{"id":3012,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=3012"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:30:03","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:30:03","slug":"rest-i-java-obuchenie-osnovam","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/rest-i-java-obuchenie-osnovam\/","title":{"rendered":"REST \u0432 Java: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 API \u043d\u0430 Spring Boot"},"content":{"rendered":"

REST \u0432 Java<\/strong> — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c HTTP API \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044f REST: \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\/api\/books\/1<\/code>), \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 HTTP (GET, POST, DELETE), \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 — \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 (200, 201, 404), \u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 JSON. Java \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 (Spring Boot, Jakarta REST) \u0438 HTTP-\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b (HttpClient<\/code>, RestClient<\/code>, RestTemplate<\/code>).<\/p>\n

\n

\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u041a\u0430\u043a REST \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b Java-\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 REST API \u043d\u0430 Spring Boot<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c API \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 curl<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: POST \u0431\u0435\u0437 Content-Type<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u041a\u0430\u043a API \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. REST-\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 Java: HttpClient \u0438 RestClient<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e API \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 production<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d: \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 REST API \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434 \u043d\u0430 React \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 Java-\u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 — \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 API \u043d\u0430 Spring Boot, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 curl, \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 Java.<\/p>\n

    \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b 24.09.2026 \u043d\u0430 Java 25 (Eclipse Temurin), Spring Boot 4.1.1 \u0438 Maven 3.9.16.<\/p>\n

    \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    REST<\/td>\n\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044c (\u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439), \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0420\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0424\u0438\u043b\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0432 2000 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443; \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    REST API<\/td>\nHTTP API, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c (\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Spring MVC \/ Spring Boot<\/td>\nSpring MVC \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b; Spring Boot \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c Tomcat \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Jakarta REST (JAX-RS)<\/td>\n\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 API Java \u0434\u043b\u044f REST-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 (\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 @Path<\/code>, @GET<\/code>); \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 — Jersey, RESTEasy<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    JSON<\/td>\n\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445; REST \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u0432 Java API \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f REST (stateless, \u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435) \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 REST API: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b, \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b HTTP \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/a>. \u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c — \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n

    \u041a\u0430\u043a REST \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b Java-\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/h2>\n

    \u0420\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u00ab\u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \/api\/books<\/code>, \u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u00ab\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 + \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u00bb \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 Java-\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441<\/th>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/th>\n\u0423\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0448\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    GET \/api\/books<\/code><\/td>\n\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433<\/td>\nall()<\/code><\/td>\n200<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    GET \/api\/books\/1<\/code><\/td>\n\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430<\/td>\none(1)<\/code><\/td>\n200 \u0438\u043b\u0438 404<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    POST \/api\/books<\/code> + JSON<\/td>\n\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443<\/td>\ncreate(...)<\/code><\/td>\n201 + \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a Location<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    DELETE \/api\/books\/1<\/code><\/td>\n\u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443<\/td>\ndelete(1)<\/code><\/td>\n204 \u0438\u043b\u0438 404<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 URL, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 JSON \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0432 Java-\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 — \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0432 JSON. \u0412\u0430\u0448\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 — \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n

    \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 REST API \u043d\u0430 Spring Boot<\/h2>\n

    \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 start.spring.io (Maven, Java 25, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 Spring Web \u0438 Validation) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432 IntelliJ IDEA \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 New Project -> Spring Boot. \u0412 Spring Boot 4 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f spring-boot-starter-webmvc<\/code>; \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f spring-boot-starter-web<\/code> \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c, \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u043e. \u0418\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 pom.xml<\/code>:<\/p>\n

