{"id":2393,"date":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=2393"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:35:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:35:16","slug":"yazyki-si-semejstva-i-binarnye-fajly-chto-nuzhno-znat","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/yazyki-si-semejstva-i-binarnye-fajly-chto-nuzhno-znat\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0432 C: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 fwrite, fread \u0438 fseek"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/strong> — \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442: double<\/code> \u0441\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c 120.0<\/code> \u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c\u044e \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u00ab120\u00bb. \u0412 C \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 <stdio.h><\/code>: fopen<\/code> \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c \"rb\"<\/code>\/\"wb\"<\/code>, fwrite<\/code>, fread<\/code>, fseek<\/code> \u0438 ftell<\/code>.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440: fopen, fwrite, fread, fclose<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. \u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f: fseek \u0438 ftell<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b while (!feof(f))<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442: \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 struct \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a — \u043d\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. \u0427\u0443\u0436\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b: \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0432 C++ \u0438 C<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b 23.09.2026 \u043d\u0430 Apple clang 21 (macOS, arm64) \u0438 gcc 13.3 (Ubuntu 24.04, arm64, \u0441 -fsanitize=address,undefined<\/code>), -std=c11 -Wall -Wextra<\/code>.<\/p>\n

    \u041d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/strong> (\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435), \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a<\/strong> (FILE *<\/code> — \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439) \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f<\/strong> (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 \"rb\"<\/code>).<\/p>\n

    \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n

    \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435, \u0430 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435: \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0432 \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u0438\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430<\/th>\n\u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c (\"r\"<\/code>, \"w\"<\/code>)<\/th>\n\u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c (\"rb\"<\/code>, \"wb\"<\/code>)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    Linux, macOS (POSIX)<\/td>\n\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430 b<\/code> \u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    Windows (CRT Microsoft)<\/td>\n\\n<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \\r\\n<\/code>, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e; \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 0x1A<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n\u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0435 b<\/code> \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430: \u043d\u0430 Linux \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0435\u0437 b<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 Windows \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u044f\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b 0x0D<\/code>.<\/p>\n

    fgets<\/code> \u0438 fscanf<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442: fgets<\/code> \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 0x0A<\/code> (\u043a\u043e\u0434 \\n<\/code>), \u0430 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 strlen<\/code> \u0438 printf(\"%s\")<\/code>.<\/p>\n

    \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440<\/h2>\n

    \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0432 records.bin<\/code> \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n

