{"id":4569,"date":"2026-09-19T05:56:31","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T05:56:31","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=4569"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:43:01","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:43:01","slug":"javascript-opisanie-preimushhestva-i-nedostatki-ispolzovanie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/javascript-opisanie-preimushhestva-i-nedostatki-ispolzovanie\/","title":{"rendered":"JavaScript: \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u0444\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>JavaScript<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (Node.js, Deno, Bun). \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0411\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0410\u0439\u043a \u0432 1995 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Netscape; \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0441 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c Java \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b. \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0435\u043c JavaScript \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 Java \u0438 ECMAScript, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">JavaScript, ECMAScript \u0438 Java: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f JavaScript: \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u0438 Node.js<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 JS \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 JavaScript<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u041d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 JavaScript<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f JavaScript \u0432 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">JavaScript, ECMAScript \u0438 Java: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>JavaScript<\/td>\n<td>\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442 ECMAScript; \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 V8, SpiderMonkey, JavaScriptCore<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u0438 Node.js<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>ECMAScript<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 (\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f ECMA-262), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430: ES2024, ES2025<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Java<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043e\u0442 Sun\/Oracle, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442-\u043a\u043e\u0434 JVM<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0441 JavaScript, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 TC39 \u043f\u0440\u0438 Ecma International \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e ECMAScript \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 (stage 0-4). \u041d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 (\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2026) \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#8212; ES2024 (\u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u0435 2024) \u0438 ES2025 (\u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u044e\u043d\u0435 2025).<\/p>\n<p>\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 Node.js \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f JavaScript: \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u0438 Node.js<\/h2>\n<p>\u0418\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e JavaScript \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435. \u0412 2009 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0420\u0430\u0439\u0430\u043d \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b Node.js &#8212; \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043a V8 \u0438\u0437 Chrome \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c \u041e\u0421.<\/p>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432: \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435, \u043d\u043e API \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0412 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">window<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">document<\/code>, \u0432 Node.js \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0442 &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">fs<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">path<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">process<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0412 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435: window - \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">typeof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">window<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 'object'<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0412 Node.js \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f window \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430:<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">typeof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">window<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 'undefined' - typeof \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0410 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a window (\u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 typeof) \u0432 Node.js \u0443\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442:<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ console.log(window);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ ReferenceError: window is not defined<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ Node.js \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 global \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c process,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 window\/document \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e JavaScript \u00ab\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442\u00bb \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u041d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 (\u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438); \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0432 Node.js \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">fs<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 JS \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/h2>\n<p>JavaScript &#8212; \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439: \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c, \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043a \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'2'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);    <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ '22' - \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'6'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);    <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 4  - \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0443<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">typeof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">NaN<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 'number' - \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c: \u0441\u0430\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0439 TypeScript, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 JavaScript \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0434\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 JavaScript<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u043b\u044e\u0441\u044b \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 JavaScript<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0411\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u044d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 (npm) \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435<\/td>\n<td>Node.js \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 JS \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043e \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>React Native &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445, Electron \u0438 Tauri &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e: \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u041d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 JavaScript<\/h2>\n<p>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441\u044b \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u0412 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0437 TypeScript \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (event loop)<\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430; \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b Web Workers \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d Node.js \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 File System Access API \u0441 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0427\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0438), \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c JS \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043a \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435, \u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430: \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u043e\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f JavaScript \u0432 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u00ab\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u00bb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 React, Vue, Angular, Svelte;<\/li>\n<li>\u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434 &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Node.js \u0441 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 Express, NestJS, Fastify;<\/li>\n<li>\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 React Native (\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f iOS \u0438 Android);<\/li>\n<li>\u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Electron \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u0438\u0439 Tauri;<\/li>\n<li>\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>JavaScript \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, Stack Overflow Developer Survey). \u0422\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0434, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 HTML \u0438 CSS &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 JS \u043d\u0435 \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 JavaScript &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044b, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 DOM &#8212; \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a (\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 React) &#8212; \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 JS.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0435\u043c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>JavaScript &#8212; \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, ECMAScript &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442, Java &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a; \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043a JS \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 Node.js, \u043d\u043e API \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0435: \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 Node.js \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u0443\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (\u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442, \u0431\u044d\u043a, \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f) \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u043b\u0430\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 TypeScript, \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0410\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u043d\u0430 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434 &#8212; ES2024 \u0438 ES2025; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 Node.js \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, event loop \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 DOM \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f. \u041d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/javascript-basic\/?int_article=javascript-opisanie-preimushhestva-i-nedostatki-ispolzovanie&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">JavaScript Basic<\/a> \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e JavaScript &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 Otus \u043f\u043e <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=javascript-opisanie-preimushhestva-i-nedostatki-ispolzovanie&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/a> \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f == \u043e\u0442 === \u0432 JavaScript?<\/strong><br \/>\n<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">==<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">'5' == 5<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">true<\/code>), \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">===<\/code> \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">'5' === 5<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">false<\/code>). \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">===<\/code>, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c JavaScript \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Node.js, Deno \u0438\u043b\u0438 Bun &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 JS-\u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c Java, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c JavaScript?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435\u0442. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043c, \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f; \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 Java \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 JavaScript \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>JavaScript &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (Node.js, Deno, Bun). \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0443\u043c\u0430\u043b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0411\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0410\u0439\u043a \u0432 1995 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Netscape; 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