{"id":4299,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=4299"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:29:07","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:29:07","slug":"abstraktnye-klassy-v-dzhave","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/abstraktnye-klassy-v-dzhave\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0432 Java: abstract, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/strong> \u0432 Java &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract<\/code>: \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code> \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f, \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430, \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f), \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 abstract<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0428\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438 sealed: \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract<\/code>, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u00ab\u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u00bb \u0441 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c default-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 sealed. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 OpenJDK 25.0.4 (Java 25 LTS) 24.09.2026.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/strong> &#8212; \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract<\/code> \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u043b\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434<\/strong> &#8212; \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract<\/code> \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430: \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043a. \u041e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441<\/strong> &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0434 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">interface<\/code>). \u041e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442; \u0441 Java 8 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c default- \u0438 static-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0441 Java 9 &#8212; private-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f: \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435), \u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b. \u041e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">enum<\/code>: \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract<\/code> \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">PLUS { int apply(int a, int b) { return a + b; } }<\/code>); \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 enum \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/h2>\n<p>\u0410\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f: \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a \u0441 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u0430\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442. \u0428\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f &#8212; \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Shape<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">private<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">protected<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Shape<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">area<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">describe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\": \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">format<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"%.2f\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">area<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Circle<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">extends<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Shape<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">private<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Circle<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">super<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041a\u0440\u0443\u0433\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF\">@Override<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">area<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Math<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">PI<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Rectangle<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">extends<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Shape<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">private<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">w<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">h<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Rectangle<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">w<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">h<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">super<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">w<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">w<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">h<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">h<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF\">@Override<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">area<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">w<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">h<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Shape<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">shapes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Circle<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1.5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">), <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Rectangle<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) };<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Shape<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> : <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">shapes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">describe<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Main.java<\/code>, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">javac Main.java<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">java Main<\/code>. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u041a\u0440\u0443\u0433: \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c 7.07\n\u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a: \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0434\u044c 6.00\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract class Shape<\/code> &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Shape<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Shape<\/code> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Circle<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Rectangle<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private final String name<\/code> &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">protected Shape(String name)<\/code> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super(...)<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">public abstract double area();<\/code> &#8212; \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434: \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">describe()<\/code> &#8212; \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">area()<\/code>. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c, JVM \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 abstract<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0421\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n<th>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e?<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code> \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">is abstract; cannot be instantiated<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0442\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b, static-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">main<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract<\/code> + <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private<\/code> \/ <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code> \/ <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">final<\/code> \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">illegal combination of modifiers<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract<\/code> + <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">final<\/code> \u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">illegal combination of modifiers: abstract and final<\/code> &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">final<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0435\u043d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0410\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new Base() { ... }<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Base<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private<\/code>-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code>-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u043d\u043e; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">final<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 1. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430.<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Shape<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">area<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Shape<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Shape<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">javac<\/code> (JDK 25):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">Main.java:7: error: Shape is abstract; cannot be instantiated\n        Shape s = new Shape();\n                  ^\n1 error\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Shape s = new Circle(1.5);<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 2. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b.<\/strong><\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Shape<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">area<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">perimeter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Square<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">extends<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Shape<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">private<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Square<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF\">@Override<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">double<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">area<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Square<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">).<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">area<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">Main.java:6: error: Square is not abstract and does not override abstract method perimeter() in Shape\nclass Square extends Shape {\n^\n1 error\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Square<\/code> \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">public double perimeter() { return 4 * a; }<\/code>. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Square<\/code> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract<\/code>, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 3. \u041d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b.<\/strong> \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private abstract void draw();<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static abstract void make();<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">final abstract void resize();<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">javac<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">illegal combination of modifiers: abstract and private<\/code> (\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">final<\/code>). \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private<\/code>-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">javac<\/code> \u0438\u0437 OpenJDK 25 \u0441 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u044e; \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435 JDK \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0443 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043b\u0438 (\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432). \u0412\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 &#8212; \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super(...)<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">protected<\/code>: \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c &#8212; \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e) \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"Base: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">init<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">init<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Child<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">extends<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">private<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greeting<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Child<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">super<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"Child: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, greeting = \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greeting<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF\">@Override<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">init<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"Child.init: greeting = \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greeting<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Child<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">Base: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\nChild.init: greeting = null\nChild: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, greeting = \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">init()<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Child<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">null<\/code>. \u0414\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int<\/code> \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0<\/code>, \u0434\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">boolean<\/code> &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">false<\/code>. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">private<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greeting<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">protected<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greeting<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greeting<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greeting<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"Base: greeting = \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greeting<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">protected<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">greeting<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greeting<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Child<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">extends<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Child<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">super<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"Child: \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">greeting<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Child<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">anon<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Base<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { };<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">anon<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getClass<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">().