    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><\/span>\n<project<\/span> <\/span>xmlns=<\/span>\"http:\/\/maven.apache.org\/POM\/4.0.0\"<\/span>\n         <\/span>xmlns:xsi=<\/span>\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema-instance\"<\/span>\n         <\/span>xsi:schemaLocation=<\/span>\"http:\/\/maven.apache.org\/POM\/4.0.0 https:\/\/maven.apache.org\/xsd\/maven-4.0.0.xsd\"<\/span>><\/span>\n    <\/span><modelVersion><\/span>4.0.0<\/modelVersion><\/span>\n    <\/span><parent><\/span>\n        <\/span><groupId><\/span>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId><\/span>\n        <\/span><artifactId><\/span>spring-boot-starter-parent<\/artifactId><\/span>\n        <\/span><version><\/span>4.1.1<\/version><\/span>\n        <\/span><relativePath\/><\/span>\n    <\/span><\/parent><\/span>\n    <\/span><groupId><\/span>com.example<\/groupId><\/span>\n    <\/span><artifactId><\/span>books<\/artifactId><\/span>\n    <\/span><version><\/span>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT<\/version><\/span>\n    <\/span><properties><\/span>\n        <\/span><java.version><\/span>25<\/java.version><\/span>\n    <\/span><\/properties><\/span>\n    <\/span><dependencies><\/span>\n        <\/span><dependency><\/span>\n            <\/span><groupId><\/span>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId><\/span>\n            <\/span><artifactId><\/span>spring-boot-starter-webmvc<\/artifactId><\/span>\n        <\/span><\/dependency><\/span>\n        <\/span><dependency><\/span>\n            <\/span><groupId><\/span>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId><\/span>\n            <\/span><artifactId><\/span>spring-boot-starter-validation<\/artifactId><\/span>\n        <\/span><\/dependency><\/span>\n    <\/span><\/dependencies><\/span>\n    <\/span><build><\/span>\n        <\/span><plugins><\/span>\n            <\/span><plugin><\/span>\n                <\/span><groupId><\/span>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId><\/span>\n                <\/span><artifactId><\/span>spring-boot-maven-plugin<\/artifactId><\/span>\n            <\/span><\/plugin><\/span>\n        <\/span><\/plugins><\/span>\n    <\/span><\/build><\/span>\n<\/project><\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0422\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430 — src\/main\/java\/com\/example\/books\/BooksApplication.java<\/code>:<\/p>\n
    package<\/span> <\/span>com.example.books<\/span>;<\/span>\n\nimport<\/span> <\/span>org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication<\/span>;<\/span>\n\n@SpringBootApplication<\/span>\npublic<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> BooksApplication<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[]<\/span> <\/span>args<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>SpringApplication<\/span>.<\/span>run<\/span>(<\/span>BooksApplication<\/span>.<\/span>class<\/span>, <\/span>args<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0421\u0430\u043c REST-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 — BookController.java<\/code> \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0435:<\/p>\n
    package<\/span> <\/span>com.example.books<\/span>;<\/span>\n\nimport<\/span> <\/span>jakarta.validation.Valid<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>jakarta.validation.constraints.NotBlank<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>jakarta.validation.constraints.Size<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.net.URI<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.util.Comparator<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.util.List<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.util.Map<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.*<\/span>;<\/span>\n\n@RestController<\/span>\n@RequestMapping<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/api\/books\"<\/span>)<\/span>\npublic<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> BookController<\/span> {<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>\/\/ \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 POST: \u0431\u0435\u0437 id, \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>record<\/span> NewBook<\/span>(<\/span>@NotBlank<\/span> <\/span>@Size<\/span>(<\/span>max<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>200<\/span>) <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>title<\/span>,<\/span>\n                          <\/span>@NotBlank<\/span> <\/span>@Size<\/span>(<\/span>max<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>100<\/span>) <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>author<\/span>) {}<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>\/\/ \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442: id \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>record<\/span> Book<\/span>(<\/span>long<\/span> <\/span>id<\/span>, <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>title<\/span>, <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>author<\/span>) {}<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>private<\/span> <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>Map<\/span><<\/span>Long<\/span>, <\/span>Book<\/span>><\/span> <\/span>books<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>ConcurrentHashMap<\/span><><\/span>();<\/span>\n    <\/span>private<\/span> <\/span>final<\/span> <\/span>AtomicLong<\/span> <\/span>ids<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>AtomicLong<\/span>();<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>@GetMapping<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>List<\/span><<\/span>Book<\/span>><\/span> <\/span>all<\/span>() {<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>books<\/span>.<\/span>values<\/span>().<\/span>stream<\/span>()<\/span>\n                .<\/span>sorted<\/span>(<\/span>Comparator<\/span>.<\/span>comparingLong<\/span>(<\/span>Book<\/span>::<\/span>id<\/span>))<\/span>\n                .<\/span>toList<\/span>();<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>@GetMapping<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/{id}\"<\/span>)<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>ResponseEntity<\/span><<\/span>Book<\/span>><\/span> <\/span>one<\/span>(<\/span>@PathVariable<\/span> <\/span>long<\/span> <\/span>id<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>Book<\/span> <\/span>book<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>books<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>book<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>null<\/span> <\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>ResponseEntity<\/span>.<\/span>notFound<\/span>().<\/span>build<\/span>() : <\/span>ResponseEntity<\/span>.<\/span>ok<\/span>(<\/span>book<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>@PostMapping<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>ResponseEntity<\/span><<\/span>Book<\/span>><\/span> <\/span>create<\/span>(<\/span>@Valid<\/span> <\/span>@RequestBody<\/span> <\/span>NewBook<\/span> <\/span>req<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>long<\/span> <\/span>id<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>ids<\/span>.