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 PrefixLogger<\/code> \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 Logger<\/code>.<\/p>\n
      Override \u0438 overload: \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a<\/th>\nOverride (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435)<\/th>\nOverload (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      \u0413\u0434\u0435<\/td>\n\u0412 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 (\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0418\u043c\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n\u0422\u043e \u0436\u0435<\/td>\n\u0422\u043e \u0436\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b<\/td>\n\u0422\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a<\/td>\n\u041e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0422\u0438\u043f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n\u0422\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0438\u043f<\/td>\n\u041b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443<\/td>\n\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/td>\nDog.sound()<\/code> \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e Animal.sound()<\/code><\/td>\nprint(int)<\/code> \u0438 print(String)<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435: \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 — \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c — \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n
      Override \u0432 C#, Kotlin \u0438 C++<\/h2>\n
      \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a<\/th>\n\u0420\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n\u041d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      Java<\/td>\n\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u0435 final<\/code>, \u043d\u0435 private<\/code> \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/td>\n@Override<\/code> — \u043f\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C#<\/td>\n\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e virtual<\/code>, abstract<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 override<\/code><\/td>\noverride<\/code> — \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n\u0411\u0435\u0437 override<\/code> \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 (\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e — new<\/code>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Kotlin<\/td>\n\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e open<\/code>, abstract<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 override<\/code> (\u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b)<\/td>\noverride<\/code> — \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      C++<\/td>\n\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e virtual<\/code><\/td>\n\u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 override<\/code> (\u0441 C++11) — \u043f\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n\u041e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      \u0412 C#<\/strong> \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 override<\/code> \u0438 new<\/code> \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435:<\/p>\n
      Animal<\/span> <\/span>d<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>Dog<\/span>();<\/span>\nAnimal<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>Cat<\/span>();<\/span>\nConsole<\/span>.<\/span>WriteLine<\/span>(<\/span>d<\/span>.<\/span>Sound<\/span>()); <\/span>\/\/ \u0413\u0430\u0432 - \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span>\nConsole<\/span>.<\/span>WriteLine<\/span>(<\/span>c<\/span>.<\/span>Sound<\/span>()); <\/span>\/\/ ... - new \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434<\/span>\n\nclass<\/span> <\/span>Animal<\/span> { <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>virtual<\/span> <\/span>string<\/span> <\/span>Sound<\/span>() <\/span>=><\/span> <\/span>\"...\"<\/span>; }<\/span>\nclass<\/span> <\/span>Dog<\/span> : <\/span>Animal<\/span> { <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>override<\/span> <\/span>string<\/span> <\/span>Sound<\/span>() <\/span>=><\/span> <\/span>\"\u0413\u0430\u0432\"<\/span>; }<\/span>\nclass<\/span> <\/span>Cat<\/span> : <\/span>Animal<\/span> { <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>string<\/span> <\/span>Sound<\/span>() <\/span>=><\/span> <\/span>\"\u041c\u044f\u0443\"<\/span>; }<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0412 Kotlin<\/strong> \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 open fun sound()<\/code>, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a — override fun sound()<\/code>.<\/p>\n
      \u0412 C++<\/strong> \u0431\u0435\u0437 override<\/code> \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435. \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442: \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442 const<\/code>.<\/p>\n
      #include<\/span> <\/span><iostream><\/span>\n#include<\/span> <\/span><memory><\/span>\n#include<\/span> <\/span><vector><\/span>\n\nstruct<\/span> <\/span>Shape<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>virtual<\/span> <\/span>~<\/span>Shape<\/span>() <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>default<\/span>;<\/span>\n    <\/span>virtual<\/span> <\/span>double<\/span> <\/span>area<\/span>() <\/span>const<\/span> { <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>0.0<\/span>; }<\/span>\n};<\/span>\n\nstruct<\/span> <\/span>Rect<\/span> <\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>Shape<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>double<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span>, <\/span>h<\/span>;<\/span>\n    <\/span>Rect<\/span>(<\/span>double<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span>, <\/span>double<\/span> <\/span>h<\/span>) <\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span>(<\/span>w<\/span>), <\/span>h<\/span>(<\/span>h<\/span>) {}<\/span>\n    <\/span>double<\/span> <\/span>area<\/span>() <\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>override<\/span> { <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>w<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span> <\/span>h<\/span>; }<\/span>\n};<\/span>\n\nstruct<\/span> <\/span>Circle<\/span> <\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>Shape<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>double<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>;<\/span>\n    <\/span>explicit<\/span> <\/span>Circle<\/span>(<\/span>double<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>) <\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>(<\/span>r<\/span>) {}<\/span>\n    <\/span>double<\/span> <\/span>area<\/span>() { <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>3.14159<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>; } <\/span>\/\/ \u043d\u0435\u0442 const - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434<\/span>\n};<\/span>\n\nint<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>() {<\/span>\n    <\/span>std<\/span>::<\/span>vector<\/span><<\/span>std<\/span>::<\/span>unique_ptr<\/span><<\/span>Shape<\/span>>><\/span> <\/span>shapes<\/span>;<\/span>\n    <\/span>shapes<\/span>.<\/span>push_back<\/span>(<\/span>std<\/span>::<\/span>make_unique<\/span><<\/span>Rect<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>2<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>));<\/span>\n    <\/span>shapes<\/span>.<\/span>push_back<\/span>(<\/span>std<\/span>::<\/span>make_unique<\/span><<\/span>Circle<\/span>><\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>));<\/span>\n    <\/span>for<\/span> (<\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>auto<\/span>&<\/span> <\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>shapes<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>std<\/span>::<\/span>cout<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>s<\/span>-><\/span>area<\/span>() <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>\"\\n\"<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442:<\/strong> \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f 6<\/code>, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c 0<\/code>. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f Shape<\/code>: Circle::area()<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 const<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0432 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (Clang \u0441 -Wall<\/code>: hides overloaded virtual function<\/code>).<\/p>\n
      \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/strong> double area() const override { return 3.14159 * r * r; }<\/code>, \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 6<\/code> \u0438 3.14159<\/code>. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c const<\/code>, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c override<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, Clang: non-virtual member function marked 'override' hides virtual member function<\/code>, \u0443 GCC \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435.<\/p>\n
      \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/h2>\n