{"id":4575,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=4575"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:28:29","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:28:29","slug":"klassy-v-javascript","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/klassy-v-javascript\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0432 JavaScript: \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0432 JavaScript<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">class<\/code> \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code>. \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0435: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">class<\/code> (\u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 ES2015) &#8212; \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 Java \u0438\u043b\u0438 C#.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">static, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438 static-\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u041d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: extends \u0438 super<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0443: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code>, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#<\/code>, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">extends<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super<\/code>, \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 Node.js 24.21 (\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 LTS) 24.09.2026; \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">User<\/code>);<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440<\/strong> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new User(\"\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430\")<\/code>);<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f<\/strong> &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">User.prototype<\/code>, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f: \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0436 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430, \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0443\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/h2>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">role<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"student\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;          <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#password<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;                 <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">constructor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">password<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#password<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">password<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greet<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">} (${<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">role<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">})`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">checkPassword<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#password<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">===<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">anna<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"s3cret\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">anna<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greet<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">anna<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">checkPassword<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"123\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">anna<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">checkPassword<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"s3cret\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Object<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">keys<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">anna<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430 (student)\nfalse\ntrue\n[ &#x27;role&#x27;, &#x27;name&#x27; ]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new User(...)<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">User.prototype<\/code> \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">constructor<\/code>, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430: \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super()<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code> \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d (\u0441\u043c. \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443 1 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435).<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">role<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#password<\/code>), \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 (\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super()<\/code>) &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Object.keys<\/code> \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">role<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">name<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#password<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Object.keys<\/code> \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c, JavaScript \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e (\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430: \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e, \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u0445\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">constructor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greet<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">u<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">typeof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);                                   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ function<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Object<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getPrototypeOf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">u<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">===<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prototype<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ true<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Object<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">hasOwn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">u<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"greet\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));                     <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ false<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Object<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">hasOwn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prototype<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"greet\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ true<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 class:<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">OldUser<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">OldUser<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prototype<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greet<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> () { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; };<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">OldUser<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">).<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greet<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">function<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">true<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">false<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">true<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d<\/code>. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">greet<\/code> \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 &#8212; \u043e\u043d \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>\u00ab\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435\u00bb &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430. \u0423 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/th>\n<th><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">class<\/code><\/th>\n<th><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">function<\/code> + <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">prototype<\/code><\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0412\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">TypeError<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code> &#8212; \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">undefined<\/code> \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ReferenceError<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f (hoisting)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"use strict\"<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">for...in<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code>-\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/h2>\n<p>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430 &#8212; \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">greet() {...}<\/code>. \u0412\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code> \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">anna.greet()<\/code> &#8212; \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">anna<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Temperature<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#celsius<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">celsius<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#celsius<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">celsius<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">typeof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!==<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"number\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">||<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Number<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">isNaN<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">throw<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">TypeError<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`\u041e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e: ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">273.15<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">throw<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">RangeError<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#celsius<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">fahrenheit<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#celsius<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">9<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">32<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">t<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Temperature<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">t<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">celsius<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">25<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">t<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">celsius<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">t<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">fahrenheit<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 25 77<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">t<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">celsius<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">300<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">} <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">message<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">25 77<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">RangeError \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f<\/code>. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#celsius<\/code>, \u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440 &#8212; \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0423 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">fahrenheit<\/code> \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u00ab\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">static, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438 static-\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435<\/strong> \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0443: \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0444\u0430\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. <strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/strong> \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#<\/code> \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">created<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;          <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435: \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#secretPrefix<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"id\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">defaults<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {                     <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a: \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">defaults<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">step<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">max<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> };<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">constructor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">created<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`${<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#secretPrefix<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}-${<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">created<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#clamp<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {                  <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Math<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">min<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">n<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">defaults<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">max<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">inc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#clamp<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">defaults<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">step<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">isCounter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">obj<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">#value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">obj<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">inc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">().<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">inc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">().<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">inc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">().