{"id":2808,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=2808"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:30:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:30:11","slug":"modulnoe-programmirovanie-v-javascript-ot-a-do-ya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/modulnoe-programmirovanie-v-javascript-ot-a-do-ya\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0432 JavaScript \u043e\u0442 \u0410 \u0434\u043e \u042f: import\/export, CommonJS \u0438 import()"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0432 JavaScript<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432 JS \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 <strong>ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438<\/strong> (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">export<\/code>, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 Node.js) \u0438 <strong>CommonJS<\/strong> (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">require<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">module.exports<\/code>, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 Node.js). \u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <strong>\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import()<\/code><\/strong> &#8212; \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0432 Node.js<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0418\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">CommonJS: require \u0438 module.exports<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">ESM \u0438 CommonJS: \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u041a\u0430\u043a Node.js \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 ESM \u0438 CommonJS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 import()<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0414\u043e ESM: IIFE, AMD, UMD<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s12\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s13\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s14\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0435\u043c ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 CommonJS, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 Node.js \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f Node.js \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 Node.js 24.21 (\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 24 LTS) \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u0435 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e <a href=\"\/journal\/modulnoe-programmirovanie\/\">\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a>, \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e JavaScript.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u042d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442<\/strong> &#8212; \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0443 (\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0418\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import ... from '...'<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">require('...')<\/code>: \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.\/math.mjs<\/code>), \u0438\u043c\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">lodash<\/code>) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">node:fs<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><strong>ESM \u0438 CJS<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 CommonJS. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0432 Node.js<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0435. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.mjs<\/code> \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 Node.js, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ math.mjs<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">export<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">PI<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3.14159<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">export<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">area<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">PI<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">export<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">default<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">round2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Math<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">round<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">100<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ main.mjs<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">round2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">area<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">PI<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> } <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'.\/math.mjs'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">as<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">math<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'.\/math.mjs'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">PI<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);                       <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">round2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">area<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)));          <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ default + \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Object<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">keys<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">math<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">).<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sort<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">node main.mjs<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">3.14159\n12.57\n[ &#x27;PI&#x27;, &#x27;area&#x27;, &#x27;default&#x27; ]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">export const<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">export function<\/code> &#8212; <strong>\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b<\/strong>, \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c (\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">as<\/code>: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import { area as circleArea }<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">export default<\/code> &#8212; <strong>\u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/strong>, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c; \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0442, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">round2<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043a).<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import * as math<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442; default \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">default<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437: \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import<\/code> \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e, \u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0437\u0435\u043c\u043f\u043b\u044f\u0440.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">export { area } from '.\/math.mjs'<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">export * from '.\/math.mjs'<\/code>. \u0418\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u00ab\u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439\u00bb \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0418\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 ESM \u043e\u0442 CommonJS, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442. \u0418\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0432 ESM \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ counter.mjs<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">export<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">export<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">inc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ main.mjs<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">inc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> } <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'.\/counter.mjs'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 0<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">inc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 1 - \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">} <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">constructor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">': '<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">message<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">0\n1\nTypeError: Assignment to constant variable.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 CommonJS \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">module.exports = { count, inc }<\/code> \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">count<\/code>, \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u041a\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">const { count, inc } = require('.\/counter.cjs'); inc(); console.log(count);<\/code> \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">0<\/code>. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432 CommonJS \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e-\u0433\u0435\u0442\u0442\u0435\u0440.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">CommonJS: require \u0438 module.exports<\/h2>\n<p>CommonJS &#8212; \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c Node.js \u0436\u0438\u043b \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u0415\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 npm-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c. \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.cjs<\/code> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.js<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"type\": \"module\"<\/code> \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">package.json<\/code>) Node.js \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a CommonJS.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">exports<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ greet-bad.js - \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">exports<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">hello<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  },<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">};<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">require('.\/greet-bad.js')<\/code> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">{}<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">exports<\/code> &#8212; \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">module.exports<\/code>, \u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0443 \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">module.exports<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443, \u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ greet.js - \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">module<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">exports<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">hello<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">`\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, ${<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}`<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  },<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">};<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ app.js<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">require<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'.\/greet-bad.js'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">good<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">require<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'.