{"id":3893,"date":"2026-09-23T03:56:11","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T03:56:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=3893"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:36:25","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:36:25","slug":"patterny-v-dzhave","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/patterny-v-dzhave\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 Java: \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong> — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 — \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 — \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 -> \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u00bb \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 Java \u0441 Singleton, Builder, Strategy \u0438 Observer. \u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 Java 25 (OpenJDK 25.0.4, \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2026), \u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 Java 17+.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d, \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432 GoF<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d: \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d, \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0432 Java<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0410\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c<\/td>\n\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n\u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0432 Arrays.binarySearch<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n\u0413\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/td>\njava.util<\/code>, Jackson<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d<\/td>\n\u0421\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0448\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c<\/td>\nStrategy, Observer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u041a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u0437 23 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u00abDesign Patterns\u00bb (1994) \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 — \u0413\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u0425\u0435\u043b\u043c\u0430, \u0414\u0436\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0412\u043b\u0438\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 GoF (Gang of Four).<\/p>\n

    \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0432 GoF<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0413\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430<\/th>\n\u0420\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n\u041f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b GoF<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u041f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 (5)<\/td>\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043a\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b<\/td>\nSingleton, Factory Method, Abstract Factory, Builder, Prototype<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 (7)<\/td>\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b<\/td>\nAdapter, Bridge, Composite, Decorator, Facade, Flyweight, Proxy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 (11)<\/td>\n\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\nChain of Responsibility, Command, Interpreter, Iterator, Mediator, Memento, Observer, State, Strategy, Template Method, Visitor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432 JDK. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 Comparator<\/code> — \u044d\u0442\u043e Strategy: \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 sort<\/code> \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438. BufferedReader<\/code>, \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 Reader<\/code>, — Decorator. java.util.Iterator<\/code> — Iterator.<\/p>\n

    \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d: \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430<\/h2>\n

    \u041f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/th>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0423 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\nBuilder<\/td>\n2-3 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f — \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 record<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0410\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439<\/td>\nStrategy (\u0432 Java \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043b\u044f\u043c\u0431\u0434\u0430)<\/td>\n\u0412\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435<\/td>\nObserver<\/td>\n\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\nSingleton<\/td>\n\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 DI-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0427\u0443\u0436\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u043c<\/td>\nAdapter<\/td>\n\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a — \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b \u00ab\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u00bb: \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043e\u0434\u044b.<\/p>\n

    \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435<\/h2>\n

    \u0421\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 — \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437: Builder \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442, Strategy \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0443, Observer \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, Singleton \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443. \u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a Patterns.java<\/code> \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438 java Patterns.java<\/code> (\u0442\u0430\u043a, \u0431\u0435\u0437 javac<\/code>, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441 Java 11).<\/p>\n