<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getSuperclass<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">().<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getSimpleName<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">Base: greeting = \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\nChild: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442\nBase: greeting = \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\nBase\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u00ab\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c\u00bb: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new Base(...) { }<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Base<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u043e Java 8 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0431\u044b\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c: \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 &#8212; \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434. \u0421 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c default-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/th>\n<th>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/th>\n<th>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 (\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u0430)<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">public static final<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u041b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">default<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private<\/code> (\u0441 Java 9)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">public<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">protected<\/code>, \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">public<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">extends<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">implements<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sealed ... permits<\/code> (Java 17+)<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sealed ... permits<\/code> (Java 17+)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">record<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0442, record \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430, record \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d <strong>\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442<\/strong>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b, &#8212; \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441;<\/li>\n<li>\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <strong>\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c<\/strong>, \u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0438 &#8212; \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441;<\/li>\n<li>\u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435 &#8212; \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">List<\/code> &#8212; \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">AbstractList<\/code> &#8212; \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Default-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e: \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 (\u0438\u0445 \u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 default-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0428\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438 sealed: \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 &#8212; \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d \u00ab\u0448\u0430\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u00bb: \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">final<\/code>-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0438. \u0421 Java 17 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sealed<\/code>, \u0430 \u0441 Java 21 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">switch<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">default<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">sealed<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">interface<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Payment<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">permits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Card<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Cash<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">default<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">currency<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"RUB\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">record<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Card<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">last4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">amount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">implements<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Payment<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">record<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Cash<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">amount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">implements<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Payment<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">sealed<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Report<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">permits<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DailyReport<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">MonthlyReport<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">private<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">protected<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Report<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">protected<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">body<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">render<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"== \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\" ==\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">body<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">DailyReport<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">extends<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Report<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DailyReport<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">super<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">); }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF\">@Override<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">protected<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">body<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0439: 2\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">MonthlyReport<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">extends<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Report<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">MonthlyReport<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">super<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">); }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF\">@Override<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">protected<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">body<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0439: 41\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Payment<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">p<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">switch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">p<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">case<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Card<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 *\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">last4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\", \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">amount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\" \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">currency<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">case<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Cash<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435, \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">amount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\" \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">currency<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        };<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">kind<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Report<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">switch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">case<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DailyReport<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">d<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">case<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">MonthlyReport<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        };<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">void<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">[]<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Card<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"4242\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1500<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Cash<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">300<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Report<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DailyReport<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kind<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">out<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">println<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">render<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 *4242, 1500 RUB\n\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435, 300 RUB\n\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439\n== \u0414\u0435\u043d\u044c ==\n\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0439: 2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Payment<\/code> &#8212; sealed-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441: \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 record-\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Report<\/code> &#8212; sealed \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441: \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">title<\/code> \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">render()<\/code>, \u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">body()<\/code>. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a sealed-\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">final<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sealed<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">non-sealed<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">is abstract; cannot be instantiated<\/code><\/strong> &#8212; \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430. \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430.<\/li>\n<li><strong><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">is not abstract and does not override abstract method ...<\/code><\/strong> &#8212; \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">@Override<\/code> \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0443.<\/li>\n<li><strong><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">missing method body, or declare abstract<\/code><\/strong> &#8212; \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract<\/code>. \u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 (\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u043d\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">null<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0<\/code><\/strong> &#8212; \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super(...)<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">the switch expression does not cover all possible input values<\/code><\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f sealed-\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 &#8212; \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">switch<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">case<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">permits<\/code> \u0438 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">case<\/code>, \u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 21.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0432 Java \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract<\/code>, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code>, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 &#8212; \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430; \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u0421\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">abstract<\/code> \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">final<\/code> \u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0443 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">super(...)<\/code>; \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b.<\/li>\n<li>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0441 default-\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f; \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421 Java 17 \u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sealed<\/code>, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">switch<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">InputStream<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">AbstractList<\/code>), \u0432\u043e \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0439: \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 Java-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u00ab\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430\u00bb \u0437\u0432\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430, \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u00ab\u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\u00bb \u0441 Java 8 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u041e\u041e\u041f \u0432 Java \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/java-basic\/?int_article=abstraktnye-klassy-v-dzhave&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00abJava \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb<\/a>. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=abstraktnye-klassy-v-dzhave&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430. \u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">main<\/code> \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">main<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">java Main<\/code> \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Main<\/code> \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">protected<\/code>?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430. \u0412 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">public<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">protected<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c; \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0432 Java &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c abstract: \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 new \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f, \u043e\u043d \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430, \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f), \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":4300,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[75],"class_list":["post-4299","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-java"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0432 Java: \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e abstract, \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 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