{"id":4027,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=4027"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:29:10","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:29:10","slug":"veb-programma-opisanie-i-osobennosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/veb-programma-opisanie-i-osobennosti\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430<\/strong> (\u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u041f\u041e) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440: \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 Node.js<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 JSON<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0427\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u041d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s12\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u00ab\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u00bb \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e: \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 (PWA). \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u041f\u041e, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 Node.js 24 (\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2026).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b; \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td>Chrome, Firefox, \u042f\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/td>\n<td>Node.js-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, nginx<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u0411\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442-\u0432\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>API (\u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441)<\/td>\n<td>\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432 JSON<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/api\/time<\/code> \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0442\u0430: \u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a &#8212; \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0430\u043a\u043a\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b), \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 &#8212; \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c <strong>\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/strong> \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b <strong>HTTP<\/strong>. \u0423\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441. \u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 DNS \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0434\u043b\u044f HTTPS &#8212; \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, TLS).<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GET<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">POST<\/code>), \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0443: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442: \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 (200, 404, 500), \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e &#8212; HTML-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 JSON.<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTML \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 JavaScript. \u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043a API \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f. \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 CDN, \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u043a\u0435\u0448, \u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e. \u041f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e HTTP \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443 80, HTTPS &#8212; \u043d\u0430 443; \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b (3000, 8080) \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0435. HTTP\/1.1 \u0438 HTTP\/2 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 TCP, \u0430 HTTP\/3 &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 QUIC, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 UDP. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432: \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 Node.js<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a: \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTML-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0438 API, \u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ server.mjs - \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a (Node.js 24)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">createServer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> } <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'node:http'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">page<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`&lt;!doctype html&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">&lt;html lang=\"ru\"&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">&lt;meta charset=\"utf-8\"&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">&lt;title&gt;\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435&lt;\/title&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">&lt;button id=\"btn\"&gt;\u0423\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430&lt;\/button&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">&lt;p id=\"out\"&gt;\u041d\u0430\u0436\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0443&lt;\/p&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">&lt;script&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">  document.getElementById('btn').addEventListener('click', async () =&gt; {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">    const out = document.getElementById('out');<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">    const res = await fetch('\/api\/time');   \/\/ \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">    if (!res.ok) { out.textContent = '\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 ' + res.status; return; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">    const data = await res.json();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">    out.textContent = '\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440: ' + data.time;  \/\/ textContent, \u043d\u0435 innerHTML<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">  });<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">&lt;\/script&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">&lt;\/html&gt;`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">server<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">createServer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">((<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">req<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) =&gt; {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">req<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">method<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">===<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'GET'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">req<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">url<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">===<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\/'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">writeHead<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">200<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, { <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'Content-Type'<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'text\/html; charset=utf-8'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> });<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">end<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">page<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  } <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">else<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">req<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">method<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">===<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'GET'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">req<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">url<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">===<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\/api\/time'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">writeHead<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">200<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, { <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'Content-Type'<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'application\/json'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> });<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">end<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">JSON<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stringify<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">({ <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">time<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Date<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">().<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">toISOString<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() }));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  } <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">else<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">writeHead<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">404<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, { <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'Content-Type'<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'text\/html; charset=utf-8'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> });<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">end<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'&lt;h1&gt;404: \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0430&lt;\/h1&gt;'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">});<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">server<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">listen<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3000<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'127.0.0.1'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, () =&gt; {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">});<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">node server.mjs<\/code>. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000<\/code>. \u0412 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 ISO, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440: 2026-09-24T12:36:37.369Z<\/code>. \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 API \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">$ curl -i http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000\/api\/time\nHTTP\/1.1 200 OK\nContent-Type: application\/json\n...\n{&quot;time&quot;:&quot;2026-09-24T12:36:37.369Z&quot;}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/strong> (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">createServer<\/code>) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/strong> (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">page<\/code>) &#8212; HTML \u0438 JavaScript, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434.<\/li>\n<li><strong>API<\/strong> <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/api\/time<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 JSON, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b SPA: \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">127.0.0.1<\/code>, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b HTTPS, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043b &#8212; \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 JSON<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0436\u0434\u0435\u0442 JSON, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ bad.mjs - \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">fetch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000\/api\/tme'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">json<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">time<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 404 \u0441 HTML-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">res.json()<\/code> \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a JSON. \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 (Node.js 24.21):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">SyntaxError: Unexpected token &#x27;&lt;&#x27;, &quot;&lt;h1&gt;404: \u0441&quot;... is not valid JSON\n    at JSON.parse (&lt;anonymous&gt;)\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;<\/code>, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ good.mjs - \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">async<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getJson<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">url<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">fetch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">url<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">type<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">headers<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'content-type'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">??