<\/span>incrementAndGet<\/span>();<\/span>\n        <\/span>Book<\/span> <\/span>book<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>Book<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>, <\/span>req<\/span>.<\/span>title<\/span>().<\/span>strip<\/span>(), <\/span>req<\/span>.<\/span>author<\/span>().<\/span>strip<\/span>());<\/span>\n        <\/span>books<\/span>.<\/span>put<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>, <\/span>book<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>ResponseEntity<\/span>.<\/span>created<\/span>(<\/span>URI<\/span>.<\/span>create<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/api\/books\/\"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>id<\/span>)).<\/span>body<\/span>(<\/span>book<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>@DeleteMapping<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/{id}\"<\/span>)<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>ResponseEntity<\/span><<\/span>Void<\/span>><\/span> <\/span>delete<\/span>(<\/span>@PathVariable<\/span> <\/span>long<\/span> <\/span>id<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>books<\/span>.<\/span>remove<\/span>(<\/span>id<\/span>) <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>null<\/span>\n                <\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>ResponseEntity<\/span>.<\/span>notFound<\/span>().<\/span>build<\/span>()<\/span>\n                : <\/span>ResponseEntity<\/span>.<\/span>noContent<\/span>().<\/span>build<\/span>();<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a: mvn package<\/code>, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c java -jar target\/books-0.0.1-SNAPSHOT.jar<\/code>. \u0412 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 Tomcat started on port 8080 (http)<\/code> — API \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b. \u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442.<\/p>\n
    \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/h3>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0410\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n\u0420\u043e\u043b\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    @RestController<\/code><\/td>\n\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a JSON<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    @RequestMapping(\"\/api\/books\")<\/code><\/td>\n\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    @GetMapping<\/code>, @PostMapping<\/code>, @DeleteMapping<\/code><\/td>\n\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 HTTP \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c Java<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    @PathVariable<\/code><\/td>\n\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430: \/api\/books\/7<\/code> -> id = 7<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    @RequestBody<\/code><\/td>\n\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 JSON \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 NewBook<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    @Valid<\/code> + @NotBlank<\/code>, @Size<\/code><\/td>\n\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430; \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 — \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 400<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 NewBook<\/code> \u0438 Book<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c: \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c id<\/code>. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \"id\": 999<\/code> \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435 POST, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e, \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440.<\/p>\n
    \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c API \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 curl<\/h2>\n
    curl <\/span>-i <\/span>-X <\/span>POST <\/span>http:\/\/localhost:8080\/api\/books <\/span>\\<\/span>\n  <\/span>-H <\/span>'Content-Type: application\/json'<\/span> <\/span>\\<\/span>\n  <\/span>-d <\/span>'{\"title\":\"Java. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\",\"author\":\"\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\"}'<\/span>\ncurl <\/span>-s <\/span>http:\/\/localhost:8080\/api\/books\ncurl <\/span>-i <\/span>http:\/\/localhost:8080\/api\/books\/42<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b (\u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 Date<\/code> \u0438 Transfer-Encoding<\/code> \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b):<\/p>\n
    HTTP\/1.1 201\nLocation: \/api\/books\/1\nContent-Type: application\/json\n\n{"id":1,"title":"Java. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441","author":"\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432"}\n\n[{"id":1,"title":"Java. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441","author":"\u0418\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432"}]\n\nHTTP\/1.1 404\nContent-Length: 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u043e 201 \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0438 \u0432 Location<\/code>, \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 — 404 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e curl \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 Postman \u0438\u043b\u0438 HTTP-\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 IntelliJ IDEA — \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e.<\/p>\n
    \u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: POST \u0431\u0435\u0437 Content-Type<\/h2>\n
    \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e — \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n
    curl <\/span>-i <\/span>-X <\/span>POST <\/span>http:\/\/localhost:8080\/api\/books <\/span>-d <\/span>'{\"title\":\"X\",\"author\":\"Y\"}'<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442:<\/p>\n
    HTTP\/1.1 415\nAccept: application\/json, application\/*+json\nContent-Type: application\/json\n\n{"timestamp":"2026-09-24T12:42:13.847Z","status":415,"error":"Unsupported Media Type","path":"\/api\/books"}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430: \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c -d<\/code> curl \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 Content-Type: application\/x-www-form-urlencoded<\/code>, \u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441 @RequestBody<\/code> \u0436\u0434\u0435\u0442 JSON. \u0412 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e: Content-Type 'application\/x-www-form-urlencoded;charset=UTF-8' is not supported<\/code>. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 — \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c -H 'Content-Type: application\/json'<\/code>, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435.<\/p>\n
