{"id":2978,"date":"2026-09-30T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-30T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=2978"},"modified":"2026-09-30T12:29:15","modified_gmt":"2026-09-30T12:29:15","slug":"obektno-orientirovannoe-programmirovanie-v-php","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/obektno-orientirovannoe-programmirovanie-v-php\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 PHP: \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 PHP<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 (\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430) \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c (\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b), \u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u044e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 (\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430): \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u044b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">readonly<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">enum<\/code>.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442: \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u044b, enum \u0438 readonly-\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0412\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d 30 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 PHP 8.4.25 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435 PHP 8.5 (8.5.11, CLI) &#8212; \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439. \u0412\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0433\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/strong> &#8212; \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442<\/strong> (\u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440) &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code>;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430;<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434<\/strong> &#8212; \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$this<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442: \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0436 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 &#8212; \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e. \u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">product.php<\/code> \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">php product.php<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;?php<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">declare<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">strict_types<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Product<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2; font-weight: bold\">__construct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">readonly<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">private<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$priceKopecks<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$priceKopecks<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n            <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">throw<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">InvalidArgumentException<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">priceKopecks<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">discount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$percent<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">void<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$percent<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">||<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$percent<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n            <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">throw<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">InvalidArgumentException<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0421\u043a\u0438\u0434\u043a\u0430 - \u043e\u0442 0 \u0434\u043e 100 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">priceKopecks<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">intdiv<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">priceKopecks<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$percent<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$book<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Product<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u043e PHP'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">150000<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$pen<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Product<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0420\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0430'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">9900<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$book<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">discount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">echo<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$book<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">': '<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$book<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\" \u0440\u0443\u0431.\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">echo<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$pen<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">': '<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$pen<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\" \u0440\u0443\u0431.\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438: \u0441\u043a\u0438\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u041a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430 \u043f\u043e PHP: 1350 \u0440\u0443\u0431.\n\u0420\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0430: 99 \u0440\u0443\u0431.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0435\u043a: \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">float<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432<\/h3>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">__construct<\/code> &#8212; \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 PHP \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new Product(...)<\/code>. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c: \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">public<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">protected<\/code>) \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442. \u042d\u0442\u043e constructor property promotion, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0441 PHP 8.0. \u0411\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$this-&gt;title = $title;<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h3>\u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 readonly<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/th>\n<th>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">public<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0438\u0437 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">protected<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">readonly<\/code> (PHP 8.1) \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437, \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435. \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f; \u0434\u043e PHP 8.3 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0433 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0441 PHP 8.4 &#8212; \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">readonly<\/code>-\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b &#8212; \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">$book-&gt;priceKopecks = 1;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\/\/ Error: Cannot access private property Product::$priceKopecks<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">$book-&gt;title = '\u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043d\u0438\u0433\u0430';<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\/\/ Error: Cannot modify readonly property Product::$title<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">new Product('\u0420\u0443\u0447\u043a\u0430', '99');<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\/\/ TypeError: Product::__construct(): Argument #2 ($priceKopecks)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\/\/ must be of type int, string given<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Error<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">TypeError<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Exception<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">catch (Exception $e)<\/code> \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 &#8212; \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">catch (Error $e)<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">catch (Throwable $e)<\/code>. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">price()<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">discount()<\/code>) \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430. \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437-\u0437\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">declare(strict_types=1)<\/code>: \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b PHP \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b \u0431\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">'99'<\/code> \u0432 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u043a\u0430\u043f\u0441\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439: \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u00ab\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u0438\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442 0 \u0434\u043e 100\u00bb \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f.<\/p>\n<h3>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438<\/h3>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">$same = $book;        \/\/ \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">$copy = clone $book;  \/\/ \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">$same-&gt;discount(50);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">echo $book-&gt;price(), ' ', $copy-&gt;price(), \"\\n\"; \/\/ 67500 135000<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">clone<\/code> \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e: \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">__clone<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b<\/h2>\n<p>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">extends<\/code>) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e\u00bb: \u0434\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c. \u0423 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 PHP \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;?php<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">declare<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">strict_types<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">interface<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">HasPrice<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Item<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">implements<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">HasPrice<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2; font-weight: bold\">__construct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">protected<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">protected<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$basePrice<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">abstract<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">delivery<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">basePrice<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">delivery<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">' \u00ab'<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u00bb'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">PaperBook<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">extends<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Item<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">delivery<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">30000<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">EBook<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">extends<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Item<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">delivery<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">#[<\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF\">\\Override<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">parent<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">' (\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b)'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">GiftCard<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">implements<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">HasPrice<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2; font-weight: bold\">__construct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">private<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$amount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">amount<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">total<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">HasPrice<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">...<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$items<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$sum<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">foreach<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$items<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">as<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$item<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$sum<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$item<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$sum<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$paper<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">PaperBook<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'PHP 8'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">150000<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$ebook<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">EBook<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'PHP 8'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">90000<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">echo<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$paper<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">' - '<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$paper<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">echo<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$ebook<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">' - '<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$ebook<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">price<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">echo<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0418\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e: '<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">total<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$paper<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$ebook<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GiftCard<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">50000<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">PaperBook \u00abPHP 8\u00bb - 180000\nEBook \u00abPHP 8\u00bb (\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b) - 90000\n\u0418\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e: 320000\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Item<\/code> &#8212; <strong>\u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/strong>: \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">price()<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">label()<\/code>) \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">delivery()<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Item<\/code> \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new Item('x', 1)<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Error: Cannot instantiate abstract class Item<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HasPrice<\/code> &#8212; <strong>\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441<\/strong>: \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u00ab\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">price(): int<\/code>\u00bb. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GiftCard<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Item<\/code>, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">total()<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$item-&gt;price()<\/code> \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u0438\u0437\u043c.