{"id":432,"date":"2026-09-17T05:17:30","date_gmt":"2026-09-17T05:17:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=432"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:49:29","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:49:29","slug":"raznica-mezhdu-sql-i-t-sql","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/raznica-mezhdu-sql-i-t-sql\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 SQL \u0438 T-SQL"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>SQL<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0430 <strong>T-SQL<\/strong> (Transact-SQL) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442 SQL \u043e\u0442 Microsoft, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 Microsoft SQL Server. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f, T-SQL &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 SQL, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">SQL: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">T-SQL: \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442 Microsoft \u0434\u043b\u044f SQL Server<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">SQL \u0438 T-SQL: \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u0427\u0442\u043e T-SQL \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e SQL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 SQL, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 T-SQL, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435, \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414, \u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 SQL Server.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>SQL &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 (ANSI\/ISO), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414: MySQL, PostgreSQL, Oracle Database, SQLite, MS SQL Server. \u041d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">INSERT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">UPDATE<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DELETE<\/code> \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445.<\/p>\n<p>T-SQL &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f SQL \u0432 SQL Server \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f, \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414: \u0443 Oracle \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 PL\/SQL, \u0443 PostgreSQL &#8212; PL\/pgSQL.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443: \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e SQL \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0432 T-SQL (T-SQL &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e), \u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0441 T-SQL-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">SQL: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/h2>\n<p>SQL (Structured Query Language) \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0432 IBM \u0432 1970-\u0445 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u041a\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0430. \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438: ANSI \u0432 1986 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, ISO \u0432 1987 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 SQL \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414.<\/p>\n<p>SQL &#8212; \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439: \u0432\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435, <strong>\u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/strong> \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 <strong>\u043a\u0430\u043a<\/strong> \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c. \u041f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>DDL<\/strong> (Data Definition Language) &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0411\u0414: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">CREATE<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ALTER<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DROP<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DML<\/strong> (Data Manipulation Language) &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">INSERT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">UPDATE<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DELETE<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>DCL<\/strong> (Data Control Language) &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GRANT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">REVOKE<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>TCL<\/strong> (Transaction Control Language) &#8212; \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">COMMIT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ROLLBACK<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SAVEPOINT<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u044f. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 MySQL \u0438 \u0432 SQL Server. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c SQL.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">T-SQL: \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442 Microsoft \u0434\u043b\u044f SQL Server<\/h2>\n<p><strong>Transact-SQL (T-SQL)<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442 SQL, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043a Microsoft SQL Server. \u0418\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 Microsoft \u0438 Sybase, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u043d \u0436\u0435 (\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435) \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 Sybase ASE &#8212; \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e SAP ASE. \u0412 \u044d\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 Microsoft T-SQL \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e Microsoft.<\/p>\n<p>T-SQL \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 SQL \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DECLARE @x INT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">@@ROWCOUNT<\/code>);<\/li>\n<li>\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">IF ... ELSE<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHILE<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">BEGIN ... END<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">TRY ... CATCH<\/code>;<\/li>\n<li>\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0434\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b;<\/li>\n<li>\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0433\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435;<\/li>\n<li>\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 Windows.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438. <strong>SQL Server<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442 (\u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414). <strong>T-SQL<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e. <strong>MS SQL<\/strong> &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">SQL \u0438 T-SQL: \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a<\/th>\n<th>SQL (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442)<\/th>\n<th>T-SQL (Transact-SQL)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 ANSI\/ISO<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442 SQL \u043e\u0442 Microsoft<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b ANSI\/ISO<\/td>\n<td>Microsoft (\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438 &#8212; Sybase)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u041b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 (\u0441 \u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438)<\/td>\n<td>\u0412 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c Microsoft SQL Server, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 SAP ASE<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0433\u043c\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f (\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442)<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">IF<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f T-SQL-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<td>PL\/SQL (Oracle), PL\/pgSQL (PostgreSQL)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u00abSQL \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043d IBM, T-SQL &#8212; Microsoft\u00bb \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e: IBM \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 SQL, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u044b\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u044b ANSI\/ISO, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 IBM.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u0427\u0442\u043e T-SQL \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443<\/h2>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430: \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e, \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044e. \u0412 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c SQL \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f, \u0430 \u0432 SQL Server &#8212; \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">dept<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">20<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'bi'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">DECLARE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">total<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">INT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">total<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SUM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">amount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sales<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">WHERE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">dept<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">dept<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">IF<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">total<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">500<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">PRINT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b '<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">dept<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">': \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 '<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">CAST<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">total<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">VARCHAR<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">', \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ELSE<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">PRINT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b '<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">@<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">dept<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">': \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 SQL Server (\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 Messages):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b bi: \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0430 800, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DECLARE<\/code>, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">@total = ...