    import<\/span> <\/span>java.util.ArrayList<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.util.List<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.util.function.Consumer<\/span>;<\/span>\n\npublic<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> Patterns<\/span> {<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>\/\/ Singleton: enum - \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/span>\n    <\/span>enum<\/span> <\/span>AppConfig<\/span> {<\/span>\n        <\/span>INSTANCE<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>private<\/span> <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>currency<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>\"RUB\"<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>currency<\/span>() { <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>currency<\/span>; }<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>\/\/ Builder: \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0432 build()<\/span>\n    <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> Order<\/span> {<\/span>\n        <\/span>private<\/span> <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>customer<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>private<\/span> <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>amount<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>private<\/span> <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>boolean<\/span> <\/span>express<\/span>;<\/span>\n\n        <\/span>private<\/span> <\/span>Order<\/span>(<\/span>Builder<\/span> <\/span>b<\/span>) {<\/span>\n            <\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>customer<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>b<\/span>.<\/span>customer<\/span>;<\/span>\n            <\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>amount<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>b<\/span>.<\/span>amount<\/span>;<\/span>\n            <\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>express<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>b<\/span>.<\/span>express<\/span>;<\/span>\n        }<\/span>\n\n        <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>Builder<\/span> <\/span>builder<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>customer<\/span>) { <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>Builder<\/span>(<\/span>customer<\/span>); }<\/span>\n\n        <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> Builder<\/span> {<\/span>\n            <\/span>private<\/span> <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>customer<\/span>;<\/span>\n            <\/span>private<\/span> <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>amount<\/span>;<\/span>\n            <\/span>private<\/span> <\/span>boolean<\/span> <\/span>express<\/span>;<\/span>\n\n            <\/span>private<\/span> <\/span>Builder<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>customer<\/span>) { <\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>customer<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>customer<\/span>; }<\/span>\n            <\/span>Builder<\/span> <\/span>amount<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>amount<\/span>) { <\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>amount<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>amount<\/span>; <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>this<\/span>; }<\/span>\n            <\/span>Builder<\/span> <\/span>express<\/span>(<\/span>boolean<\/span> <\/span>express<\/span>) { <\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>express<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>express<\/span>; <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>this<\/span>; }<\/span>\n            <\/span>Order<\/span> <\/span>build<\/span>() {<\/span>\n                <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>amount<\/span> <\/span><=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>) <\/span>throw<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>IllegalStateException<\/span>(<\/span>\"amount must be > 0\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n                <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>Order<\/span>(<\/span>this<\/span>);<\/span>\n            }<\/span>\n        }<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>\/\/ Strategy: \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438<\/span>\n    <\/span>interface<\/span> DeliveryPolicy<\/span> {<\/span>\n        <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>cost<\/span>(<\/span>Order<\/span> <\/span>order<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>\/\/ Observer: \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445<\/span>\n    <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> OrderEvents<\/span> {<\/span>\n        <\/span>private<\/span> <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>List<\/span><<\/span>Consumer<\/span><<\/span>Order<\/span>>><\/span> <\/span>listeners<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>ArrayList<\/span><><\/span>();<\/span>\n        <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>subscribe<\/span>(<\/span>Consumer<\/span><<\/span>Order<\/span>><\/span> <\/span>l<\/span>) { <\/span>listeners<\/span>.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>l<\/span>); }<\/span>\n        <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>publish<\/span>(<\/span>Order<\/span> <\/span>o<\/span>) { <\/span>for<\/span> (<\/span>Consumer<\/span><<\/span>Order<\/span>><\/span> <\/span>l<\/span> : <\/span>listeners<\/span>) <\/span>l<\/span>.<\/span>accept<\/span>(<\/span>o<\/span>); }<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[]<\/span> <\/span>args<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>Order<\/span> <\/span>order<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>Order<\/span>.<\/span>builder<\/span>(<\/span>\"Anna\"<\/span>).<\/span>amount<\/span>(<\/span>4500<\/span>).<\/span>express<\/span>(<\/span>true<\/span>).<\/span>build<\/span>();<\/span>\n\n        <\/span>DeliveryPolicy<\/span> <\/span>standard<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>o<\/span> <\/span>-><\/span> <\/span>o<\/span>.<\/span>amount<\/span> <\/span>>=<\/span> <\/span>5000<\/span> <\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span> : <\/span>300<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>DeliveryPolicy<\/span> <\/span>express<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>o<\/span> <\/span>-><\/span> <\/span>700<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>DeliveryPolicy<\/span> <\/span>policy<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>order<\/span>.<\/span>express<\/span> <\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>express<\/span> : <\/span>standard<\/span>;<\/span>\n\n        <\/span>OrderEvents<\/span> <\/span>events<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>OrderEvents<\/span>();<\/span>\n        <\/span>events<\/span>.<\/span>subscribe<\/span>(<\/span>o<\/span> <\/span>-><\/span> <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"email: order for \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>o<\/span>.<\/span>customer<\/span>));<\/span>\n        <\/span>events<\/span>.<\/span>subscribe<\/span>(<\/span>o<\/span> <\/span>-><\/span> <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"stats: +\"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>o<\/span>.<\/span>amount<\/span>));<\/span>\n\n        <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"delivery = \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>policy<\/span>.<\/span>cost<\/span>(<\/span>order<\/span>) <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>\" \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>AppConfig<\/span>.<\/span>INSTANCE<\/span>.<\/span>currency<\/span>());<\/span>\n        <\/span>events<\/span>.<\/span>publish<\/span>(<\/span>order<\/span>);<\/span>\n\n        <\/span>try<\/span> {<\/span>\n            <\/span>Order<\/span>.<\/span>builder<\/span>(<\/span>\"Oleg\"<\/span>).<\/span>build<\/span>();<\/span>\n        } <\/span>catch<\/span> (<\/span>IllegalStateException<\/span> <\/span>e<\/span>) {<\/span>\n            <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"builder: \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>e<\/span>.<\/span>getMessage<\/span>());<\/span>\n        }<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438:<\/p>\n
