{"id":2516,"date":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=2516"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:35:11","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:35:11","slug":"sozdaem-sobstvennoe-web-prilozhenie-pri-pomoshhi-java-chto-dolzhen-znat-programmist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/sozdaem-sobstvennoe-web-prilozhenie-pri-pomoshhi-java-chto-dolzhen-znat-programmist\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 Java: \u043e\u0442 HTTP-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043e REST \u043d\u0430 Spring Boot"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 Java<\/strong> — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432 JVM, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442: HTML-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e JSON. \u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 Java — \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e HTTP.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u0428\u0430\u0433 0. HTTP-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c JDK<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u0438 Spring Boot<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 REST-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 Spring Boot<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432 production<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c: \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 — \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c JDK \u0434\u043e REST-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u043d\u0430 Spring Boot, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d jar. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b 23.09.2026 \u043d\u0430 Java 25.0.4 (LTS), Spring Boot 4.1.1 \u0438 Maven 3.9.16.<\/p>\n

    \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/h2>\n

    \u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP, \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435<\/td>\nNginx, Apache HTTP Server<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 Java-\u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 Jakarta Servlet: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\nApache Tomcat, Jetty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 Jakarta EE (\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, JPA, CDI, JMS)<\/td>\nWildFly, Payara, Open Liberty<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a<\/td>\n\u0414\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e<\/td>\nSpring Boot, Quarkus, Micronaut<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0412 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0435 Nginx \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 HTTPS, \u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 Java-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f: Tomcat \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 HTTPS, \u0430 Nginx \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n

    \u0428\u0430\u0433 0. HTTP-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c JDK<\/h2>\n

    \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 JDK \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430 com.sun.net.httpserver<\/code>. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a HelloServer.java<\/code>.<\/p>\n

