{"id":2701,"date":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=2701"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:35:02","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:35:02","slug":"vse-o-servernoj-chasti-v-js-terminologiya-principy-raboty-platformy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/vse-o-servernoj-chasti-v-js-terminologiya-principy-raboty-platformy\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 JavaScript: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 Node.js \u0438 \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 JavaScript<\/strong> — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 JavaScript, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 — Node.js<\/strong>, \u0430\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b — Deno \u0438 Bun.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043a, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430, \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 HTTP-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 Node.js<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 Node.js: event loop \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434-\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. npm, package.json \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. Node.js, Deno \u0438 Bun<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 JavaScript \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 — \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, event loop \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, npm, \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 Node.js 22.23 (\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2026); \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 API \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0432 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 LTS-\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0435 Node.js 24.<\/p>\n

    \u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043a, \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430, \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a<\/h2>\n

    \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u00abNode — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 JS\u00bb, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a<\/td>\n\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 ECMAScript<\/td>\nlet<\/code>, async\/await<\/code>, Promise<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043a<\/td>\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 JS-\u043a\u043e\u0434<\/td>\nV8 (Chrome, Node.js, Deno), JavaScriptCore (Safari, Bun)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (runtime)<\/td>\n\u0414\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 API \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439<\/td>\nNode.js, Deno, Bun, \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a<\/td>\n\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\nExpress, Fastify, NestJS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0420\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \/ IDE<\/td>\n\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442<\/td>\nVS Code, WebStorm, Vim<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430: \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0432 Node.js \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d, \u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u0412 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c window<\/code>, document<\/code> \u0438 DOM, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c. \u0412 Node.js \u043d\u0435\u0442 DOM, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 node:fs<\/code>, node:http<\/code>, node:path<\/code> \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 process<\/code> \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n

    \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 HTTP-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 Node.js<\/h2>\n

    \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u041e\u043d \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 GET \/health<\/code>, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 JSON \u043d\u0430 POST \/echo<\/code> \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b. \u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a server.mjs<\/code> (\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 .mjs<\/code> \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 import<\/code>) \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 node server.mjs<\/code>.<\/p>\n

