{"id":5093,"date":"2026-09-14T13:34:44","date_gmt":"2026-09-14T13:34:44","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=5093"},"modified":"2026-09-25T12:28:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T12:28:24","slug":"destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 C++: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 C++, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 (\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439). \u0423 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0434\u044b: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">~ClassName<\/code>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440: \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 RAII<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438. \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 &#8212; C++, \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 (\u041e\u041e\u041f).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 &#8212; \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 (\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b), \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u0418\u0445 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/th>\n<th>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u043c\u044f<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ClassName<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">~ClassName<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0410\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430, \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0412\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c: \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043c. \u0412\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441 \u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Buffer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">~<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Buffer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">};<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439. \u041e\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f-\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::string<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::vector<\/code>), \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">fopen<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b. \u0420\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441 &#8212; \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 &#8212; \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438;<\/li>\n<li>\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">delete<\/code> (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">delete[]<\/code>);<\/li>\n<li>\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b;<\/li>\n<li>\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a;<\/li>\n<li>\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435-\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0435\u043c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 (\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e): \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::exit()<\/code> \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::abort()<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435. \u041d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 &#8212; \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/h2>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">g++ -std=c++17 demo.cpp -o demo<\/code>). \u041e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430: \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">delete<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">main<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;iostream&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;string&gt;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Logger<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Logger<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name_<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cout<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"Constructor: \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name_<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">~<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Logger<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {                                        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cout<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"Destructor:  \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name_<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">private<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name_<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">};<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Logger<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"A\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);                 <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435, \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 main<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Logger<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"B\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);             <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }                              <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ &lt;- \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f b<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Logger<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Logger<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"C\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">delete<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;                      <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ &lt;- \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f c<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}                                  <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ &lt;- \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f a<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">Constructor: A\nConstructor: B\nDestructor:  B\nConstructor: C\nDestructor:  C\nDestructor:  A\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">a<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c &#8212; \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">main<\/code>. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">b<\/code> \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0435. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">c<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code> \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c &#8212; \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">delete c<\/code>. \u0412 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">a<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0438 \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440: \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 RAII<\/h2>\n<p>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 &#8212; \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043c\u0430 <strong>RAII<\/strong> (Resource Acquisition Is Initialization): \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b: \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">delete<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">fclose<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">unlock<\/code> \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 &#8212; \u0437\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::string<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::vector<\/code> \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::unique_ptr<\/code> \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">delete<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::lock_guard<\/code> \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n<p><strong>1. \u041e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430.