    \u041a\u0430\u043a API \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0445\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/h2>\n
    \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 — \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c REST API: \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 500 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440. \u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441<\/th>\n\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    {\"title\":\"  \",\"author\":\"Y\"}<\/code><\/td>\n400<\/td>\n@NotBlank<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    title<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 201 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b<\/td>\n400<\/td>\n@Size(max = 200)<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    {\"title\":[\"a\"],\"author\":\"Y\"}<\/code><\/td>\n400<\/td>\n\u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e null<\/code><\/td>\n400<\/td>\n\u00abRequired request body is missing\u00bb<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    GET \/api\/books\/abc<\/code><\/td>\n400<\/td>\nabc<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 long<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    {\"title\":123,\"author\":\"Y\"}<\/code><\/td>\n201, \"title\":\"123\"<\/code><\/td>\n\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    {\"title\":true,\"author\":\"Y\"}<\/code><\/td>\n201, \"title\":\"true\"<\/code><\/td>\n\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \u0414\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 — \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430: Jackson 3 (JSON-\u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 Spring Boot 4) \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0440\u044b \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Jackson. \u0422\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 400 \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0435, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f; \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0433 (MethodArgumentNotValidException<\/code>), \u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a @RestControllerAdvice<\/code> \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n
    REST-\u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 Java: HttpClient \u0438 RestClient<\/h2>\n
    \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u00abREST \u0432 Java\u00bb — \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0443\u0436\u043e\u0439 API \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0412\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 JDK (\u0441 Java 11) java.net.http.HttpClient<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439:<\/p>\n
    import<\/span> <\/span>java.net.URI<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.net.http.HttpClient<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.net.http.HttpRequest<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.net.http.HttpResponse<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.time.Duration<\/span>;<\/span>\n\npublic<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> BooksClient<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[]<\/span> <\/span>args<\/span>) <\/span>throws<\/span> <\/span>Exception<\/span> {<\/span>\n        <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>base<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>\"http:\/\/localhost:8080\/api\/books\"<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>HttpClient<\/span> <\/span>http<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>HttpClient<\/span>.<\/span>newBuilder<\/span>()<\/span>\n                .<\/span>connectTimeout<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>.<\/span>ofSeconds<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>))<\/span>\n                .<\/span>build<\/span>();<\/span>\n\n        <\/span>\/\/ POST: \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441, \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e - JSON<\/span>\n        <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>json<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>\"\"\"<\/span>\n                {\"title\": \"\u0427\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434\", \"author\": \"\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\"}<\/span>\n                \"\"\"<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>HttpRequest<\/span> <\/span>post<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>HttpRequest<\/span>.<\/span>newBuilder<\/span>(<\/span>URI<\/span>.<\/span>create<\/span>(<\/span>base<\/span>))<\/span>\n                .<\/span>timeout<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>.<\/span>ofSeconds<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>))<\/span>\n                .<\/span>header<\/span>(<\/span>\"Content-Type\"<\/span>, <\/span>\"application\/json\"<\/span>)<\/span>\n                .<\/span>POST<\/span>(<\/span>HttpRequest<\/span>.<\/span>BodyPublishers<\/span>.<\/span>ofString<\/span>(<\/span>json<\/span>))<\/span>\n                .<\/span>build<\/span>();<\/span>\n        <\/span>HttpResponse<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span> <\/span>created<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>http<\/span>.<\/span>send<\/span>(<\/span>post<\/span>, <\/span>HttpResponse<\/span>.<\/span>BodyHandlers<\/span>.<\/span>ofString<\/span>());<\/span>\n        <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>created<\/span>.<\/span>statusCode<\/span>() <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>\" \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>created<\/span>.<\/span>headers<\/span>().<\/span>firstValue<\/span>(<\/span>\"Location\"<\/span>).<\/span>orElse<\/span>(<\/span>\"-\"<\/span>));<\/span>\n        <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>created<\/span>.<\/span>body<\/span>());<\/span>\n\n        <\/span>\/\/ GET: \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e<\/span>\n        <\/span>HttpRequest<\/span> <\/span>get<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>HttpRequest<\/span>.<\/span>newBuilder<\/span>(<\/span>URI<\/span>.<\/span>create<\/span>(<\/span>base<\/span>))<\/span>\n                .<\/span>timeout<\/span>(<\/span>Duration<\/span>.<\/span>ofSeconds<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>))<\/span>\n                .<\/span>header<\/span>(<\/span>\"Accept\"<\/span>, <\/span>\"application\/json\"<\/span>)<\/span>\n                .<\/span>GET<\/span>()<\/span>\n                .<\/span>build<\/span>();<\/span>\n        <\/span>HttpResponse<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span> <\/span>list<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>http<\/span>.<\/span>send<\/span>(<\/span>get<\/span>, <\/span>HttpResponse<\/span>.<\/span>BodyHandlers<\/span>.<\/span>ofString<\/span>());<\/span>\n        <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>list<\/span>.<\/span>statusCode<\/span>() <\/span>!=<\/span> <\/span>200<\/span>) {<\/span>\n            <\/span>throw<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>IllegalStateException<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u041e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 200, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438 \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>list<\/span>.<\/span>statusCode<\/span>());<\/span>\n        }<\/span>\n        <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>list<\/span>.<\/span>body<\/span>());<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 java BooksClient.java<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 (\u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c) \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n