    import<\/span> <\/span>com.sun.net.httpserver.HttpServer<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.io.OutputStream<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.net.InetSocketAddress<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets<\/span>;<\/span>\n\npublic<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> HelloServer<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[]<\/span> <\/span>args<\/span>) <\/span>throws<\/span> <\/span>Exception<\/span> {<\/span>\n        <\/span>HttpServer<\/span> <\/span>server<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>HttpServer<\/span>.<\/span>create<\/span>(<\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>InetSocketAddress<\/span>(<\/span>\"127.0.0.1\"<\/span>, <\/span>8080<\/span>), <\/span>0<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>server<\/span>.<\/span>createContext<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/hello\"<\/span>, <\/span>exchange<\/span> <\/span>-><\/span> {<\/span>\n            <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>\"GET\"<\/span>.<\/span>equals<\/span>(<\/span>exchange<\/span>.<\/span>getRequestMethod<\/span>())) {<\/span>\n                <\/span>exchange<\/span>.<\/span>sendResponseHeaders<\/span>(<\/span>405<\/span>, <\/span>-<\/span>1<\/span>); <\/span>\/\/ \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d, \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442<\/span>\n                <\/span>exchange<\/span>.<\/span>close<\/span>();<\/span>\n                <\/span>return<\/span>;<\/span>\n            }<\/span>\n            <\/span>byte<\/span>[]<\/span> <\/span>body<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>\"{\\\"message\\\":\\\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0432\u0435\u0431!\\\"}\"<\/span>.<\/span>getBytes<\/span>(<\/span>StandardCharsets<\/span>.<\/span>UTF_8<\/span>);<\/span>\n            <\/span>exchange<\/span>.<\/span>getResponseHeaders<\/span>().<\/span>set<\/span>(<\/span>\"Content-Type\"<\/span>, <\/span>\"application\/json; charset=utf-8\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n            <\/span>exchange<\/span>.<\/span>sendResponseHeaders<\/span>(<\/span>200<\/span>, <\/span>body<\/span>.<\/span>length<\/span>);<\/span>\n            <\/span>try<\/span> (<\/span>OutputStream<\/span> <\/span>out<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>exchange<\/span>.<\/span>getResponseBody<\/span>()) {<\/span>\n                <\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>write<\/span>(<\/span>body<\/span>);<\/span>\n            }<\/span>\n        });<\/span>\n        <\/span>server<\/span>.<\/span>start<\/span>();<\/span>\n        <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044e http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080\/hello\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438 — java HelloServer.java<\/code>. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044e http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080\/hello\u00bb. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430:<\/p>\n
    curl <\/span>-i <\/span>http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080\/hello\ncurl <\/span>-i <\/span>-X <\/span>POST <\/span>http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8080\/hello<\/code><\/pre>\n
    HTTP\/1.1 200 OK\nContent-type: application\/json; charset=utf-8\nContent-length: 35\n\n{"message":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0432\u0435\u0431!"}\n\nHTTP\/1.1 405 Method Not Allowed\nContent-length: 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e. \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e 127.0.0.1<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0435\u043d — \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c 0.0.0.0<\/code>. \u0414\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 35 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435: \u043a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 UTF-8 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 2 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0443, \u0438 Content-Length<\/code> \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 404.<\/p>\n
    \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430: \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u044b, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442. \u041c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 JSON, \u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0435\u0442 — \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0431\u044b \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e. \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a.<\/p>\n
    \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u0438 Spring Boot<\/h2>\n
    \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c Java EE — \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 WAR \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 Tomcat. \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c — \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d jar.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/th>\nWAR \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/th>\nSpring Boot \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\nTomcat \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, WAR \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/td>\njava -jar app.jar<\/code>, Tomcat \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041a\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a, \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/td>\n\u0421\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0444\u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/td>\n\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b, Docker, \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430<\/td>\n\u0410\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u0437\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u0441 Jakarta EE 9 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b javax.servlet<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 jakarta.servlet<\/code>. Tomcat 10 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441 jakarta.*<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0441 javax.servlet<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n
    Spring Boot \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0445: \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 Tomcat, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f DispatcherServlet<\/code> — \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442 Spring, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n
    \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 REST-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 Spring Boot<\/h2>\n
    \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 start.spring.io, \u043d\u043e \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430. \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b pom.xml<\/code>:<\/p>\n
    <?xml version=\"1.0\" encoding=\"UTF-8\"?><\/span>\n<project<\/span> <\/span>xmlns=<\/span>\"http:\/\/maven.apache.org\/POM\/4.0.0\"<\/span>\n         <\/span>xmlns:xsi=<\/span>\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2001\/XMLSchema-instance\"<\/span>\n         <\/span>xsi:schemaLocation=<\/span>\"http:\/\/maven.apache.org\/POM\/4.0.0 https:\/\/maven.apache.org\/xsd\/maven-4.0.0.xsd\"<\/span>><\/span>\n    <\/span><modelVersion><\/span>4.0.0<\/modelVersion><\/span>\n    <\/span><parent><\/span>\n        <\/span><groupId><\/span>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId><\/span>\n        <\/span><artifactId><\/span>spring-boot-starter-parent<\/artifactId><\/span>\n        <\/span><version><\/span>4.1.1<\/version><\/span>\n    <\/span><\/parent><\/span>\n    <\/span><groupId><\/span>ru.example<\/groupId><\/span>\n    <\/span><artifactId><\/span>demo<\/artifactId><\/span>\n    <\/span><version><\/span>0.0.1<\/version><\/span>\n    <\/span><properties><\/span>\n        <\/span><java.version><\/span>25<\/java.version><\/span>\n    <\/span><\/properties><\/span>\n    <\/span><dependencies><\/span>\n        <\/span><dependency><\/span>\n            <\/span><groupId><\/span>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId><\/span>\n            <\/span><artifactId><\/span>spring-boot-starter-webmvc<\/artifactId><\/span>\n        <\/span><\/dependency><\/span>\n    <\/span><\/dependencies><\/span>\n    <\/span><build><\/span>\n        <\/span><plugins><\/span>\n            <\/span><plugin><\/span>\n                <\/span><groupId><\/span>org.springframework.boot<\/groupId><\/span>\n                <\/span><artifactId><\/span>spring-boot-maven-plugin<\/artifactId><\/span>\n            <\/span><\/plugin><\/span>\n        <\/span><\/plugins><\/span>\n    <\/span><\/build><\/span>\n<\/project><\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b src\/main\/java\/ru\/example\/demo\/DemoApplication.java<\/code>:<\/p>\n
    package<\/span> <\/span>ru.example.demo<\/span>;<\/span>\n\nimport<\/span> <\/span>org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>org.springframework.http.HttpStatus<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>org.springframework.web.server.ResponseStatusException<\/span>;<\/span>\n\n@SpringBootApplication<\/span>\npublic<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> DemoApplication<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[]<\/span> <\/span>args<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>SpringApplication<\/span>.<\/span>run<\/span>(<\/span>DemoApplication<\/span>.<\/span>class<\/span>, <\/span>args<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\nrecord<\/span> Greeting<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>message<\/span>, <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>length<\/span>) {}<\/span>\n\n@RestController<\/span>\nclass<\/span> GreetingController<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>@GetMapping<\/span>(<\/span>\"\/api\/greeting\"<\/span>)<\/span>\n    <\/span>Greeting<\/span> <\/span>greet<\/span>(<\/span>@RequestParam<\/span>(<\/span>defaultValue<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>\"\u043c\u0438\u0440\"<\/span>) <\/span>String<\/span> <\/span>name<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>name<\/span>.<\/span>isBlank<\/span>() <\/span>||<\/span> <\/span>name<\/span>.<\/span>length<\/span>() <\/span>><\/span> <\/span>50<\/span>) {<\/span>\n            <\/span>throw<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>ResponseStatusException<\/span>(<\/span>HttpStatus<\/span>.<\/span>BAD_REQUEST<\/span>, <\/span>\"name: \u043e\u0442 1 \u0434\u043e 50 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n        }<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>new<\/span> <\/span>Greeting<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>name<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>\"!\"<\/span>, <\/span>name<\/span>.<\/span>length<\/span>());<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a:<\/p>\n
    mvn <\/span>package\njava <\/span>-jar <\/span>target\/demo-0.0.1.jar<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0412 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 (\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e) \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 Tomcat, \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430, \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e DispatcherServlet<\/code>:<\/p>\n
     :: Spring Boot ::                (v4.1.1)\nTomcat initialized with port 8080 (http)\nStarting Servlet engine: [Apache Tomcat\/11.0.24]\nTomcat started on port 8080 (http) with context path '\/'\nStarted DemoApplication in 0.801 seconds (process running for 0.985)\nInitializing Spring DispatcherServlet 'dispatcherServlet'\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b:<\/p>\n
    $ curl localhost:8080\/api\/greeting\n{"message":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u043c\u0438\u0440!","length":3}\n\n$ curl "localhost:8080\/api\/greeting?name=Otus"\n{"message":"\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, Otus!","length":4}\n\n$ curl -i -X POST localhost:8080\/api\/greeting\nHTTP\/1.1 405\nAllow: GET\nContent-Type: application\/json\n\n{"timestamp":"2026-09-23T15:52:41.367Z","status":405,"error":"Method Not Allowed","path":"\/api\/greeting"}\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/h3>\n