<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442-\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 &#8212; \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">struct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    { <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">~<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()    { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cout<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"~Base\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; } };<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">struct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Derived<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">~<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Derived<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cout<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"~Derived\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; } };<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">p<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Derived<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">delete<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">p<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: ~Base     (~Derived \u041d\u0415 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d, \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0438)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u0438\u0437\u043c &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430; \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442: \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">virtual ~Base()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">struct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">virtual<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">~<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cout<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"~Base\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; } };<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c delete p; \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442: ~Derived, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c ~Base<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>2. \u0414\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0441 \u0441\u044b\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c.<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code>, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a, \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">delete<\/code> \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">IntArray<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">IntArray<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e: b.m_array \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 delete[] \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: free(): double free detected ... -&gt; \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e <strong>\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445<\/strong>: \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435; \u0441 C++11 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043f\u044f\u0442\u0438), \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0430 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::vector<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::unique_ptr<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u0418\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430.<\/strong> \u0421 C++11 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">noexcept<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::terminate<\/code> \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">~<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Connection<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">throw<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">runtime_error<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"fail\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">); }  <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: terminate called ... -&gt; abort<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430: \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0437\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c) \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 &#8212; \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">~ClassName<\/code>, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430; \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438: \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">delete<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u0443\u0447\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<li>\u0412 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e.<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0434\u0438\u043e\u043c\u0430 RAII: \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438 RAII &#8212; \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 C++: \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0441 \u0443\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434-\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044e, \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e. \u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/cpp-basic\/?int_article=destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">C++ Basic<\/a> \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0445. \u0410 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0445<\/a> Otus.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/koncepciya-oop-razrabotki\/\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041f-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/programmirovanie-na-c-chto-dolzhen-znat-nachinajushhij-razrabotchik\/\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 C++: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/vse-o-nasledovanii-v-si-semejstve\/\">\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0421\u0438-\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">obj.~ClassName()<\/code>?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u042f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0435 \u0441 placement new, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 (\u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::string<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">std::vector<\/code> \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435\u0442. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0441. \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 C++, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 (\u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439). \u0423 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0434\u044b: ~ClassName. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":12589,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[20],"class_list":["post-5093","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-c"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 C++ - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 ~ClassName, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, RAII \u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. Pavlenko\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/#article\",\"name\":\"\\u0414\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440 \\u043a\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u0441\\u0430 \\u0432 C++: \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e \\u0438 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442 | Otus\",\"headline\":\"\\u0414\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440 \\u0432 C++: \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e, \\u0441\\u0438\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0441\\u0438\\u0441 \\u0438 \\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u0434\\u0430 \\u0432\\u044b\\u0437\\u044b\\u0432\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f\",\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/author\\\/a-pavlenko\\\/#author\"},\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/#organization\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/cover-destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu-1740x800-1.png\",\"width\":1740,\"height\":800},\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-14T13:34:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-25T12:28:24+00:00\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"mainEntityOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/#webpage\"},\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/#webpage\"},\"articleSection\":\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0437\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435, c++\"},{\"@type\":\"BreadcrumbList\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/#breadcrumblist\",\"itemListElement\":[{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":1,\"name\":\"Home\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/category\\\/polza\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0437\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/category\\\/polza\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":2,\"name\":\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0437\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435\",\"item\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/category\\\/polza\\\/\",\"nextItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"\\u0414\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440 \\u0432 C++: \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e, \\u0441\\u0438\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0441\\u0438\\u0441 \\u0438 \\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u0434\\u0430 \\u0432\\u044b\\u0437\\u044b\\u0432\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f\"},\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"Home\"}},{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/#listItem\",\"position\":3,\"name\":\"\\u0414\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440 \\u0432 C++: \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e, \\u0441\\u0438\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0441\\u0438\\u0441 \\u0438 \\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u0434\\u0430 \\u0432\\u044b\\u0437\\u044b\\u0432\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f\",\"previousItem\":{\"@type\":\"ListItem\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/category\\\/polza\\\/#listItem\",\"name\":\"\\u041f\\u043e\\u043b\\u0435\\u0437\\u043d\\u043e\\u0435\"}}]},{\"@type\":\"Organization\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/#organization\",\"name\":\"\\u041e\\u0442\\u0443\\u0441 \\u043e\\u043d\\u043b\\u0430\\u0439\\u043d-\\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0437\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435\",\"description\":\"\\u0411\\u043b\\u043e\\u0433 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e IT\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/\",\"telephone\":\"+74999389202\",\"logo\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/04\\\/OTUS-journal-logo-180x180-1.png\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/#organizationLogo\",\"width\":180,\"height\":180},\"image\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/#organizationLogo\"},\"sameAs\":[\"https:\\\/\\\/www.youtube.com\\\/channel\\\/UCetgtvy93o3i3CvyGXKFU3g\"]},{\"@type\":\"Person\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/author\\\/a-pavlenko\\\/#author\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/author\\\/a-pavlenko\\\/\",\"name\":\"A. Pavlenko\",\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/#authorImage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/secure.gravatar.com\\\/avatar\\\/13488c7d5b657aaaf1808afd398f71e0225df07dd94eb7e5fcdfc45feff43cb5?s=96&d=mm&r=g\",\"width\":96,\"height\":96,\"caption\":\"A. Pavlenko\"}},{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/#webpage\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/\",\"name\":\"\\u0414\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440 \\u043a\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u0441\\u0430 \\u0432 C++: \\u0447\\u0442\\u043e \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e \\u0438 \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u0440\\u0430\\u0431\\u043e\\u0442\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442 | Otus\",\"description\":\"\\u0414\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u0443\\u043a\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440 \\u0432 C++ - \\u044d\\u0442\\u043e \\u043c\\u0435\\u0442\\u043e\\u0434 \\u043a\\u043b\\u0430\\u0441\\u0441\\u0430, \\u043a\\u043e\\u0442\\u043e\\u0440\\u044b\\u0439 \\u043e\\u0441\\u0432\\u043e\\u0431\\u043e\\u0436\\u0434\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442 \\u0440\\u0435\\u0441\\u0443\\u0440\\u0441\\u044b \\u043f\\u0440\\u0438 \\u0443\\u043d\\u0438\\u0447\\u0442\\u043e\\u0436\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u0438 \\u043e\\u0431\\u044a\\u0435\\u043a\\u0442\\u0430. \\u0420\\u0430\\u0437\\u0431\\u0438\\u0440\\u0430\\u044e \\u0441\\u0438\\u043d\\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u0441\\u0438\\u0441 ~ClassName, \\u043a\\u043e\\u0433\\u0434\\u0430 \\u043e\\u043d \\u0432\\u044b\\u0437\\u044b\\u0432\\u0430\\u0435\\u0442\\u0441\\u044f, RAII \\u0438 \\u043e\\u0448\\u0438\\u0431\\u043a\\u0438.\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/#website\"},\"breadcrumb\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/#breadcrumblist\"},\"author\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/author\\\/a-pavlenko\\\/#author\"},\"creator\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/author\\\/a-pavlenko\\\/#author\"},\"image\":{\"@type\":\"ImageObject\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/wp-content\\\/uploads\\\/2026\\\/09\\\/cover-destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu-1740x800-1.png\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/#mainImage\",\"width\":1740,\"height\":800},\"primaryImageOfPage\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\\\/#mainImage\"},\"datePublished\":\"2026-09-14T13:34:44+00:00\",\"dateModified\":\"2026-09-25T12:28:24+00:00\"},{\"@type\":\"WebSite\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/#website\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/\",\"name\":\"OTUS \\u0416\\u0443\\u0440\\u043d\\u0430\\u043b - \\u0411\\u043b\\u043e\\u0433 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e IT\",\"alternateName\":\"OTUS \\u0416\\u0443\\u0440\\u043d\\u0430\\u043b\",\"description\":\"\\u0411\\u043b\\u043e\\u0433 \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e IT\",\"inLanguage\":\"ru-RU\",\"publisher\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/#organization\"}}]}\n\t\t<\/script>\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO -->\n\n","aioseo_head_json":{"title":"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 C++: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 | Otus","description":"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 C++ - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 ~ClassName, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, RAII \u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438.","canonical_url":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/","robots":"max-image-preview:large","keywords":"","webmasterTools":{"miscellaneous":""},"schema":{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org","@graph":[{"@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/#article","name":"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 C++: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 | Otus","headline":"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 