{"id":4836,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=4836"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:28:05","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:28:05","slug":"simvoly-i-bajty-osobennosti-konvertacii-v-java","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/simvoly-i-bajty-osobennosti-konvertacii-v-java\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 Java: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u041a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 Java<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">String<\/code>) \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">byte[]<\/code>) \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">text.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)<\/code>. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f &#8212; <strong>\u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong>: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)<\/code>. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e: \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u00ab\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044b\u00bb.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f: \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0421\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u041a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e: \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u00ab\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u00bb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u00ab\ufffd\u00bb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u041f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438: \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 String<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c: \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s12\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 Java 25 (Eclipse Temurin 25.0.4, Linux) 24.09.2026.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f: \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/strong> (code point) &#8212; \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0432 Unicode, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u00ab\u042f\u00bb = U+042F.<\/li>\n<li><strong>char<\/strong> \u0432 Java &#8212; 16-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 UTF-16. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">char<\/code>, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0444\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0430 (\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0411\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b<\/strong> &#8212; \u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435: \u00ab\u042f\u00bb \u0432 UTF-8 = <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">D0 AF<\/code>, \u0432 windows-1251 = <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DF<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0421\u043a\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435: \u00ab\u042f\u00bb -&gt; U+042F -&gt; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">D0 AF<\/code> \u0432 UTF-8. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">String<\/code> \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f API &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">char<\/code> (\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446 UTF-16), \u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u00ab\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u00bb \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a &#8212; \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 <a href=\"\/journal\/kodirovki-simvolov-i-format-utf-8\/\">\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 UTF-8<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/h2>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.util.HexFormat<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, Java\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getBytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UTF_8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 (char): \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">length<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0411\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 UTF-8:  \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">length<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"HEX: \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">HexFormat<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ofDelimiter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\" \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">).<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">formatHex<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">back<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UTF_8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e: \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">back<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0421\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442: \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">back<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">equals<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 (char): 12\n\u0411\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 UTF-8:  18\nHEX: d0 9f d1 80 d0 b8 d0 b2 d0 b5 d1 82 2c 20 4a 61 76 61\n\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, Java\n\u0421\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442: true\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)<\/code> \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443. \u041a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 UTF-8 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e 2 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430, \u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u0430\u044f &#8212; \u043f\u043e 1, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 6 x 2 + 6 = 18 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)<\/code> \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HexFormat<\/code> (\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 Java 17) \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">StandardCharsets<\/code>, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"UTF-8\"<\/code>: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">getBytes(String charsetName)<\/code> \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041a\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\".getBytes(\"UTF-8\")<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">try<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">Unsupported.java:3: error: unreported exception UnsupportedEncodingException; must be caught or declared to be thrown\n        byte[] b = &quot;\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442&quot;.getBytes(&quot;UTF-8&quot;);\n                                    ^\n1 error\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">StandardCharsets.UTF_8<\/code> \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0432\u043d\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">StandardCharsets<\/code> (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, windows-1251) \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Charset.forName(\"windows-1251\")<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0421\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b<\/h2>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">s.getBytes(cs)<\/code>:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/th>\n<th><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">length()<\/code><\/th>\n<th>UTF-8<\/th>\n<th>UTF-16<\/th>\n<th>UTF-16BE<\/th>\n<th>windows-1251<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>A<\/td>\n<td>U+0041<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">41<\/code><\/td>\n<td>4: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">fe ff 00 41<\/code><\/td>\n<td>2: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">00 41<\/code><\/td>\n<td>1: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">41<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u042f<\/td>\n<td>U+042F<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>2: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">d0 af<\/code><\/td>\n<td>4: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">fe ff 04 2f<\/code><\/td>\n<td>2: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">04 2f<\/code><\/td>\n<td>1: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">df<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\ud83d\ude00<\/td>\n<td>U+1F600<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>4: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">f0 9f 98 80<\/code><\/td>\n<td>6: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">fe ff d8 3d de 00<\/code><\/td>\n<td>4: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">d8 3d de 00<\/code><\/td>\n<td>1: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">3f<\/code> (\u044d\u0442\u043e \u00ab?\u00bb)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">String.length()<\/code> \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">char<\/code>, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b: \u0443 \u044d\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 2. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">codePointCount(0, s.length())<\/code>, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432: \u00ab\u00e9\u00bb \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">e<\/code> \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f U+0301 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 2, \u044d\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0438 \u00ab\u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044f\u00bb \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 U+200D &#8212; 5 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0438 8 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">char<\/code>. \u0412\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b (\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0435\u043c\u044b) \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">java.text.BreakIterator.getCharacterInstance()<\/code>: \u0434\u043b\u044f \u00ab\u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u0438\u00bb \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b 1.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">StandardCharsets.UTF_16<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FE FF<\/code> (BOM), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u00abA\u00bb \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 4 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 BOM \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">UTF_16BE<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">UTF_16LE<\/code> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 <a href=\"\/journal\/bajty-i-bity-chto-nuzhno-znat-ob-ih-poryadke\/\">\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435<\/a>.<\/li>\n<li>\u042d\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0437\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432 windows-1251, \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">getBytes<\/code> \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">?<\/code> (\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">3F<\/code>). \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043d\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0415\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430: \u0442\u0438\u043f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">byte<\/code> \u0432 Java \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 (\u043e\u0442 -128 \u0434\u043e 127). \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b \u00ab\u042f\u00bb \u0432 UTF-8 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0xD0<\/code>) \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">-48<\/code>. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 0-255, \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">b &amp; 0xFF<\/code>, \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">208<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044b<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044b (mojibake) \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.nio.charset.Charset<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Mojibake<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Charset<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cp1251<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Charset<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">forName<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"windows-1251\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">utf8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getBytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UTF_8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">utf8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cp1251<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">win<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getBytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cp1251<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">win<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UTF_8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ascii<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getBytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">US_ASCII<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ascii<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">US_ASCII<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0420\u045f\u0421\u0402\u0420\u0451\u0420\u0406\u0420\u00b5\u0421\u201a\n\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\n??????\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u044b:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\u0420\u045f\u0421\u0402...<\/code> (\u043f\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u00ab\u0420?\u00bb, \u00ab\u0421?\u00bb)<\/td>\n<td>UTF-8 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a windows-1251<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a UTF-8<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd\ufffd<\/code> (\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b U+FFFD)<\/td>\n<td>\u0411\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b windows-1251 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a UTF-8<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a windows-1251<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">??????<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 UTF-8; \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">byte[]<\/code> \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new String(bad.getBytes(cp1251), StandardCharsets.UTF_8)<\/code> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\u00bb. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 &#8212; \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0x98<\/code>: \u0432 windows-1251 \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442, Java \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">U+FFFD<\/code>, \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0431\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u00ab\u0458\u00bb = <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">D1 98<\/code>) \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 UTF-8 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">U+FFFD<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">?<\/code>, \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u041a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e: \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u00ab\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u00bb<\/h2>\n<p>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">getBytes()<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new String(bytes)<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new InputStreamReader(in)<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FileReader<\/code> &#8212; \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e. \u0421 Java 18 (JEP 400) \u044d\u0442\u043e UTF-8 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445. \u0414\u043e Java 18 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439: \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 Windows \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e windows-1251, \u043d\u0430 Linux \u0438 macOS &#8212; \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e UTF-8. \u041e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430: \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0439 JDK.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.nio.charset.Charset<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Defaults<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"java.version:     \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getProperty<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"java.version\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"defaultCharset:   \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Charset<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">defaultCharset<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"file.encoding:    \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getProperty<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"file.encoding\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"native.encoding:  \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getProperty<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"native.encoding\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"stdout.encoding:  \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getProperty<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"stdout.encoding\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LANG=C<\/code> \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">java.version:     25.0.4\ndefaultCharset:   UTF-8\nfile.encoding:    UTF-8\nnative.encoding:  ANSI_X3.4-1968\nstdout.encoding:  ANSI_X3.4-1968\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e &#8212; UTF-8, \u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">stdout.encoding<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 Java 19) \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c ASCII. \u0412 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Main<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">???????? (char): 12<\/code>, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445: \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 UTF-8 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">java -Dstdout.encoding=UTF-8 Main<\/code>. \u041d\u0430 Windows \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 866 \u0438\u043b\u0438 1251.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 Java 18+ \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0439 JDK \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">-Dfile.encoding=COMPAT<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u00ab\ufffd\u00bb<\/h2>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new String(bytes, UTF_8)<\/code> \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 &#8212; \u043e\u043d \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">U+FFFD<\/code>. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043d\u0435 (\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442) \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">CharsetDecoder<\/code> \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">REPORT<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.nio.ByteBuffer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.nio.charset.CharacterCodingException<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.nio.charset.Charset<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.nio.charset.CharsetDecoder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.nio.charset.CodingErrorAction<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Strict<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">decodeStrict<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">throws<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CharacterCodingException<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CharsetDecoder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decoder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UTF_8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">newDecoder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">                .<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">onMalformedInput<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CodingErrorAction<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">REPORT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">                .<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">onUnmappableCharacter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CodingErrorAction<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">REPORT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decoder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decode<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ByteBuffer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">wrap<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)).<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">toString<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">good<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getBytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UTF_8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getBytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Charset<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">forName<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"windows-1251\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"good: \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decodeStrict<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">good<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"bad:  \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decodeStrict<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        } <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CharacterCodingException<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">good: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\n\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: java.nio.charset.MalformedInputException: Input length = 1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Files.readString(path)<\/code>: \u043e\u043d \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 UTF-8 \u0438 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">MalformedInputException<\/code> \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u041f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438: \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430), \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new String<\/code>, \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.io.ByteArrayInputStream<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.io.BufferedReader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.io.IOException<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.io.InputStream<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.io.InputStreamReader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.util.Arrays<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Chunks<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">throws<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">IOException<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getBytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UTF_8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e: \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e 5 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StringBuilder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">wrong<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StringBuilder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">length<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">part<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Arrays<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">copyOfRange<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Math<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">min<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">i<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">length<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">wrong<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">append<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">part<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UTF_8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041f\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c: \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">wrong<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e: Reader \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">InputStream<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ByteArrayInputStream<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">BufferedReader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">reader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">BufferedReader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">                <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">InputStreamReader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UTF_8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Reader: \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">reader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">readLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u041f\u043e \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c: \u041f\u0440\ufffd\ufffd\u0432\u0435\u0442\n\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Reader: \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0411\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u00ab\u0438\u00bb (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">D0 B8<\/code>) \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">U+FFFD<\/code>. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">InputStreamReader<\/code> \u0441 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b \u0434\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Files.readString<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Files.newBufferedReader(path, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 String<\/h2>\n<p>\u0425\u0435\u0448\u0438, \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new String(...)<\/code>, \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f UTF-8 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.util.Arrays<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">java.util.Base64<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Binary<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">raw<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0xFF<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0xFE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0x41<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">};<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">asText<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">raw<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UTF_8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">broken<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">asText<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getBytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">StandardCharsets<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UTF_8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 String: \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Arrays<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">toString<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">broken<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b64<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Base64<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getEncoder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">().<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">encodeToString<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">raw<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">restored<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Base64<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getDecoder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">().<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decode<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b64<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"Base64: \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b64<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\" -&gt; \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Arrays<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">toString<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">restored<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 String: [-17, -65, -67, -17, -65, -67, 65]\nBase64: \/\/5B -&gt; [-1, -2, 65]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e 3 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c 7: \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u00ab\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0439\u00bb \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">EF BF BD<\/code> (U+FFFD \u0432 UTF-8). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 Base64 \u0438\u043b\u0438 hex (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HexFormat<\/code>).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c: \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\u0420\u045f\u0421\u0402...<\/code> \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 \u00ab\u0420?\u00bb, \u00ab\u0421?\u00bb &#8212; UTF-8 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043a windows-1251. \u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new String(bytes)<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FileReader<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">InputStreamReader<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430).<\/li>\n<li>\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\ufffd<\/code> &#8212; \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c UTF-8. \u0412\u044b\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u00bb \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443.<\/li>\n<li>\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">?<\/code> \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432 &#8212; \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 UTF-8. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">stdout.encoding<\/code> \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 &#8212; \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">javac<\/code>. \u0421 JDK 18 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">javac<\/code> \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 UTF-8; \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">javac -encoding UTF-8<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;project.build.sourceEncoding&gt;<\/code> \u0432 Maven.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HexFormat.ofDelimiter(\" \").formatHex(bytes)<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8)<\/code>, \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8)<\/code> &#8212; \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430 Java 18+, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e UTF-8: \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 JDK \u0438 \u041e\u0421.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">length()<\/code> \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">char<\/code> (\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b UTF-16), \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\u0420\u045f\u0421\u0402...<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0443\u0441\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\ufffd<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">?<\/code> &#8212; \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">String<\/code> &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e Base64 \u0438\u043b\u0438 hex.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0421 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e: \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 CSV, HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new String(bytes)<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u0442\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u041e\u0421. \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c-\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/java-basic\/?int_article=simvoly-i-bajty-osobennosti-konvertacii-v-java&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00abJava \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb<\/a>. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=simvoly-i-bajty-osobennosti-konvertacii-v-java&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s12\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c Charset \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0412 Java \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Charset<\/code> \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (UTF-8, windows-1251): \u043e\u043d \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 (Unicode) \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b (UTF-8, UTF-16) &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0432 API Java \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f charset.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043e N \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 UTF-8, \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0443 (\u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430\u043c) \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">CharsetEncoder<\/code> \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">CharBuffer<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ByteBuffer<\/code> \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430: \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438 BOM \u0432 UTF-8 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f Java?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435\u0442. Java \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 UTF-8 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 BOM (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">EF BB BF<\/code>) \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b U+FEFF. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0441 BOM, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 Java &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 (String) \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 (byte[]) \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438: text.getBytes(StandardCharsets.UTF_8). \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: new String(bytes, StandardCharsets.UTF_8). \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e: \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e, \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u00ab\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044b\u00bb. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f: \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0421\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":4837,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[75],"class_list":["post-4836","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-java"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432 Java \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 String \u0432 byte[] \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e: getBytes \u0438 new String \u0441 StandardCharsets.UTF_8, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0437\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. Pavlenko\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/simvoly-i-bajty-osobennosti-konvertacii-v-java\/\" \/>\n\t\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.3\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/simvoly-i-bajty-osobennosti-konvertacii-v-java\\\/#article\",\"name\":\"\\u041a\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0432 Java: \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0432 \\u0431\\u0430\\u0439\\u0442\\u044b \\u0438 \\u043e\\u0431\\u0440\\u0430\\u0442\\u043d\\u043e | Otus\",\"headline\":\"\\u041a\\u043e\\u0434\\u0438\\u0440\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043d\\u0438\\u0435 \\u0432 Java: \\u043a\\u0430\\u043a \\u043f\\u0435\\u0440\\u0435\\u0432\\u0435\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 \\u0441\\u0442\\u0440\\u043e\\u043a\\u0443 \\u0432 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