<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">inc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);           <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ id-1 3<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">created<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);         <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 2<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">created<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);               <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ undefined<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">isCounter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">), <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">isCounter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">({ <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">value<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> }));<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">id-1 3<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">2<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">undefined<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">true false<\/code>. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Counter.created<\/code> \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430; \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">c.created<\/code> &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">undefined<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">inc()<\/code> \u0443\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">max: 3<\/code> \u0431\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0440\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#clamp<\/code>. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">inc<\/code> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static {...}<\/code> \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u043a).<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#value in obj<\/code> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u00bb: \u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">value<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#value<\/code> \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u042d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">class Sub extends Counter<\/code>) \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442, \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435 \u00ab\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u00bb, \u0430 \u00ab\u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u043a\u00bb.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#<\/code> \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">_name<\/code>: \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">u[\"#password\"]<\/code> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">undefined<\/code>, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">JSON.stringify<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u0432\u0441\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u041d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: extends \u0438 super<\/h2>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">extends<\/code> \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e: \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super(...)<\/code> \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super.method()<\/code> &#8212; \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">constructor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">describe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Admin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">extends<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">constructor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">level<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">super<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);             <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">level<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">level<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;      <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 super() \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c this<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">describe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`${<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">super<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">describe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}, \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">level<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Admin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">describe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">instanceof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Admin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">instanceof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Object<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getPrototypeOf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Admin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prototype<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">===<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prototype<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433, \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 2\ntrue true\ntrue\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Admin<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">describe<\/code>, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super.describe()<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#<\/code>-\u0438\u043c\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f\u00bb (\u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c). \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f &#8212; \u00ab\u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u00bb, \u00ab\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u00bb &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u044e.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/h2>\n<p><strong>1. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a this \u0434\u043e super().<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">constructor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Admin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">extends<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">constructor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">level<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">level<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">level<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">super<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Admin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041e\u043b\u0435\u0433\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">ReferenceError: Must call super constructor in derived class before accessing &#x27;this&#x27; or returning from derived constructor\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code>, \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super(...)<\/code>, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Admin<\/code> \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><strong>2. \u0412\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 new.<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">constructor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">u<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">TypeError: Class constructor User cannot be invoked without &#x27;new&#x27;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">const u = new User(\"\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430\");<\/code>. \u041f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">class<\/code>: \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0438 Node.js \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ReferenceError: Cannot access 'User' before initialization<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>3. \u041f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f this \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435.<\/strong> \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f (\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">setTimeout<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">map<\/code>), \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Button<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">constructor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">handleClick<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`\u041d\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Button<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"OK\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">handler<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">handleClick<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">handler<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading &#x27;label&#x27;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code> \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0435 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">undefined<\/code>, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442. \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Button<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">constructor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">handleClick<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> () =&gt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`\u041d\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430: this \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u043a \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0443<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Button<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"OK\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">handler<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">handleClick<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">handler<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Button2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">constructor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">handleClick<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`\u041d\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Button2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">handleClick<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bind<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">setTimeout<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(() =&gt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">handleClick<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()), <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\u041d\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 OK<\/code>, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\u041d\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u041e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430<\/code>. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0435; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">bind<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430-\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><strong>4. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430.<\/strong> \u041a\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">console.log(u.#password)<\/code> \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f: Node.js \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SyntaxError: Private field '#password' must be declared in an enclosing class<\/code>. \u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440.<\/p>\n<p><strong>5. \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c.<\/strong> \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">c.value = 100<\/code> \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Counter<\/code>), \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430: \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430 \u0438\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0432 ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435 (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c) &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">TypeError: Cannot set property value of #&lt;Counter&gt; which has only a getter<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0432 JavaScript \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">class<\/code>, \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code>; \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code> &#8212; \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static {}<\/code> &#8212; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e.<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">extends<\/code>, \u0430 \u0432 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super(...)<\/code> \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 &#8212; \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code>, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code> \u0434\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super()<\/code> \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 Node.js: \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 API, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">class NotFoundError extends Error<\/code>), \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">class MyWidget extends HTMLElement<\/code>). \u0425\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">this<\/code> \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/javascript-basic\/?int_article=klassy-v-javascript&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 Otus \u043f\u043e JavaScript \u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f<\/a>. \u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=klassy-v-javascript&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">const User = class { ... };<\/code>. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">User.name === \"User\"<\/code>).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0432 JavaScript \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new.target === Base<\/code> \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 TypeScript.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#name<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">_name<\/code>?<\/strong><br \/>\n<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">_name<\/code> &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Object.keys<\/code>. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#name<\/code> \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0432 JavaScript &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c class \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 new. \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0435: class (\u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 ES2015) &#8212; \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 Java \u0438\u043b\u0438 C#. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":4576,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[83],"class_list":["post-4575","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-javascript"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0432 JS \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445: class \u0438 constructor, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 extends \u0438 super, 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