{"id":2458,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=2458"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:30:46","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:30:46","slug":"java-i-fajly-chto-dolzhen-znat-uspeshnyj-programmist","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/java-i-fajly-chto-dolzhen-znat-uspeshnyj-programmist\/","title":{"rendered":"Java \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b: \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Files \u0438 Path"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 Java \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 java.nio.file<\/code>: Path<\/code><\/strong> \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0430 Files<\/code><\/strong> — \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 java.io.File<\/code> \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 Path<\/code> + Files<\/code>.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u0427\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. try-with-resources: \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u041e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432: list \u0438 walk<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u041a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u043a\u043e\u0434 -> \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 -> \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. java.io.File \u0438 Files: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n
  12. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n
  13. FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 — \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c, try-with-resources, \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 Java 25 (Temurin 25.0.4, Linux) 24.09.2026 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c java \u0418\u043c\u044f.java<\/code>; \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0441 Java 11.<\/p>\n

    \u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/h2>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n\u0427\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Path<\/code><\/td>\n\u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c: \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 data\/notes.txt<\/code>, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n\u041d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Files<\/code><\/td>\n\u0423\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0441 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n\u041d\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a (InputStream<\/code>, BufferedReader<\/code>)<\/td>\n\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c<\/td>\n\u0421\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f — \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d close()<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    java.io.File<\/code><\/td>\n\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 (\u0434\u043e Java 7)<\/td>\n\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 false<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u0413\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435: Path.of(\"x.txt\")<\/code> \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b Files<\/code> \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n

    \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/h2>\n
    import<\/span> <\/span>java.io.IOException<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.nio.charset.StandardCharsets<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.nio.file.*<\/span>;<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>java.util.List<\/span>;<\/span>\n\npublic<\/span> <\/span>class<\/span> FilesDemo<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>public<\/span> <\/span>static<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>(<\/span>String<\/span>[]<\/span> <\/span>args<\/span>) <\/span>throws<\/span> <\/span>IOException<\/span> {<\/span>\n        <\/span>Path<\/span> <\/span>dir<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>Path<\/span>.<\/span>of<\/span>(<\/span>\"data\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>Files<\/span>.<\/span>createDirectories<\/span>(<\/span>dir<\/span>);                 <\/span>\/\/ \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/span>\n        <\/span>Path<\/span> <\/span>file<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>dir<\/span>.<\/span>resolve<\/span>(<\/span>\"notes.txt\"<\/span>);         <\/span>\/\/ data\/notes.txt<\/span>\n\n        <\/span>Files<\/span>.<\/span>writeString<\/span>(<\/span>file<\/span>, <\/span>\"\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\\n\"<\/span>, <\/span>StandardCharsets<\/span>.<\/span>UTF_8<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>Files<\/span>.<\/span>writeString<\/span>(<\/span>file<\/span>, <\/span>\"\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\\n\"<\/span>, <\/span>StandardCharsets<\/span>.<\/span>UTF_8<\/span>,<\/span>\n                <\/span>StandardOpenOption<\/span>.<\/span>APPEND<\/span>);           <\/span>\/\/ \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446<\/span>\n\n        <\/span>List<\/span><<\/span>String<\/span>><\/span> <\/span>lines<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>Files<\/span>.<\/span>readAllLines<\/span>(<\/span>file<\/span>, <\/span>StandardCharsets<\/span>.<\/span>UTF_8<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a: \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>lines<\/span>.<\/span>size<\/span>());<\/span>\n        <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f: \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>lines<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>));<\/span>\n        <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442: \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>Files<\/span>.<\/span>size<\/span>(<\/span>file<\/span>));<\/span>\n        <\/span>System<\/span>.<\/span>out<\/span>.<\/span>println<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c: \"<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>file<\/span>.<\/span>toAbsolutePath<\/span>());<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 (\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430):<\/p>\n
    \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a: 2\n\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\n\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442: 52\n\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c: \/w\/data\/notes.txt\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442:<\/p>\n