    delivery = 700 RUB\nemail: order for Anna\nstats: +4500\nbuilder: amount must be > 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0421 express(false)<\/code> \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 delivery = 300 RUB<\/code>: \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442.<\/p>\n
    Singleton: \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435\u0445<\/h3>\n
    Singleton<\/strong> \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443. Enum-\u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e JVM \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 INSTANCE<\/code> \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0444\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440. \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u00ab\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f\u00bb \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f if (instance == null) instance = new ...<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n
    \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430: \u00ab\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440\u00bb — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440. \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 — \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442 AppConfig.INSTANCE<\/code>, \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u0412 Spring \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0442\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442: \u0431\u0438\u043d \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 scope singleton — \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430 (\u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430), \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440.<\/p>\n
    Builder: \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h3>\n
    Builder<\/strong> \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. .amount(4500).express(true)<\/code> \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c new Order(\"Anna\", 4500, true)<\/code> \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c true<\/code>. \u041e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 customer<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0432 build()<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 — \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 Builder \u0438\u0437 \u00abEffective Java\u00bb \u0411\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0430; \u0432 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0435 GoF \u0443 Builder \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c (Director), \u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 Java \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 record<\/code>.<\/p>\n
    Strategy: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 if-\u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043a<\/h3>\n
    Strategy<\/strong> \u0432\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u043c\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u043c. DeliveryPolicy<\/code> — \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 (\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043b\u044f\u043c\u0431\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0421 Java 8 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 — \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043b\u044f\u043c\u0431\u0434\u044b; \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n
    Observer: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430<\/h3>\n
    Observer<\/strong> \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432: OrderEvents<\/code> \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e email \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443. \u0421\u043b\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e — \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0447\u0438\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n
    import<\/span> <\/span>java.util.ArrayList<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.util.List<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.util.function.Consumer<\/span>;<\/span>\n\npublic<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> Broken<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>List<\/span><<\/span>Consumer<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>>><\/span> <\/span>listeners<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>ArrayList<\/span><><\/span>();<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>publish<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>msg<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>for<\/span> (<\/span>Consumer<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span> <\/span>l<\/span> : <\/span>listeners<\/span>) <\/span>l<\/span>.<\/span>accept<\/span>(<\/span>msg<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> Once<\/span> <\/span>implements<\/span> <\/span>Consumer<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span> {<\/span>\n        <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>accept<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>msg<\/span>) {<\/span>\n            <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"once: \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>msg<\/span>);<\/span>\n            <\/span>listeners<\/span>.<\/span>remove<\/span>(<\/span>this<\/span>);<\/span>\n        }<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[]<\/span> <\/span>args<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>listeners<\/span>.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>Once<\/span>());<\/span>\n        <\/span>listeners<\/span>.<\/span>add<\/span>(<\/span>msg<\/span> <\/span>-><\/span> <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"log: \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>msg<\/span>));<\/span>\n        <\/span>publish<\/span>(<\/span>\"order created\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 — \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445:<\/p>\n
    once: order created\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 ArrayList<\/code> \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0438\u043b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0438, \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 java.util.ConcurrentModificationException<\/code>. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 — \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c new ArrayList<>()<\/code> \u043d\u0430 new CopyOnWriteArrayList<>()<\/code> \u0438\u0437 java.util.concurrent<\/code>. \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n
    once: order created\nlog: order created\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    CopyOnWriteArrayList<\/code> \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 — \u043e\u043d \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e, \u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e.<\/p>\n
    \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n