<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">''<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ok<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">||<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">type<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">includes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'application\/json'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">throw<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Error<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`HTTP ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">status<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}, \u0442\u0438\u043f ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">type<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">||<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d'}: ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">url<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">res<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">json<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">((<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getJson<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000\/api\/time'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)).<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">time<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">((<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">getJson<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000\/api\/tme'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)).<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">time<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">} <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">err<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">error<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430:'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">err<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">message<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">2026-09-24T12:36:37.448Z\n\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: HTTP 404, \u0442\u0438\u043f text\/html; charset=utf-8: http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000\/api\/tme\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443: \u043a\u043e\u0434 404 \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Error: listen EADDRINUSE: address already in use 127.0.0.1:3000<\/code> &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442, \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u041e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0435 (Ctrl+C \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">server.listen<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 HTML \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">file:\/\/<\/code>), \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/api\/time<\/code> \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0427\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/th>\n<th>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<th>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u041c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u041e\u0421<\/td>\n<td>\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435; \u0443 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b (\u0443 PWA &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f service worker)<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n<td>\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d, \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442; PWA &#8212; \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d API \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u043c\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u0428\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u041e\u0421<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u041b\u044e\u0431\u0430\u044f \u041e\u0421 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u041e\u0421<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e iOS \u0438 Android \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041e\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439 &#8212; \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u0436\u0435 HTML, CSS, JavaScript \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, &#8212; \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439: \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 Electron (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, VS Code) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0412\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0412\u0438\u0434<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>MPA (\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435)<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 &#8212; \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 HTML \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SPA (\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435)<\/td>\n<td>HTML \u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 JavaScript \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430, \u0442\u0430\u0441\u043a-\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>SSR + \u0433\u0438\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434)<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 HTML, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u00ab\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u00bb \u043a\u0430\u043a SPA<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430, \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 Next.js, Nuxt<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>PWA<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 service worker: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442 \u00ab\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u00bb \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041c\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>PWA &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 SPA \u0438\u043b\u0438 MPA. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u041e\u0421: \u043d\u0430 iOS \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b &#8212; \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 SPA: \u0432\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0435, \u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a &#8212; \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043a \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u043d\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440.<\/li>\n<li>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d &#8212; \u0433\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434: \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0442 &#8212; \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u041d\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b<\/h2>\n<p>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430 &#8212; HTML, CSS \u0438 JavaScript (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e TypeScript, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 JavaScript). \u0418\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 WebAssembly (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, C# \u0432 Blazor \u0438\u043b\u0438 Rust): \u043e\u043d \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 HTML-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0441 JavaScript \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a DOM. \u0411\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<th>\u0422\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438<\/th>\n<th>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441<\/td>\n<td>HTML, CSS, JavaScript\/TypeScript<\/td>\n<td>React, Vue, Angular, Svelte<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td>JavaScript\/TypeScript (Node.js)<\/td>\n<td>Express, NestJS, Next.js<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td>Python<\/td>\n<td>Django, FastAPI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td>PHP<\/td>\n<td>Laravel, Symfony<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td>Java, Kotlin<\/td>\n<td>Spring Boot<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td>C#<\/td>\n<td>ASP.NET Core<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td>Go<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">net\/http<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/td>\n<td>SQL \u0438 NoSQL<\/td>\n<td>PostgreSQL, MySQL, Redis, MongoDB<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u00ab\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u00bb. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0435 (JavaScript\/TypeScript) &#8212; \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b: HTTPS \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">curl<\/code>), \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 SQL-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">textContent<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">innerHTML<\/code>. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0437\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 <a href=\"\/journal\/kak-napisat-veb-prilozhenie-chto-nuzhno-pomnit-pered-sozdaniem\/\">\u00ab\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c\u00bb<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 (\u0432\u0435\u0431-\u041f\u041e) &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440; \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 &#8212; \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438 HTTP: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 HTML \u0438\u043b\u0438 JSON.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435\u0439 (\u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438), \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435\u0439; \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u041f\u041e &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>\u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b &#8212; MPA, SPA, \u0433\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434 \u0441 SSR \u0438 PWA; \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043a \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0424\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 HTML, CSS \u0438 JavaScript\/TypeScript, \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434 &#8212; \u043d\u0430 Node.js, Python, PHP, Java, C#, Go \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435: \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441 API \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u042d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f fullstack-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u044f, &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/specializacija-fullstack-dev\/?int_article=veb-programma-opisanie-i-osobennosti&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00abFullstack-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u00bb<\/a>. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=veb-programma-opisanie-i-osobennosti&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s12\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u041f\u041e \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u041f\u041e &#8212; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c. \u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u041f\u041e (SaaS) &#8212; \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435; \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0431, \u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u041f\u041a \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">localStorage<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 IndexedDB): \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b. \u041d\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a. \u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e 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