{"id":5392,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=5392"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:27:36","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:27:36","slug":"yazyk-programmirovaniya-r","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/yazyk-programmirovaniya-r\/","title":{"rendered":"\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f R: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>R<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 R \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440: \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438. R \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GNU GPL \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 Windows, macOS \u0438 Linux.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: R, RStudio, CRAN, \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a R<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c R \u0438 RStudio<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 R<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b: data.frame \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c R: \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0438 t-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b: \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s12\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 R \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0435\u043c R \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 RStudio, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 R 4.3.3, \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2026 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 R 4.6 (4.6.1 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u0435 2026); \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439 4.4-4.6 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: R, RStudio, CRAN, \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442<\/h2>\n<p>\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0445.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>R<\/td>\n<td>\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440: \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430, \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>RStudio<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 (IDE) \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Posit: \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c, \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e R<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430, \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CRAN<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432 R: \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0438 R \u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0442, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442-\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e R (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ggplot2<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432)<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">install.packages()<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435: RStudio \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e R \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 &#8212; \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 R, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c IDE.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a R<\/h2>\n<p>R \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0441\u0441 \u0410\u0439\u0445\u044d\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0420\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442 \u0414\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043b\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u041e\u043a\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 1990-\u0445 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 S. \u041e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0434\u0435 R \u0441\u0438\u043b\u0435\u043d:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b.<\/strong> \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438, t-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b, \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437, A\/B-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b &#8212; \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b.<\/strong> \u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">data.frame<\/code>), \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0438; \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0412\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f.<\/strong> \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ggplot2<\/code> &#8212; \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0430\u0443\u043a\u0430.<\/strong> \u0411\u0438\u043e\u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 (\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 Bioconductor), \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u044d\u043f\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043c\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0413\u0434\u0435 R \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442: \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434, \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u0433\u0440\u044b, \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b. \u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 R \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">shiny<\/code>) \u0438\u043b\u0438 API, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0448\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0430\u0448\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<h3>R \u0438\u043b\u0438 Python \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/h3>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u00ab\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u00bb.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437, \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f<\/td>\n<td>R<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<td>Python \u0438\u043b\u0438 R<\/td>\n<td>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b: SQL + Python \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0435<\/td>\n<td>Python<\/td>\n<td>\u042d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 ML \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<td>R (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ggplot2<\/code>) \u0438\u043b\u0438 Python<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0432 R \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c R \u0438 RStudio<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c R.<\/strong> \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 CRAN (\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cran.r-project.org<\/code>) \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u041e\u0421. Windows: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b base, \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a. macOS: \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.pkg<\/code>, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f Mac \u043d\u0430 Apple Silicon (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u044b M-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">arm64<\/code>) \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f Intel (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">x86_64<\/code>) \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435. Linux (Ubuntu\/Debian): <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sudo apt install r-base<\/code> &#8212; \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0443\u044e \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 apt-\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 CRAN.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c.<\/strong> \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 R (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">R<\/code>) \u0438 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">R.version.string<\/code> &#8212; \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c RStudio Desktop<\/strong> \u0441 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 Posit (\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f). \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 RStudio \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 R.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442.<\/strong> \u0412 RStudio: File -&gt; New Project -&gt; New Directory. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0443, \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 R (4.4, 4.5 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0435) \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434, \u0432\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0439. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 4.x: \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 R<\/h2>\n<p>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c) \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 RStudio:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;-<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">12<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">15<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">20<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">14<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mean<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">13<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">length<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">[1] 4\n[1] 24 30 18 40 28\n[1] 14\n[1] 12\n[1] 15 20 14\n[1] 5\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;-<\/code> &#8212; \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">=<\/code> \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;-<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">c()<\/code> \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 <strong>\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/strong> &#8212; \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 R. \u0414\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b 1, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">[1]<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430).<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">x * 2<\/code> \u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432 R \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n<li>\u0418\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 1, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441 0, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 Python \u0438\u043b\u0438 C: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">x[1]<\/code> &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">x[x &gt; 13]<\/code> &#8212; \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440: \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 TRUE\/FALSE, \u0438 R \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0433\u0434\u0435 TRUE.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0421\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">?mean<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">help(mean)<\/code>, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435 Help.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b: data.frame \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 R \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">data.frame<\/code> &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430. \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0434\u0438\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sales.csv<\/code> \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">city,orders,cheque\n\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430,120,1500\n\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c,45,1200\n\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430,98,1650\n\u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044c,30,1100\n\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c,61,1250\n\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430,110,1580\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">analysis.R<\/code> (\u0432 RStudio: File -&gt; New File -&gt; R Script, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 &#8212; \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 Source):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># analysis.R - \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 R<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sales<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;-<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">read.csv<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"sales.csv\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">encoding<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"UTF-8\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">str<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sales<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;-<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">aggregate<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">orders<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">~<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sales<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">FUN<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sum<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;-<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">order<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_city<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">$<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">orders<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">), ]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">png<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"orders_by_city.png\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">width<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">800<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">height<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">500<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">barplot<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_city<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">$<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">orders<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">names.arg<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">by_city<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">$<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">city<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ylab<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0417\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">invisible<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">dev.off<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">cat<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">file.exists<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"orders_by_city.png\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">), <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">&#x27;data.frame&#x27;:   6 obs. of  3 variables:\n $ city  : chr  &quot;\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430&quot; &quot;\u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c&quot; &quot;\u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430&quot; &quot;\u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044c&quot; ...