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">parent::label()<\/code> \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static::class<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#[\\Override]<\/code> (PHP 8.3) \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 PHP \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">lable()<\/code> \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Fatal error: B::lable() has #[\\Override] attribute, but no matching parent method exists<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">final<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 Java \u0438\u043b\u0438 C#, \u0432 PHP \u043d\u0435\u0442: \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f. \u0412\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int|string<\/code>) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0441 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u044b, enum \u0438 readonly-\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b<\/h2>\n<p>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 PHP 8.1-8.4.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;?php<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">declare<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">strict_types<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">trait<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">HasHistory<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">private<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">array<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$history<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[];<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">protected<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">remember<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$event<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">void<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">history<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[]<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$event<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">history<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">array<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">history<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">enum<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">OrderStatus<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">case<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">New<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'new'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">case<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Paid<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'paid'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">case<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Shipped<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'shipped'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">match<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n            <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">New<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n            <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Paid<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n            <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Shipped<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">};<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">readonly<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Money<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2; font-weight: bold\">__construct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">int<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$kopecks<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">string<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$currency<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'RUB'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">add<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Money<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$other<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">self<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$other<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">currency<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!==<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">currency<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n            <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">throw<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">InvalidArgumentException<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0430\u043b\u044e\u0442\u044b'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kopecks<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$other<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kopecks<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">currency<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Order<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">use<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">HasHistory<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">private<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">OrderStatus<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$status<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">OrderStatus<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">New<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2; font-weight: bold\">__construct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">readonly<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Money<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$total<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n    <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span> <span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">pay<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">void<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">status<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!==<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">OrderStatus<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">New<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n            <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">throw<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">LogicException<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">status<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">OrderStatus<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Paid<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n        <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$this<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">remember<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\u041e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$sum<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Money<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">150000<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">add<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Money<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">9900<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$order<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Order<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$sum<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$order<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">pay<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">echo<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$order<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">status<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">', '<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$order<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">total<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kopecks<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\" \u0440\u0443\u0431.\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">echo<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">implode<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">', '<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$order<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">history<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">echo<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">OrderStatus<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'shipped'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">label<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(),<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var_dump<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">OrderStatus<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tryFrom<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'lost'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u041e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d, 1599 \u0440\u0443\u0431.\n\u041e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0430\n\u041e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\nNULL\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442<\/strong> (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">trait<\/code> + <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">use<\/code>) &#8212; \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 PHP \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441. \u041e\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f\u00bb \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$order instanceof HasHistory<\/code> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">false<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Enum<\/strong> (PHP 8.1) &#8212; \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$status<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 &#8212; \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u0442\u0438\u0445\u0430\u044f\u00bb \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">from()<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0438 \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ValueError: \"lost\" is not a valid backing value for enum OrderStatus<\/code>; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">tryFrom()<\/code> \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0442\u0443\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">null<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>readonly-\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/strong> (PHP 8.2) \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">readonly<\/code>. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Money<\/code> &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">add()<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443, \u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$sum-&gt;kopecks = 0<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Error: Cannot modify readonly property Money::$kopecks<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">public private(set)<\/code> (PHP 8.4) &#8212; \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0443, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$order-&gt;status = OrderStatus::Shipped;<\/code> \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Error: Cannot modify private(set) property Order::$status from global scope<\/code>. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$order-&gt;pay()<\/code> \u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LogicException<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c: \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442<\/h3>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441<\/th>\n<th>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441<\/th>\n<th>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442 (\u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u0441 PHP 8.4 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445)<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0425\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0441 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u0443 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430: \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#8212; \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441, \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442 &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0413\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435 (\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f), \u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Order<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Money<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">new<\/code>; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">clone<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441 promotion (PHP 8.0) \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">protected<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">readonly<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private(set)<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">extends<\/code>), \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e; \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0440\u0444\u0438\u0437\u043c &#8212; \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">enum<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">readonly class<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 PHP-\u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 HTTP &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b. \u0411\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u041e\u041e\u041f \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0430\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/razrabotchik-php\/?int_article=obektno-orientirovannoe-programmirovanie-v-php&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00abPHP-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb<\/a>. \u041f\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=obektno-orientirovannoe-programmirovanie-v-php&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: <a href=\"\/journal\/obektno-orientirovannoe-programmirovanie-principy-i-osobennosti\/\">\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u041e\u041e\u041f<\/a>, <a href=\"\/journal\/php-8-chto-novogo\/\">\u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 PHP 8<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0421 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0432 PHP \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u041e\u041e\u041f?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0432 PHP 3 \u0438 4, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0443\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435. \u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b, \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 PHP 5 (2004 \u0433\u043e\u0434), \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u044b &#8212; \u0432 PHP 5.4.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">self<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code>?<\/strong><br \/>\n<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">self<\/code> \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0434, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static<\/code> &#8212; \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441, \u0443 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d (\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435). \u0412 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">static::class<\/code> \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Item<\/code> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">PaperBook<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">EBook<\/code>, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">self::class<\/code> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b \u0431\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Item<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">public readonly<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">private(set)<\/code> \u0432 PHP 8.4 &#8212; \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">pay()<\/code> \u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e-\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 PHP &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432: \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 (\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430) \u0438 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c (\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b), \u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u044e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 (\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0430): \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u044b, readonly \u0438 enum. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442: 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