    import<\/span> <\/span>http<\/span> <\/span>from<\/span> <\/span>'node:http'<\/span>;<\/span>\n\nconst<\/span> <\/span>MAX_BODY<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>1024<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span> <\/span>1024<\/span>; <\/span>\/\/ 1 \u041c\u0411 - \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430<\/span>\n\nconst<\/span> <\/span>server<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>http<\/span>.<\/span>createServer<\/span>((<\/span>req<\/span>, <\/span>res<\/span>) => {<\/span>\n  <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>req<\/span>.<\/span>method<\/span> <\/span>===<\/span> <\/span>'GET'<\/span> <\/span>&&<\/span> <\/span>req<\/span>.<\/span>url<\/span> <\/span>===<\/span> <\/span>'\/health'<\/span>) {<\/span>\n    <\/span>res<\/span>.<\/span>writeHead<\/span>(<\/span>200<\/span>, { <\/span>'Content-Type'<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>'application\/json'<\/span> });<\/span>\n    <\/span>res<\/span>.<\/span>end<\/span>(<\/span>JSON<\/span>.<\/span>stringify<\/span>({ <\/span>status<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>'ok'<\/span>, <\/span>pid<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>process<\/span>.<\/span>pid<\/span> }));<\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span>;<\/span>\n  }<\/span>\n\n  <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>req<\/span>.<\/span>method<\/span> <\/span>===<\/span> <\/span>'POST'<\/span> <\/span>&&<\/span> <\/span>req<\/span>.<\/span>url<\/span> <\/span>===<\/span> <\/span>'\/echo'<\/span>) {<\/span>\n    <\/span>let<\/span> <\/span>size<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>;<\/span>\n    <\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>chunks<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> [];<\/span>\n    <\/span>req<\/span>.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'data'<\/span>, (<\/span>chunk<\/span>) => {<\/span>\n      <\/span>size<\/span> <\/span>+=<\/span> <\/span>chunk<\/span>.<\/span>length<\/span>;<\/span>\n      <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>size<\/span> <\/span>><\/span> <\/span>MAX_BODY<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>res<\/span>.<\/span>writeHead<\/span>(<\/span>413<\/span>, { <\/span>'Content-Type'<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>'application\/json'<\/span> });<\/span>\n        <\/span>res<\/span>.<\/span>end<\/span>(<\/span>JSON<\/span>.<\/span>stringify<\/span>({ <\/span>error<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>'payload too large'<\/span> }));<\/span>\n        <\/span>req<\/span>.<\/span>destroy<\/span>();<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span>;<\/span>\n      }<\/span>\n      <\/span>chunks<\/span>.<\/span>push<\/span>(<\/span>chunk<\/span>);<\/span>\n    });<\/span>\n    <\/span>req<\/span>.<\/span>on<\/span>(<\/span>'end'<\/span>, () => {<\/span>\n      <\/span>try<\/span> {<\/span>\n        <\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>data<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>JSON<\/span>.<\/span>parse<\/span>(<\/span>Buffer<\/span>.<\/span>concat<\/span>(<\/span>chunks<\/span>).<\/span>toString<\/span>(<\/span>'utf8'<\/span>));<\/span>\n        <\/span>res<\/span>.<\/span>writeHead<\/span>(<\/span>200<\/span>, { <\/span>'Content-Type'<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>'application\/json'<\/span> });<\/span>\n        <\/span>res<\/span>.<\/span>end<\/span>(<\/span>JSON<\/span>.<\/span>stringify<\/span>({ <\/span>received<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>data<\/span> }));<\/span>\n      } <\/span>catch<\/span> {<\/span>\n        <\/span>res<\/span>.<\/span>writeHead<\/span>(<\/span>400<\/span>, { <\/span>'Content-Type'<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>'application\/json'<\/span> });<\/span>\n        <\/span>res<\/span>.<\/span>end<\/span>(<\/span>JSON<\/span>.<\/span>stringify<\/span>({ <\/span>error<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>'invalid JSON'<\/span> }));<\/span>\n      }<\/span>\n    });<\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span>;<\/span>\n  }<\/span>\n\n  <\/span>res<\/span>.<\/span>writeHead<\/span>(<\/span>404<\/span>, { <\/span>'Content-Type'<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>'application\/json'<\/span> });<\/span>\n  <\/span>res<\/span>.<\/span>end<\/span>(<\/span>JSON<\/span>.<\/span>stringify<\/span>({ <\/span>error<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>'not found'<\/span> }));<\/span>\n});<\/span>\n\nconst<\/span> <\/span>PORT<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>Number<\/span>(<\/span>process<\/span>.<\/span>env<\/span>.<\/span>PORT<\/span>) <\/span>||<\/span> <\/span>3000<\/span>;<\/span>\nserver<\/span>.<\/span>listen<\/span>(<\/span>PORT<\/span>, <\/span>'127.0.0.1'<\/span>, () => {<\/span>\n  <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>`Server: http:\/\/127.0.0.1:${<\/span>PORT<\/span>}`<\/span>);<\/span>\n});<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f Server: http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430:<\/p>\n
    curl <\/span>-s <\/span>http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000\/health\ncurl <\/span>-s <\/span>-X <\/span>POST <\/span>http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000\/echo <\/span>-H <\/span>'Content-Type: application\/json'<\/span> <\/span>-d <\/span>'{\"name\":\"Otus\"}'<\/span>\ncurl <\/span>-s <\/span>-X <\/span>POST <\/span>http:\/\/127.0.0.1:3000\/echo <\/span>-d <\/span>'{name:1}'<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    {"status":"ok","pid":80095}\n{"received":{"name":"Otus"}}\n{"error":"invalid JSON"}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0422\u0435\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c 2 \u041c\u0411 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 413<\/code> \u0441 {\"error\":\"payload too large\"}<\/code>, \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c — 404 Not Found<\/code>. \u041d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 pid<\/code> \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c.<\/p>\n
    \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n