C++: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f","author":{"@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/author\/a-pavlenko\/#author"},"publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/#organization"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cover-destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu-1740x800-1.png","width":1740,"height":800},"datePublished":"2026-09-14T13:34:44+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-25T12:28:24+00:00","inLanguage":"ru-RU","mainEntityOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/#webpage"},"isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/#webpage"},"articleSection":"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435, c++"},{"@type":"BreadcrumbList","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/#breadcrumblist","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/#listItem","position":1,"name":"Home","item":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/category\/polza\/#listItem","name":"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/category\/polza\/#listItem","position":2,"name":"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435","item":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/category\/polza\/","nextItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/#listItem","name":"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 C++: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f"},"previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/#listItem","name":"Home"}},{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/#listItem","position":3,"name":"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 C++: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f","previousItem":{"@type":"ListItem","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/category\/polza\/#listItem","name":"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435"}}]},{"@type":"Organization","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/#organization","name":"\u041e\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435","description":"\u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e IT","url":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/","telephone":"+74999389202","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/04\/OTUS-journal-logo-180x180-1.png","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/#organizationLogo","width":180,"height":180},"image":{"@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/#organizationLogo"},"sameAs":["https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/channel\/UCetgtvy93o3i3CvyGXKFU3g"]},{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/author\/a-pavlenko\/#author","url":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/author\/a-pavlenko\/","name":"A. Pavlenko","image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/#authorImage","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/13488c7d5b657aaaf1808afd398f71e0225df07dd94eb7e5fcdfc45feff43cb5?s=96&d=mm&r=g","width":96,"height":96,"caption":"A. Pavlenko"}},{"@type":"WebPage","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/#webpage","url":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/","name":"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 C++: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 | Otus","description":"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 C++ - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 ~ClassName, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, RAII \u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438.","inLanguage":"ru-RU","isPartOf":{"@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/#website"},"breadcrumb":{"@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/#breadcrumblist"},"author":{"@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/author\/a-pavlenko\/#author"},"creator":{"@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/author\/a-pavlenko\/#author"},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/09\/cover-destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu-1740x800-1.png","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/#mainImage","width":1740,"height":800},"primaryImageOfPage":{"@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/#mainImage"},"datePublished":"2026-09-14T13:34:44+00:00","dateModified":"2026-09-25T12:28:24+00:00"},{"@type":"WebSite","@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/#website","url":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/","name":"OTUS \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b - \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e IT","alternateName":"OTUS \u0416\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b","description":"\u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u043e IT","inLanguage":"ru-RU","publisher":{"@id":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/#organization"}}]}},"aioseo_meta_data":{"post_id":"5093","title":"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 C++: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 | Otus","description":"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 C++ - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 ~ClassName, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, RAII \u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438.","keywords":[],"keyphrases":{"focus":[],"additional":[]},"primary_term":null,"canonical_url":null,"og_title":null,"og_description":null,"og_object_type":"default","og_image_type":"default","og_image_url":null,"og_image_width":null,"og_image_height":null,"og_image_custom_url":null,"og_image_custom_fields":null,"og_video":"","og_custom_url":null,"og_article_section":null,"og_article_tags":[],"twitter_use_og":false,"twitter_card":"default","twitter_image_type":"default","twitter_image_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_url":null,"twitter_image_custom_fields":null,"twitter_title":null,"twitter_description":null,"schema":{"blockGraphs":[],"customGraphs":[],"default":{"data":{"Article":[],"Course":[],"Dataset":[],"FAQPage":[],"Movie":[],"Person":[],"Product":[],"ProductReview":[],"Car":[],"Recipe":[],"Service":[],"SoftwareApplication":[],"WebPage":[]},"graphName":"Article","isEnabled":true},"graphs":[]},"schema_type":"default","schema_type_options":null,"pillar_content":false,"robots_default":true,"robots_noindex":false,"robots_noarchive":false,"robots_nosnippet":false,"robots_nofollow":false,"robots_noimageindex":false,"robots_noodp":false,"robots_notranslate":false,"robots_max_snippet":"-1","robots_max_videopreview":"-1","robots_max_imagepreview":"large","priority":null,"frequency":"default","location":null,"local_seo":null,"breadcrumb_settings":null,"limit_modified_date":false,"ai":null,"created":"2022-11-28 18:16:28","updated":"2026-09-25 13:30:02","seo_analyzer_scan_date":null,"focus_keyword":null,"additional_keywords":null,"truseo_locale":null},"aioseo_breadcrumb":"<div class=\"aioseo-breadcrumbs\"><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/\" title=\"Home\">Home<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t<a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/category\/polza\/\" title=\"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435<\/a>\n\t\t<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb-separator\">\u00bb<\/span><span class=\"aioseo-breadcrumb\">\n\t\t\t\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 C++: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f\n\t\t<\/span><\/div>","aioseo_breadcrumb_json":[{"label":"Home","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/"},{"label":"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/category\/polza\/"},{"label":"\u0414\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432 C++: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/destruktory-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/"}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5093","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=5093"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5093\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12819,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/5093\/revisions\/12819"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12589"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=5093"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=5093"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=5093"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}