<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">IF ... PRINT<\/code> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 T-SQL. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0432 PostgreSQL \u0438\u043b\u0438 SQLite, \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">OVER<\/code>) \u0438 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SUM<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">AVG<\/code>) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e <strong>\u043d\u0435<\/strong> \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c T-SQL: \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 SQL \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 PostgreSQL, Oracle, \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c MySQL \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 SQLite. \u0423\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f T-SQL \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e SQL<\/h2>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0432 SQL Server, \u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e SQL. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 SQLite, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442; \u0432 SQL Server \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0434\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 &#8212; \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GROUP BY<\/code>, \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 &#8212; \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0445\u043b\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">CREATE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">TABLE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sales<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">INTEGER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">dept<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">TEXT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">amount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">INTEGER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">INSERT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">INTO<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sales<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">VALUES<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'sql'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'sql'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">300<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'bi'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">200<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'bi'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">600<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">dept<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SUM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">amount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">total<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AVG<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">amount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">avg_amount<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sales<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">GROUP<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">dept<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ORDER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">total<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">DESC<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SELECT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">dept<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">amount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">       <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">SUM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">amount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">OVER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">PARTITION<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">dept<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ORDER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">AS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">running_total<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">FROM<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sales<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">ORDER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">BY<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">dept<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 (\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">dept | total | avg_amount\nbi   | 800   | 400.0\nsql  | 400   | 200.0\n\nid | dept | amount | running_total\n3  | bi   | 200    | 200\n4  | bi   | 600    | 800\n1  | sql  | 100    | 100\n2  | sql  | 300    | 400\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b\u0441\u044f: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GROUP BY<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b \u0441 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">OVER (PARTITION BY ...)<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0435\u0446 \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c. \u041e\u0431\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 &#8212; \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0443\u044e \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b &#8212; \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e SQL \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 Microsoft &#8212; \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e T-SQL: \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 SQL Server.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e: \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 SQL (\u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438), \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>SQL &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0411\u0414 (ANSI\/ISO), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414; T-SQL (Transact-SQL) &#8212; \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442 SQL \u043e\u0442 Microsoft \u0434\u043b\u044f SQL Server.<\/li>\n<li>T-SQL &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u0434\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430: \u043e\u043d \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 SQL \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">IF<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHILE<\/code>, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044b), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044f\u044f: \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 SQL \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0432 SQL Server, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0441 T-SQL-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 (PostgreSQL, SQLite) \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">OVER<\/code>) \u0438 \u0430\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 SQL, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c T-SQL; \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f T-SQL \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0423 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: PL\/SQL \u0443 Oracle, PL\/pgSQL \u0443 PostgreSQL; \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>T-SQL &#8212; \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 SQL Server: \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0442\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0433\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 ETL \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441-\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c T-SQL \u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e SQL Server \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e &#8212; \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/ms-sql-server-razrabotchik\/?int_article=raznica-mezhdu-sql-i-t-sql&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">MS SQL Server \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a<\/a>. \u041e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=raznica-mezhdu-sql-i-t-sql&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 Otus<\/a> &#8212; \u0436\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/sql-opisanie-i-osobennosti\/\">SQL: \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/osnovy-raboty-s-bazami-sql\/\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438 SQL<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/osobennosti-raboty-s-ms-sql-data\/\">\u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 MS SQL<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>T-SQL \u0438 SQL Server &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435?<\/strong> \u041d\u0435\u0442. SQL Server &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442), \u0430 T-SQL &#8212; \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c T-SQL \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 PL\/SQL?<\/strong> \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b-\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438: T-SQL &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f Microsoft SQL Server, PL\/SQL &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f Oracle Database. \u0418\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f (SQL \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430), \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 SQL-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0432 SQL Server?<\/strong> \u0414\u0430. T-SQL \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 SQL, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">INSERT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">UPDATE<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DELETE<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 SQL Server \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e: \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0441 T-SQL-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SQL &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0430 T-SQL (Transact-SQL) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442 SQL \u043e\u0442 Microsoft, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 Microsoft SQL Server. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f, T-SQL &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 SQL, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 SQL: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 T-SQL: \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":475,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[38,39,40],"class_list":["post-432","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-sql","tag-t-sql","tag-bazy-dannyh"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"SQL - \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0411\u0414, T-SQL - \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043e\u0442 Microsoft \u0434\u043b\u044f SQL Server. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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