\n $ orders: int  120 45 98 30 61 110\n $ cheque: int  1500 1200 1650 1100 1250 1580\n    city orders\n2 \u041c\u043e\u0441\u043a\u0432\u0430    328\n1 \u041a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044c    106\n3  \u041f\u0435\u0440\u043c\u044c     30\n\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d: TRUE\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">str()<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443: 6 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a, 3 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">chr<\/code> &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int<\/code> &#8212; \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435). <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">aggregate()<\/code> \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">order(-...)<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0412 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">orders_by_city.png<\/code> \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043e\u0439. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442: \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 -&gt; \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430 -&gt; \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c R: \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0438 t-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 R \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mtcars<\/code> &#8212; 32 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044f \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mpg<\/code>), \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0439 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">wt<\/code>), \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0438 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">am<\/code>: 0 &#8212; \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442, 1 &#8212; \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430).<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">model<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;-<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">lm<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">mpg<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">~<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">wt<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">mtcars<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">coef<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">model<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">summary<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">model<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">$<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r.squared<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">t.test<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">mpg<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">~<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">am<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">mtcars<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">$<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">p.value<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">(Intercept)          wt \n  37.285126   -5.344472 \n[1] 0.7528328\n[1] 0.001373638\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">lm()<\/code> \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044e: \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 5.3 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u043b\u043b\u043e\u043d, \u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 75% \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 (R-\u043a\u0432\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0442). <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">t.test()<\/code> \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0443 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a; p-value \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 0.0014 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0437 32 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442. \u0420\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0435\u0435. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mpg ~ wt<\/code> (\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0430 \u00ab\u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c ~ \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u00bb) \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 R \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443: \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">lm()<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">t.test()<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">aggregate()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b: \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">install.packages<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"ggplot2\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)  <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 CRAN, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">library<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ggplot2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)             <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ggplot2<\/code> (\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dplyr<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">tidyr<\/code> (\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">readr<\/code> (\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">data.table<\/code> (\u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438). \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">tidyverse<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430.<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">ggplot<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">mtcars<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">Error in ggplot(mtcars) : could not find function &quot;ggplot&quot;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">library(ggplot2)<\/code>. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">there is no package called \u2018ggplot2\u2019<\/code> (R \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0438), \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d &#8212; \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">install.packages(\"ggplot2\")<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438 NA \u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442.<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">temps<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;-<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">21.5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">23.0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">NA<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">19.8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mean<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">temps<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">mean<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">temps<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">na.rm<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">TRUE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">[1] NA\n[1] 21.43333\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0440\u0438\u0444\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NA<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NA<\/code>. \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">na.rm = TRUE<\/code> \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435: \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0445 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sum(is.na(temps))<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u0442\u0438\u043f.<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;-<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"2\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">as.numeric<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"10\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"7,5\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"abc\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">[1] &quot;character&quot;\n[1] 10 NA NA\nWarning message:\nNAs introduced by coercion \n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0442\u0438\u043f, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u0410 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u00ab7,5\u00bb \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NA<\/code>: R \u0436\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443. \u0414\u043b\u044f CSV \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u00ab;\u00bb \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">read.csv2()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u044b.<\/strong> <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">1:6 + 1:4<\/code> \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">longer object length is not a multiple of shorter object length<\/code>: \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 R &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u044c, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>RStudio \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0430 R.<\/strong> R \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 RStudio &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c R \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c RStudio (\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 Tools -&gt; Global Options -&gt; General).<\/li>\n<li><strong><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cannot open file 'sales.csv'<\/code>.<\/strong> \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">getwd()<\/code>, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u00ab\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044b\u00bb.<\/strong> \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0432 UTF-8: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 UTF-8 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">read.csv(..., fileEncoding = \"cp1251\")<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">install.packages()<\/code> \u043d\u0430 Linux \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/strong> \u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">libcurl4-openssl-dev<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">libxml2-dev<\/code> \u0432 Ubuntu). \u041d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>R &#8212; \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432; RStudio &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f IDE, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e R \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430: \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 R \u0441 CRAN, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c RStudio Desktop, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432 RStudio \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c.<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;-<\/code>, \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u044b \u0441 1, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">data.frame<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446.<\/li>\n<li>\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f, t-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c R \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432; \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">install.packages()<\/code> \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">library()<\/code> \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NA<\/code> \u0432 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>R \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0433\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0437. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 R \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0435 \u0441 SQL \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 BI-\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e &#8212; \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/data-analyst\/?int_article=yazyk-programmirovaniya-r&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00ab\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u043a \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445\u00bb<\/a>. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=yazyk-programmirovaniya-r&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s12\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c R?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446 &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f, p-value, \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>R \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0412\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 R \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c C \u0438 Fortran. \u041c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044b \u043f\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">data.table<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c R \u0438\u0437 Python \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430: \u0438\u0437 Python &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rpy2<\/code>, \u0438\u0437 R &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">reticulate<\/code>. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>R &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 R \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440: \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438. R \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0435\u0439 GNU GPL \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 Windows, macOS \u0438 Linux. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: R, RStudio, CRAN, \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":5393,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[248,249,221],"class_list":["post-5392","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-r","tag-analiz-dannyh-2","tag-sistemnyj-analiz"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a R \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445: \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f R \u043e\u0442 RStudio, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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