{"id":3363,"date":"2026-09-20T05:34:51","date_gmt":"2026-09-20T05:34:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=3363"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:42:12","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:42:12","slug":"kalkulyator-istinnosti-vse-o-logike-dlya-programmista","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/kalkulyator-istinnosti-vse-o-logike-dlya-programmista\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0411\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430: \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0411\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/strong> (\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">True<\/code>, 1) \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">False<\/code>, 0). \u0418\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0436\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">if<\/code>, \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044b, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0418 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">and<\/code>) \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0418 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp;<\/code>) &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0411\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u044b \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0434\u0435 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0418, \u0418\u041b\u0418, \u041d\u0415, XOR, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c), \u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0435 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435. \u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0418 \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0418 &#8212; \u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0438 \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0433\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> &#8212; \u0443\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e (\u00ab5 &gt; 3\u00bb).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/strong> &#8212; \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 (\u0418, \u0418\u041b\u0418, \u041d\u0415 \u0438 \u0442.\u0434.).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/strong> &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/strong> (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">and<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">or<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">not<\/code>) &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0411\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/strong> (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp;<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">|<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">^<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">~<\/code>) &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438, \u043a \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044c A \u0438 B &#8212; \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e 0 (\u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c) \u0438\u043b\u0438 1 (\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430). \u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n<th>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n<th>\u041e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u044a\u044e\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0418, AND<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">and<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp;&amp;<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u0438\u0437\u044a\u044e\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0418\u041b\u0418, OR<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">or<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\\|\\|<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u041d\u0415, NOT<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">not<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">!<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0418\u041b\u0418<\/td>\n<td>XOR, \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044e 2<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">^<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u042d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">==<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0418\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f A -&gt; B \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">(not A) or B<\/code>, \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">A == B<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u0422\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0418, \u0418\u041b\u0418, XOR:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>A<\/th>\n<th>B<\/th>\n<th>A \u0418 B<\/th>\n<th>A \u0418\u041b\u0418 B<\/th>\n<th>A XOR B<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0418\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>A<\/th>\n<th>B<\/th>\n<th>A -&gt; B<\/th>\n<th>A \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432. B<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>A<\/th>\n<th>\u041d\u0415 A<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1<\/td>\n<td>0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e: \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 A \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 B \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e. \u0418\u0437 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 Python \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">and<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">or<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">not<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u044e\u0430\u043d\u0441 &#8212; \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">True<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">and<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">False<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># False<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">True<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">or<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">False<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>    <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># True<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">not<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">True<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>         <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># False<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># and\/or \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u041e\u041f\u0415\u0420\u0410\u041d\u0414, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 bool:<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">and<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>         <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \"\" (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">or<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"hello\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>     <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># hello (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">and<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>          <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 4 (\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b -&gt; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">False\nTrue\nFalse\n\nhello\n4\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"\" and 5<\/code>. \u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">and<\/code> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">or<\/code> &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439; \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb: \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">None<\/code>, \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 &#8212; \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e &#8212; <strong>\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> (short-circuit): \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u044f\u0441\u0435\u043d.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">def<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">side<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">():<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"side called\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">True<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">False<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">and<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">side<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># side \u041d\u0415 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f: \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a False<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">True<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">or<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">side<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>     <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># side \u041d\u0415 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f: \u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a True<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">False\nTrue\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">side called<\/code> \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442: \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">side()<\/code> \u0434\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">if user is not None and user.is_active<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0418 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">and<\/code>) \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0418 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp;<\/code>) &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435<\/h2>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">and<\/code> \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp;<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u043c \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0445 5 \u0438 3:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">bin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">bin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>       <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 0b101 0b11<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 1  -&gt; \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0418: 0b101 &amp; 0b011 = 0b001<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">|<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 7  -&gt; \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0418\u041b\u0418: 0b111<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">^<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 6  -&gt; \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 XOR: 0b110<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">~<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">5<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>      <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># -6 -&gt; \u0438\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">0b101 0b11\n1\n7\n6\n-6\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0411\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0418 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432: 1&amp;1=1, 0&amp;1=0, 1&amp;1=1, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0b001<\/code> = 1. \u0410 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">5 and 3<\/code> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">3<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u0445\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0433. \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp;<\/code> \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">and<\/code> \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">20<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: (x &gt; 0) and (x &lt; 10) -&gt; \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c False<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">True\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439: \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">False<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">True<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0435: \u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp;<\/code> \u043e\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0443 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 Python \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">x &gt; (0 &amp; x) &lt; 10<\/code>, \u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">(x &gt; 0) and (0 &lt; 10)<\/code>, \u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0438:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">20<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">((<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">and<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>   <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># False - \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">False\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435: \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439 (True\/False) \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">and<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">or<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">not<\/code>; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp;<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">|<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">^<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">~<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0411\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u0411\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0442 &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">READ<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WRITE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">EXEC<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0b001<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0b010<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0b100<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">perm<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">READ<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">|<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WRITE<\/span>      <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">bin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">perm<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>         <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 0b11<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">bool<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">perm<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WRITE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># True  - \u0431\u0438\u0442 WRITE \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">bool<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">perm<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">EXEC<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span> <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># False - \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430 EXEC \u043d\u0435\u0442<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">perm<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">|=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">EXEC<\/span>             <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">bin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">perm<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>         <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 0b111<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">perm<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">~<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WRITE<\/span>           <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0441\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">bin<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">perm<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>         <span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># 0b101<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">0b11\nTrue\nFalse\n0b111\n0b101\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">|<\/code> \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u0442, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp; \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp; ~\u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433<\/code> \u0441\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u0442. XOR (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">^<\/code>) \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u044b \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438: \u0434\u0435 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 &#8212; <strong>\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0435 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430<\/strong>: \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u044a\u044e\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0437\u044a\u044e\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041d\u0415 (A \u0418 B) = (\u041d\u0415 A) \u0418\u041b\u0418 (\u041d\u0415 B)<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0415 (A \u0418\u041b\u0418 B) = (\u041d\u0415 A) \u0418 (\u041d\u0415 B)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">False<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">True<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">):<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">False<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">True<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">):<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">left<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">not<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">and<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">right<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">not<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">or<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">not<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">left<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">right<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">left<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">==<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">right<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">False False True True True\nFalse True True True True\nTrue False True True True\nTrue True False False True\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">True<\/code>: \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">not (x and y)<\/code> \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">(not x) or (not y)<\/code> \u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430: \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">a and b = b and a<\/code>), \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">a or (a and b) = a<\/code> (\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0433\u043b\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0411\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 &#8212; \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c; \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432.<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440: \u0418, \u0418\u041b\u0418, \u041d\u0415, XOR, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">(not A) or B<\/code>), \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">A == B<\/code>); \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">and<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">or<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">not<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435), \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp;<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">|<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">^<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">~<\/code> &#8212; \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430; \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0423 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&amp;<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0443 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, &#8212; \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">and<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">or<\/code> \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043a; \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0435 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u0411\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439, \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">WHERE a AND b<\/code>), \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c \u0438 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0411\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435\u00bb \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u041b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0421\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/prikladnaya-matematika\/?int_article=kalkulyator-istinnosti-vse-o-logike-dlya-programmista&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/a>. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=kalkulyator-istinnosti-vse-o-logike-dlya-programmista&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a> &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438\u00bb?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0418\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f A -&gt; B \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435: \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435. \u0418\u0437 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0441 A=0 \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0443 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438\u00bb.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">and<\/code> \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">True<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">False<\/code>, \u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0412 Python <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">and<\/code> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">or<\/code> &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439; \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0 or \"hello\"<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">hello<\/code>, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">True<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>XOR &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u00bb?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">a ^ b<\/code> \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">a != b<\/code>. \u041d\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">^<\/code> \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0435\u043b, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0411\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 (\u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0431\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0430) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430 (True, 1) \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0436\u044c (False, 0). \u0418\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c\u044e \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0436\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u043b\u0433\u0435\u0431\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f if, \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044b, \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":3365,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[184,44,65],"class_list":["post-3363","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-logika","tag-matematika","tag-programmirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0411\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430: \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 AND, OR, NOT, XOR, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u044d\u043a\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u044b \u0434\u0435 \u041c\u043e\u0440\u0433\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 Python.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. Pavlenko\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/kalkulyator-istinnosti-vse-o-logike-dlya-programmista\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.2\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/kalkulyator-istinnosti-vse-o-logike-dlya-programmista\\\/#article\",\"name\":\"\\u0411\\u0443\\u043b\\u0435\\u0432\\u0430 \\u043b\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0433\\u0440\\u0430\\u043c\\u043c\\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0430: \\u0442\\u0430\\u0431\\u043b\\u0438\\u0446\\u044b \\u0438\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438\\u043d\\u043d\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u0438 | Otus\",\"headline\":\"\\u0411\\u0443\\u043b\\u0435\\u0432\\u0430 \\u043b\\u043e\\u0433\\u0438\\u043a\\u0430 \\u0434\\u043b\\u044f 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