{"id":5243,"date":"2026-09-30T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=5243"},"modified":"2026-09-30T12:29:42","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T12:29:42","slug":"vidy-obektov-fajlovoj-sistemy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/vidy-obektov-fajlovoj-sistemy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b &#8212; \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438: \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e <strong>\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/strong>. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435, \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 SSD (\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u044f\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c), \u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u0412 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0445: \u00ab\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435\u00bb \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb (\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b: \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f). \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 &#8212; \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435: \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u0416\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0410\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435: \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438, \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0438 \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 Ubuntu 24.04 (bash 5.2, GNU coreutils 9.4) 30 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/strong> &#8212; \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e \u043d\u0438\u0445 (\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0418\u043c\u044f<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b. \u0412 Linux \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435, \u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 (\u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430)<\/strong> &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u00ab\u0438\u043c\u044f -&gt; \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u00bb. \u00ab\u041f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430\u00bb &#8212; \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430<\/strong> &#8212; \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 (\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443 (\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412 Linux \u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 Linux \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ls -l<\/code>.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ls -l<\/code><\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">-<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435: \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">note.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">d<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/home<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">l<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">soft.txt -&gt; note.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">c<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043c<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/dev\/null<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/dev\/tty<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0411\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">b<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/dev\/sda<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b (FIFO)<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">p<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u0440\u0443\u0431\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mkfifo<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">s<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/run<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0416\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f, \u0430 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430. \u0412 Windows \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0435\u0435: \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 NTFS, \u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435: \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mktemp<\/code>, \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u0412\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">box<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">$(<\/span>mktemp<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-d<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>\/tmp\/fsobj.XXXXXX<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">cd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$box<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">printf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'privet\\n'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>&gt;<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>note.txt\nmkdir<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>docs\nln<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>note.txt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>hard.txt\nln<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-s<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>note.txt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>soft.txt\nmkfifo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>pipe\nls<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-li<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0435, \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">total 12\n680616 drwxr-xr-x 2 root root 4096 Sep 30 11:44 docs\n680615 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root    7 Sep 30 11:44 hard.txt\n680615 -rw-r--r-- 2 root root    7 Sep 30 11:44 note.txt\n680646 prw-r--r-- 1 root root    0 Sep 30 11:44 pipe\n680619 lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root    8 Sep 30 11:44 soft.txt -&gt; note.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 (inode), \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435. \u0423 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">note.txt<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">hard.txt<\/code> \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 &#8212; \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a. \u0423 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d 2.<\/li>\n<li>\u0423 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">soft.txt<\/code> \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 inode \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 8 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442: \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">note.txt<\/code>, \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<li>\u0423 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">docs<\/code> \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a 2: \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.<\/code> \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 ext4; \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, Btrfs) \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0422\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">stat<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">stat<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-c<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'%n: %F, inode %i, \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a %h'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>note.txt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>hard.txt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>soft.txt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>docs<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>pipe<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>\/dev\/null<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">note.txt: regular file, inode 680615, \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a 2\nhard.txt: regular file, inode 680615, \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a 2\nsoft.txt: symbolic link, inode 680619, \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a 1\ndocs: directory, inode 680616, \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a 2\npipe: fifo, inode 680646, \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a 1\n\/dev\/null: character special file, inode 5, \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a 1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u0416\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">rm<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>note.txt\ncat<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>hard.txt\ncat<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>soft.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">privet\ncat: soft.txt: No such file or directory\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0416\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rm<\/code> \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b \u0441 2 \u0434\u043e 1, \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c. \u0421\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u00bb: \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">ln<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-sf<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>hard.txt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>soft.txt\ncat<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>soft.txt<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">privet\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u0416\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/td>\n<td>\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439 inode<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0442, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u043c<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b (\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443)<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433<\/td>\n<td>\u0412 Linux \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<td>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">ln<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>docs<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>docs2<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">ln: docs: hard link not allowed for directory\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 Windows \u043d\u0430 NTFS \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a (\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mklink<\/code> \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cmd<\/code>, \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/H<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439), \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432. \u0416\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432, \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 (Windows 10 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 1703 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0435, Windows 11). <strong>\u042f\u0440\u043b\u044b\u043a<\/strong> <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.lnk<\/code> \u043a \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e, \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0440\u043b\u044b\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 Linux \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/dev<\/code>, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">ls<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-l<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>\/dev\/null<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>\/dev\/tty<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">crw-rw-rw- 1 root root 1, 3 Sep 30 11:44 \/dev\/null\ncrw-rw-rw- 1 root root 5, 0 Sep 30 11:44 \/dev\/tty\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0438\u043c \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0421\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">c<\/code>) \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/dev\/null<\/code>. \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">b<\/code>) \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">root<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/th>\n<th>Linux (ext4)<\/th>\n<th>Windows (NTFS)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/<\/code> \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\\ \/ : * ? \" &lt; &gt;<\/code>, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0430, \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 0-31<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/td>\n<td>255 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442<\/td>\n<td>255 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 (\u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446 UTF-16)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">a.txt<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">A.txt<\/code> &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0417\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">..<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">CON<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">PRN<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">AUX<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NUL<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">COM1<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LPT1<\/code> \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\\<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b. \u0412 Linux \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0432 UTF-8 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435 255 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">touch<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">$(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">printf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u044f%.0s'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">$(<\/span>seq<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">127<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">))<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">echo<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"127 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432: \u043a\u043e\u0434 <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$?<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"<\/span>\ntouch<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">$(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">printf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u044f%.0s'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">$(<\/span>seq<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">128<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">))<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span>&gt;\/dev\/null<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">echo<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"128 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432: \u043a\u043e\u0434 <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$?<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">127 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432: \u043a\u043e\u0434 0\n128 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432: \u043a\u043e\u0434 1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">touch<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">File name too long<\/code>: 128 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e 256 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.txt<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.jpg<\/code>) &#8212; \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e. Windows \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u0412 Linux \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.exe<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0410\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0410\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u041e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0412 Linux \u0432 inode \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0438\u043f, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430, \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e inode. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0442 &#8212; \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>\u0412 Windows \u0443 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u00ab\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb, \u00ab\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439\u00bb, \u00ab\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb, \u00ab\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb, \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0430 NTFS &#8212; \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430: \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ctime<\/code> \u0432 Linux &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430. \u0412\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">${box:?}<\/code> \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">cd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>\/<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>rm<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-r<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>--<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"${<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">box<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">:?<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}\"<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b; \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435: \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438, \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u0432 Linux \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b.<\/li>\n<li>\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438: \u0432 Linux \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435, \u0438 \u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e.<\/li>\n<li>\u0416\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430, \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: 255 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0432 ext4 \u0438 255 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446 UTF-16 \u0432 NTFS &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u041f\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0443 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ls -l<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e; \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439; \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f; \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/dev<\/code> \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/linux-basic\/?int_article=vidy-obektov-fajlovoj-sistemy&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb<\/a>. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=vidy-obektov-fajlovoj-sistemy&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: <a href=\"\/journal\/fajlovye-sistemy\/\">\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/a>, <a href=\"\/journal\/fajly-i-puti-k-nim\/\">\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u0432 Linux \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u00bb?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441 inode, \u043d\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 &#8212; \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d, \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f: \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435\u0442. \u0416\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 inode, \u0430 \u043d\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f inode \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f. \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0443?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0438: FAT32 \u0438 exFAT \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435, \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 SSD (\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u044f\u044f, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c), \u0438 \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u0412 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0445: \u00ab\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435\u00bb \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":5244,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[180],"class_list":["post-5243","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-sistemnoe-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432, \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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