\/greet.js'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);             <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b require \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">good<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">hello<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'Otus'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">{}\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, Otus\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0435: \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">exports.hello = ...<\/code>), \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">module.exports<\/code>, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">exports<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">ESM \u0438 CommonJS: \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c<\/th>\n<th>ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 (ESM)<\/th>\n<th>CommonJS (CJS)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import<\/code> \/ <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">export<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">require()<\/code> \/ <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">module.exports<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u044b, Node.js, Deno, Bun<\/td>\n<td>Node.js, Bun, Deno 2 \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0440\u044b; \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/td>\n<td>\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c<\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">'use strict'<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Top-level <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">await<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import.meta.filename<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import.meta.dirname<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">__filename<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">__dirname<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.\/math.mjs<\/code>)<\/td>\n<td>\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u0430\u043a Node.js \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.mjs<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"type\": \"module\"<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.cjs<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.js<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"type\": \"module\"<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e &#8212; ESM: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430, \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435. CommonJS \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u041a\u0430\u043a Node.js \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.js<\/code> \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 Node.js \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"type\"<\/code> \u0432 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0439\u0448\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">package.json<\/code>: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"module\"<\/code> &#8212; ESM, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"commonjs\"<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f &#8212; CommonJS. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.mjs<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.cjs<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"type\"<\/code> \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.js<\/code> \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import<\/code>, Node.js 24 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">package.json<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"type\"<\/code>, \u043e\u043d \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">(node:15) [MODULE_TYPELESS_PACKAGE_JSON] Warning: Module type of file:\/\/\/w\/det2\/app.js is not specified and it doesn&#x27;t parse as CommonJS.\nReparsing as ES module because module syntax was detected. This incurs a performance overhead.\nTo eliminate this warning, add &quot;type&quot;: &quot;module&quot; to \/w\/det2\/package.json.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442: \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445 Node.js \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438. \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"type\": \"module\"<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 ESM \u0438 CommonJS<\/h2>\n<p>\u0418\u0437 ESM \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c CommonJS: \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">module.exports<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a default-\u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 Node.js \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u043c (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">exports.sum = ...<\/code>).<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ named.cjs<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">exports<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sum<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) =&gt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ named.mjs<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sum<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> } <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'.\/named.cjs'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">sum<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 5<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e. \u0412 Node.js 24 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">require()<\/code> \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 &#8212; \u0431\u0435\u0437 top-level <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">await<\/code>. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import()<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ lib.mjs<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">export<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">answer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">42<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">export<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">default<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">hi<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'hi from ESM'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ tla.mjs - \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0441 top-level await<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">config<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Promise<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">resolve<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">({ <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">port<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">8080<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> });<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">export<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">default<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">config<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ app.cjs<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">lib<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">require<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'.\/lib.mjs'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">lib<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">answer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">lib<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">default<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">require<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'.\/tla.mjs'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">} <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">code<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'.\/tla.mjs'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">).<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">then<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">((<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) =&gt; <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">m<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">default<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">port<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">42 hi from ESM\nERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE\n8080\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">require()<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 &#8212; \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c Node.js. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0445, \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 import()<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import<\/code> \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import()<\/code> &#8212; \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u0438 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e (\u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b).<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ main.mjs<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kind<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">process<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">argv<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">] <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">??<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'json'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kind<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">===<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'csv'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">||<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kind<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">===<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'json'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0439\u0447\u0430\u0441, \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">format<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> } <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'.\/format.mjs'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">format<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">([<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">], <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kind<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'.\/missing.mjs'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">} <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">e<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">code<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ format.mjs<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">export<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">format<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kind<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kind<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">===<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'csv'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">?