{"id":5385,"date":"2026-09-30T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=5385"},"modified":"2026-09-30T12:29:22","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T12:29:22","slug":"c-i-kljuchevoe-slovo-static","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/c-i-kljuchevoe-slovo-static\/","title":{"rendered":"Static \u0432 C#: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Static \u0432 C#<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0438\u043f, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Math.Max(1, 2)<\/code>) \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code>. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b: \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 static<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0418\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c static, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u0439, \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/strong> &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434<\/strong> &#8212; \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/strong> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/strong> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/strong> &#8212; \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d 30.09.2026 \u043d\u0430 .NET SDK 10.0.401 (C# 14), \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 SDK.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b: \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/h2>\n<p>\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dotnet run ex1.cs<\/code> (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 .NET 10; \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Program.cs<\/code> \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430).<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Order<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Created<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);          <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 0 - \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Order<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Order<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043b\u0430\u043c\u043f\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"{a.Id} {b.Id}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);       <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 1 2<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Order<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Created<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);          <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 2<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Order<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">FormatId<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ ORD-0002<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Order<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Created<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435: \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0438\u043f<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;               <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430: \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Order<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Created<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">++<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Created<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434: \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">FormatId<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"ORD-{id:D4}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">1 2<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">2<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ORD-0002<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Created<\/code> \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Order.Created<\/code>. \u041e\u0431\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code> \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 2. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Id<\/code> \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FormatId<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435: \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b, \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443 &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 static<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code><\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043f, \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Order.Created<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code>, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Order.FormatId(2)<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Settings.AppName<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043b\u044f\u043c\u0431\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0420\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code> \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">const<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static readonly<\/code>, \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">const<\/code> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static readonly<\/code> &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 (\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430), \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">readonly<\/code>: \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435. \u0412 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static readonly List&lt;int&gt;<\/code> \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0432\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0443 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044b \u00ab\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u00bb. \u0412 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430: \u0434\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static class Counter&lt;T&gt; { public static int Hits; }<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Counter&lt;int&gt;.Hits<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Counter&lt;string&gt;.Hits<\/code> &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u0410 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0441 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">[ThreadStatic]<\/code> \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Math<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">File<\/code>) \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Settings<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">MaxRetries<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Settings<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">AppName<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Settings<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">AppName<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Shorten<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">6<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Settings<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">MaxRetries<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">readonly<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">AppName<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Load<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"AppName\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">readonly<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DateTime<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StartedAt<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Settings<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StartedAt<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DateTime<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UtcNow<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Load<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f {key}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"demo\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Shorten<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">max<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Length<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">max<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">?<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> : <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[..<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">max<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">] <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"...\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\n3\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e\n\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f AppName\n\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\ndemo\ndemo\n\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442...\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0427\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">const<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430: \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">AppName<\/code> \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0423 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d, \u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f; \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u0444\u0444\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 (\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b) \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Shorten<\/code> &#8212; \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0445, \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0412 C# 14 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">extension<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430-\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f; \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Cart<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">MathTools<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Cart<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Cart<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">MathTools<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Twice<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">err.cs(10,34): error CS0120: An object reference is required for the non-static field, method, or property &#x27;Cart.items&#x27;\nerr.cs(11,34): error CS0026: Keyword &#x27;this&#x27; is not valid in a static property, static method, or static field initializer\nerr.cs(4,19): error CS0176: Member &#x27;Cart.Count()&#x27; cannot be accessed with an instance reference; qualify it with a type name instead\nerr.cs(5,9): error CS0712: Cannot create an instance of the static class &#x27;MathTools&#x27;\nerr.cs(5,1): error CS0723: Cannot declare a variable of static type &#x27;MathTools&#x27;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>CS0120<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044e \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430. \u0423 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0435\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">items<\/code> \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CS0026<\/strong> &#8212; \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CS0176<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e-\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442. \u0412 C#, \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 Java, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430.