{"id":4651,"date":"2026-09-09T05:21:59","date_gmt":"2026-09-09T05:21:59","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=4651"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:53:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:53:28","slug":"vse-o-sistemah-schisleniya-v-informatike","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/vse-o-sistemah-schisleniya-v-informatike\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435: \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438) \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443: \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u00ab\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c\u00bb &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">5<\/code> \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">101<\/code> \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">5<\/code> \u0432 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e &#8212; \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435: Python<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u0443: \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 <strong>\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439<\/strong> \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430 (\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435). \u0412 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">453<\/code> \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">4<\/code> \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 400 (\u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">5<\/code> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e 50 (\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">3<\/code> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e 3 (\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b). \u0427\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0441.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 <strong>\u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439<\/strong> \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 &#8212; \u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b: \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">XXX<\/code> \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">X<\/code> \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 10, \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e \u043d\u0438\u0445. \u0423 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439. \u041e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 IT \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u0414\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443, \u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f (\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 2)<\/strong> \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">1<\/code>. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 &#8212; \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f (\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 8)<\/strong> \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0442 0 \u0434\u043e 7. \u0421\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 Unix (\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">chmod 755<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f (\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 10)<\/strong> &#8212; \u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438, \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u043e\u0442 0 \u0434\u043e 9.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0428\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f (\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 16)<\/strong> \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b 0-9 \u0438 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b A-F, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">A<\/code>=10, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">B<\/code>=11, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">C<\/code>=12, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">D<\/code>=13, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">E<\/code>=14, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">F<\/code>=15. \u0415\u0435 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044f\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c: \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 (8 \u0431\u0438\u0442) \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#FF0000<\/code> &#8212; \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439), \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<th>\u0414\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438<\/th>\n<th>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>0, 1<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">11111111<\/code><\/td>\n<td>255<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0412\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>0-7<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">377<\/code><\/td>\n<td>255<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/td>\n<td>10<\/td>\n<td>0-9<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">255<\/code><\/td>\n<td>255<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0428\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/td>\n<td>16<\/td>\n<td>0-9, A-F<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FF<\/code><\/td>\n<td>255<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e 255, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e<\/h2>\n<p>\u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0443 \u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430, \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">503<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">5\u00b710\u00b2 + 0\u00b710\u00b9 + 3\u00b710\u2070 = 500 + 0 + 3 = 503<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">101\u2082<\/code>, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 10, \u0430 2:<\/p>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">1\u00b72\u00b2 + 0\u00b72\u00b9 + 1\u00b72\u2070 = 4 + 0 + 1 = 5<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u0418 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">254\u2088<\/code>:<\/p>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">2\u00b78\u00b2 + 5\u00b78\u00b9 + 4\u00b78\u2070 = 128 + 40 + 4 = 172<\/code><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044b &#8212; \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447 \u043a\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e<\/h2>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f: \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e, \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0412 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443<\/h3>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432 (\u0441\u043c. \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435) \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FF<\/code>:<\/p>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">F\u00b716\u00b9 + F\u00b716\u2070 = 15\u00b716 + 15\u00b71 = 240 + 15 = 255<\/code><\/p>\n<h3>\u0418\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/h3>\n<p>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u043c. \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 (\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443), \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">25<\/code> \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">25 : 2 = 12, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a 1\n12 : 2 = 6,  \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a 0\n6  : 2 = 3,  \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a 0\n3  : 2 = 1,  \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a 1\n1  : 2 = 0,  \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a 1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0443 \u0432\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">11001\u2082<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">16 + 8 + 0 + 0 + 1 = 25<\/code>. \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">255<\/code> \u0432 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">255 : 16 = 15<\/code> (\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a 15 = <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">F<\/code>), \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">15 : 16 = 0<\/code> (\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a 15 = <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">F<\/code>), \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FF<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439<\/h3>\n<p>\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u044e\u043a: 8 = 2\u00b3, \u0430 16 = 2\u2074, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0438\u043a.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u043e 3 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e (\u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438) \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0439. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">11010\u2082<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">11010  -&gt;  011 010  -&gt;  3 2  -&gt;  32\u2088\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435: \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e 4 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430. \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">01001111\u2082<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">01001111  -&gt;  0100 1111  -&gt;  4 F  -&gt;  4F\u2081\u2086\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">4F\u2081\u2086 = 4\u00b716 + 15 = 79<\/code>, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">01001111\u2082 = 64 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 79<\/code>. \u0421\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435: Python<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0438\u043a, \u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430. \u0412 Python \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">255<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">bin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>  <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 0b11111111<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">oct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>  <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 0o377<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">hex<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>  <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 0xff<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434: \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 + \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"11111111\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>  <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 255<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"377\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>       <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 255<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"ff\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">16<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>       <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 255<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0b<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0o<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0x<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438; \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"ff\"<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"FF\"<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435).<\/p>\n<h3>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430<\/h3>\n<p>\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0414\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0438 Python \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"102\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">ValueError: invalid literal for int() with base 2: &#x27;102&#x27;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 (\u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">1<\/code>, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">102<\/code> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"102\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 66<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"101\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 5<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n<li>\u0412 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430; \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 (\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b) \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0412 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b &#8212; \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f (\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430), \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f (\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432).<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u00ab\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430 \u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u00bb; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 &#8212; \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n<li>\u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u043f\u043e 3 \u0438 \u043f\u043e 4) \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0438\u043a.<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430: \u0432 Python \u044d\u0442\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">bin<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">oct<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">hex<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int(\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435)<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0448\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430. \u0414\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c. \u0411\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0445 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430. \u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/python-basic\/?int_article=vse-o-sistemah-schisleniya-v-informatike&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">Python Basic<\/a> \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 &#8212; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u043c. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=vse-o-sistemah-schisleniya-v-informatike&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0445<\/a> Otus.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/dvoichnaya-sistema-schisleniya-i-binarnyj-kod-chto-nuzhno-znat-novichku\/\">\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 &#8212; \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0443<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/dvoichnaya-sistema-v-informatike-i-programmirovanii\/\">\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/sistemy-schisleniya-i-ih-osobennosti\/\">\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u042d\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044e. \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0438\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0435: \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0432 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d (\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0435 4 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430 = 1 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u0423 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 2, \u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 8, \u0443 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 10, \u0443 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 16.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438) \u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443: \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u00ab\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c\u00bb &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e 5 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439, 101 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 5 \u0432 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":4652,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[65],"class_list":["post-4651","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-programmirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435: \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0432\u043e\u0441\u044c\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f. \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 Python.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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