<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">join<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">';'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">JSON<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stringify<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">node main.mjs<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">[1,2,3]<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">node main.mjs csv<\/code> &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">1;2;3<\/code>, \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430. \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">kind<\/code>: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import()<\/code> \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f, \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">type=\"module\"<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;!doctype html&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">html<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">lang<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"ru\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&gt;<\/span>\n  <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">body<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&gt;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">script<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">type<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"importmap\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">      { <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"imports\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"utils\/\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\/js\/utils\/\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> } }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    &lt;\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">script<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&gt;<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">script<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">type<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"module\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">area<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> } <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'\/js\/math.mjs'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> } <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'utils\/log.mjs'<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">area<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    &lt;\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">script<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&gt;<\/span>\n  <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&lt;\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">body<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&lt;\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">html<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">&gt;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0435\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 HTML, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">defer<\/code>;<\/li>\n<li>\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435, \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">window<\/code>;<\/li>\n<li>\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c CORS, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">file:\/\/<\/code>, \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442 &#8212; \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440;<\/li>\n<li>\u00ab\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044b\u0435\u00bb \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">utils\/log.mjs<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">importmap<\/code>), \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u0436\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439\u0441\u044f \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.\/<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">..\/<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 URL.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c (Vite, webpack, esbuild \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435), \u043d\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">export<\/code> \u0432 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0414\u043e ESM: IIFE, AMD, UMD<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f (IIFE). \u0417\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> () {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">inc<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">function<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> () { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">+=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; },<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  };<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">})();<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">inc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(), <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">counter<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">inc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 1 2<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">typeof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);                 <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ undefined<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b AMD (\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">define<\/code>, \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 RequireJS) \u0438 UMD (\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a AMD, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a CommonJS, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f). \u0412 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b, \u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0421\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0442\u043e\u043c<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SyntaxError: Cannot use import statement outside a module<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043a\u0430\u043a CommonJS (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.cjs<\/code>)<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.mjs<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"type\": \"module\"<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ReferenceError: require is not defined in ES module scope, you can use import instead<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">require<\/code> \u0432 ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import<\/code>; \u0434\u043b\u044f JSON \u0438 CJS \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">createRequire(import.meta.url)<\/code> \u0438\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">node:module<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Error [ERR_MODULE_NOT_FOUND]: Cannot find module '\/w\/err\/math' imported from \/w\/err\/main.mjs<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0435 ESM \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.\/math.mjs<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ERR_REQUIRE_ASYNC_MODULE<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">require()<\/code> \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f \u0441 top-level <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">await<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import()<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">require('.\/x.js')<\/code> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">{}<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">exports = ...<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">module.exports = ...<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ReferenceError: __dirname is not defined in ES module scope<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0432 ESM \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import.meta.dirname<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import.meta.filename<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"s12\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0432 JavaScript &#8212; \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438; \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">export<\/code>) &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 Node.js; CommonJS (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">require<\/code>) \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n<li>\u0418\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 \u0432 ESM &#8212; \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f, \u0432 CommonJS &#8212; \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0432 Node.js \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.mjs<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.cjs<\/code>) \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"type\"<\/code> \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">package.json<\/code>; \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import()<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0432 ESM, \u0438 \u0432 CommonJS.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s13\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 &#8212; \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 JavaScript: \u043e\u0442 npm-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0430 React \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 Node.js. \u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441 CommonJS \u043d\u0430 ESM, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/javascript-professional\/?int_article=modulnoe-programmirovanie-v-javascript-ot-a-do-ya&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00abJavaScript-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb<\/a>. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=modulnoe-programmirovanie-v-javascript-ot-a-do-ya&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s14\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import<\/code>, \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">require<\/code>?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0442: \u0432 ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">require<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d, \u0430 \u0432 CommonJS-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import<\/code> &#8212; \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430. \u0412 ESM <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">require<\/code> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">createRequire<\/code>, \u0430 \u0432 CommonJS \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">import()<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0440, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0412 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 TypeScript \u0438 CSS.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">export default<\/code> \u0445\u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0430?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435 \u0445\u0443\u0436\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0443 default \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438: \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043c\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0432 JavaScript &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043e. \u0421\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0432 JS \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 (import\/export, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 Node.js) \u0438 CommonJS (require\/module.exports, \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 Node.js). \u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 import() &#8212; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":2809,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[83],"class_list":["post-2808","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-javascript"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0432 JavaScript \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445: ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 import\/export, CommonJS require, \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 import(), \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 Node.js 24, \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u0445 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