    201 \/api\/books\/1\n{"id":1,"title":"\u0427\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434","author":"\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d"}\n[{"id":1,"title":"\u0427\u0438\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434","author":"\u041c\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d"}]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    HttpClient<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 404 \u0438\u043b\u0438 500 — \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0435 GET. \u0422\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0443\u0442\u044b \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e. JSON \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0434\u0438 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438; \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0439 (Jackson), \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n
    \u0412\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 Spring-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 RestClient<\/code> (Spring Framework 6.1+): \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0432 JSON \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n
    RestClient<\/span> <\/span>client<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>RestClient<\/span>.<\/span>create<\/span>(<\/span>\"http:\/\/localhost:8080\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n\nBookController<\/span>.<\/span>Book<\/span> <\/span>created<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>client<\/span>.<\/span>post<\/span>()<\/span>\n        .<\/span>uri<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/api\/books\"<\/span>)<\/span>\n        .<\/span>contentType<\/span>(<\/span>MediaType<\/span>.<\/span>APPLICATION_JSON<\/span>)<\/span>\n        .<\/span>body<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>BookController<\/span>.<\/span>NewBook<\/span>(<\/span>\"Effective Java\"<\/span>, <\/span>\"\u0411\u043b\u043e\u0445\"<\/span>))<\/span>\n        .<\/span>retrieve<\/span>()<\/span>\n        .<\/span>body<\/span>(<\/span>BookController<\/span>.<\/span>Book<\/span>.<\/span>class<\/span>);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b Book[id=2, title=Effective Java, author=\u0411\u043b\u043e\u0445]<\/code>. \u0412 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442 HttpClient<\/code>, retrieve()<\/code> \u043d\u0430 4xx \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \/api\/books\/42<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u043b HttpClientErrorException$NotFound: 404 Not Found<\/code>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/th>\n\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    HttpClient<\/code><\/td>\nJDK 11+<\/td>\n\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430, \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044b, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    RestClient<\/code><\/td>\nSpring Framework 6.1+<\/td>\n\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432 Spring-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    RestTemplate<\/code><\/td>\nSpring, \u0434\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u0432 Spring Framework 7.0 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 deprecated \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 Spring \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0435 \u0432 7.1 (\u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d — \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2026) \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 8.0; \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 RestClient<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    WebClient<\/code><\/td>\n\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c spring-webflux<\/td>\n\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e API \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 production<\/h2>\n
    \u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0435. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442: \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e Map<\/code>; \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 (\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e Spring Security), \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439; \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a (ProblemDetail<\/code>, RFC 9457); HTTPS; \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432; \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445; \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430 (MockMvc); \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 API \u0432 OpenAPI.<\/p>\n
    \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0421\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/th>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    release version 25 not supported<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435<\/td>\nMaven \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c JDK: java -version<\/code> \u0438 mvn -v<\/code> \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c 25<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Port 8080 was already in use<\/code><\/td>\n\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442; \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 server.port=8081<\/code> \u0432 application.properties<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    404 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/td>\n\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 com.example.books<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 — Spring \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    415 \u043d\u0430 POST<\/td>\n\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 Content-Type: application\/json<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    400 \u043d\u0430 POST<\/td>\n\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 JSON; \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430 — \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Connection refused<\/code> \u0443 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\/\u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n