<\/li>\n<li><strong>CS0712<\/strong> \u0438 <strong>CS0723<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u043d \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Cart<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());          <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 3<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Cart<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));      <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 3<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">MathTools<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Twice<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">21<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 42<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Cart<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;                   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 - \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Cart<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cart<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cart<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">MathTools<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Twice<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">3<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">3<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">42<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u041b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code> (\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0441 C# 8) \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">rate<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">20<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">AddTax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">rate<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">AddTax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">500<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">local.cs(4,49): error CS8421: A static local function cannot contain a reference to &#x27;rate&#x27;.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">rate<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">20<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">AddTax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">rate<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">rate<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">AddTax<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">500<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">rate<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 600<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f: \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442, \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430-\u0437\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044f\u043c\u0431\u0434: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static x =&gt; x * 2<\/code> (\u0441 C# 9).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b (\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">[ThreadStatic]<\/code>). \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System.Threading<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System.Threading.Tasks<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Parallel<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">For<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_000_000<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Stats<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">HitUnsafe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Parallel<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">For<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_000_000<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Stats<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">HitSafe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: {Stats.UnsafeHits}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"Interlocked:       {Stats.SafeHits}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Stats<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UnsafeHits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">safeHits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SafeHits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Volatile<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Read<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ref<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">safeHits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">HitUnsafe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UnsafeHits<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">++<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;                       <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, +1, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c - \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">HitSafe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Interlocked<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Increment<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ref<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">safeHits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);  <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u0433<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u044f\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: 754274\nInterlocked:       1000000\n\n\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: 940771\nInterlocked:       1000000\n\n\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: 1000000\nInterlocked:       1000000\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u044f\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438. \u0412 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c &#8212; \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">UnsafeHits++<\/code> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c; \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u044b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Interlocked.Increment<\/code>;<\/li>\n<li>\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">lock<\/code> \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static readonly object<\/code>;<\/li>\n<li>\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ConcurrentDictionary<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ConcurrentQueue<\/code>;<\/li>\n<li>\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0421\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043a \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0418\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">++<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Config<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Port<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">); }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Exception<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"{i}: {e.GetType().Name} -&gt; {e.InnerException?.GetType().Name}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Config<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">readonly<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Port<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Parse<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Config<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 Config\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">); }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">1: TypeInitializationException -&gt; FormatException\n2: TypeInitializationException -&gt; FormatException\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">TypeInitializationException<\/code>, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">InnerException<\/code>. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435: \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435. \u041e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e: \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a; \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c static, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0424\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442, \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430)<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">const<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static readonly<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5)<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0443\u0436\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c<\/td>\n<td>\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u0435\u0448, \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a, \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430. \u0418\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f: \u0435\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430, \u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0449\u0438\u043a \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442, \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, &#8212; \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043a \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code> \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u0418\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b, \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430 &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 (\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 CS0120).<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439; \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">TypeInitializationException<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043b\u044f\u043c\u0431\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0445.<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">const<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static readonly<\/code>, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438) \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430; \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code> \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b: \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Console.WriteLine<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Math<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int.Parse<\/code> &#8212; \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b. \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f LINQ, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 &#8212; \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u041e\u041e\u041f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/c-sharp-basic\/?int_article=c-i-kljuchevoe-slovo-static&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00abC#-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb<\/a>. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=c-i-kljuchevoe-slovo-static&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Main<\/code> \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0412 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Main<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d, \u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">object<\/code> \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0411\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u0445?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441 C# 8, \u0430 \u0441 C# 11 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static abstract<\/code> \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">INumber&lt;T&gt;<\/code> \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b). \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Static \u0432 C# &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0442\u0438\u043f, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 (Math.Max(1, 2)) \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 this. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 new. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b: \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0427\u0442\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":5386,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[81],"class_list":["post-5385","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-c-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 static \u0432 C#: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b 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