    #include<\/span> <\/span><stdio.h><\/span>\n#include<\/span> <\/span><stdlib.h><\/span>\n\nstruct<\/span> <\/span>record<\/span> { <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>id<\/span>; <\/span>double<\/span> <\/span>price<\/span>; };<\/span>\n\nint<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>(<\/span>void<\/span>)<\/span>\n{<\/span>\n    <\/span>struct<\/span> <\/span>record<\/span> <\/span>out<\/span>[<\/span>3<\/span>] <\/span>=<\/span> {{<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>9.5<\/span>}, {<\/span>2<\/span>, <\/span>120.0<\/span>}, {<\/span>3<\/span>, <\/span>0.25<\/span>}};<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>FILE<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span>f<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>fopen<\/span>(<\/span>\"records.bin\"<\/span>, <\/span>\"wb\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>f<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>NULL<\/span>) { <\/span>perror<\/span>(<\/span>\"fopen records.bin\"<\/span>); <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>EXIT_FAILURE<\/span>; }<\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>fwrite<\/span>(<\/span>out<\/span>, <\/span>sizeof<\/span> <\/span>out<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>], <\/span>3<\/span>, <\/span>f<\/span>) <\/span>!=<\/span> <\/span>3<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>perror<\/span>(<\/span>\"fwrite\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>fclose<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>EXIT_FAILURE<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>fclose<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>) <\/span>!=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>) { <\/span>perror<\/span>(<\/span>\"fclose\"<\/span>); <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>EXIT_FAILURE<\/span>; }  <\/span>\/* \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440 \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u041e\u0421 *\/<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>f<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>fopen<\/span>(<\/span>\"records.bin\"<\/span>, <\/span>\"rb\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>f<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>NULL<\/span>) { <\/span>perror<\/span>(<\/span>\"fopen records.bin\"<\/span>); <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>EXIT_FAILURE<\/span>; }<\/span>\n    <\/span>struct<\/span> <\/span>record<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>;<\/span>\n    <\/span>while<\/span> (<\/span>fread<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>r<\/span>, <\/span>sizeof<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>, <\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>f<\/span>) <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>1<\/span>)<\/span>\n        <\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"id=%d price=%.2f\\n\"<\/span>, <\/span>r<\/span>.<\/span>id<\/span>, <\/span>r<\/span>.<\/span>price<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>ferror<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>))<\/span>\n        <\/span>perror<\/span>(<\/span>\"fread\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>fclose<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>);<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"sizeof(struct record) = %zu\\n\"<\/span>, <\/span>sizeof<\/span>(<\/span>struct<\/span> <\/span>record<\/span>));<\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>EXIT_SUCCESS<\/span>;<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a: cc -std=c11 -Wall -Wextra -o records records.c && .\/records<\/code>. \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b:<\/p>\n
    id=1 price=9.50\nid=2 price=120.00\nid=3 price=0.25\nsizeof(struct record) = 16\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b records.bin<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 48 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442: \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u043e 16.<\/p>\n
    \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440: fopen, fwrite, fread, fclose<\/h2>\n
    fopen(path, mode)<\/code><\/strong> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 FILE *<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 NULL<\/code> (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 perror<\/code>). \u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c<\/th>\n\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \"rb\"<\/code><\/td>\n\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430<\/td>\n\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \"wb\"<\/code><\/td>\n\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f<\/td>\n\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \"ab\"<\/code><\/td>\n\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n\u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 fseek<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \"r+b\"<\/code><\/td>\n\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n\u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \"w+b\"<\/code><\/td>\n\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f<\/td>\n\u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \"wbx\"<\/code> (C11)<\/td>\n\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \u0412 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0441 +<\/code> \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 C \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c — fflush<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 fseek<\/code>; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e — fseek<\/code>, rewind<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 fsetpos<\/code> (\u043a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430); fflush<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n
    fwrite(ptr, size, n, f)<\/code><\/strong> \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 n<\/code> \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e size<\/code> \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442; \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 n<\/code> — \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438.<\/p>\n
    fread(ptr, size, n, f)<\/code><\/strong> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432; \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 n<\/code> — \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430, \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 feof(f)<\/code> \u0438 ferror(f)<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n
    fclose(f)<\/code><\/strong> \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443: \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u041e\u0421 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a fclose<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 — \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432 POSIX \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c fsync<\/code>.<\/p>\n
    \u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f: fseek \u0438 ftell<\/h2>\n
    \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0445 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 i<\/code> \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443: \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 = \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 x \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 records.bin<\/code> \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n
    #include<\/span> <\/span><stdio.h><\/span>\n#include<\/span> <\/span><stdlib.h><\/span>\n\nstruct<\/span> <\/span>record<\/span> { <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>id<\/span>; <\/span>double<\/span> <\/span>price<\/span>; };<\/span>\n\nint<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>(<\/span>void<\/span>)<\/span>\n{<\/span>\n    <\/span>FILE<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span>f<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>fopen<\/span>(<\/span>\"records.bin\"<\/span>, <\/span>\"rb\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>f<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>NULL<\/span>) { <\/span>perror<\/span>(<\/span>\"fopen records.bin\"<\/span>); <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>EXIT_FAILURE<\/span>; }<\/span>\n    <\/span>struct<\/span> <\/span>record<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>;<\/span>\n    <\/span>long<\/span> <\/span>size<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>-1<\/span>, <\/span>index<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>2<\/span>;           <\/span>\/* \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 2 = \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c *\/<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>fseek<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>, <\/span>0L<\/span>, <\/span>SEEK_END<\/span>) <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>)     <\/span>\/* \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 *\/<\/span>\n        <\/span>size<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>ftell<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>long<\/span> <\/span>count<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>size<\/span> <\/span><<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span> <\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span> <\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>size<\/span> <\/span>\/<\/span> (<\/span>long<\/span>)<\/span>sizeof<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>;<\/span>\n    <\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"bytes=%ld records=%ld\\n\"<\/span>, <\/span>size<\/span>, <\/span>count<\/span>);<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>index<\/span> <\/span>>=<\/span> <\/span>count<\/span> <\/span>||<\/span> <\/span>fseek<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>, <\/span>index<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span> (<\/span>long<\/span>)<\/span>sizeof<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>, <\/span>SEEK_SET<\/span>) <\/span>!=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>\n        <\/span>||<\/span> <\/span>fread<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>r<\/span>, <\/span>sizeof<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>, <\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>f<\/span>) <\/span>!=<\/span> <\/span>1<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>, <\/span>\"no record %ld\\n\"<\/span>, <\/span>index<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>fclose<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>EXIT_FAILURE<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n    <\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"record[%ld]: id=%d price=%.2f\\n\"<\/span>, <\/span>index<\/span>, <\/span>r<\/span>.<\/span>id<\/span>, <\/span>r<\/span>.<\/span>price<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>fclose<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>EXIT_SUCCESS<\/span>;<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    bytes=48 records=3\nrecord[2]: id=3 price=0.25\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 fseek<\/code> — \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430: SEEK_SET<\/code> (\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u043e), SEEK_CUR<\/code> (\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044f), SEEK_END<\/code> (\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446). \u0421\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 — \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 sizeof<\/code>.<\/p>\n
    \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u0430. ftell<\/code> \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 long<\/code>, \u0430 \u0432 64-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 Windows \u043e\u043d 32-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439: \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 2 \u0413\u0411 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b _fseeki64<\/code>\/_ftelli64<\/code>, \u0432 POSIX — fseeko<\/code>\/ftello<\/code> (\u043d\u0430 32-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c Linux \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438 -D_FILE_OFFSET_BITS=64<\/code>). \u0421\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 C \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043e\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c SEEK_END<\/code>; \u043d\u0430 Linux, macOS \u0438 Windows \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 stat<\/code> (POSIX) \u0438\u043b\u0438 _stat64<\/code> (Windows).<\/p>\n
    \u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b while (!feof(f))<\/h2>\n
    \u041d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b — \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n
        <\/span>\/* \u041d\u0415\u0412\u0415\u0420\u041d\u041e: \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 *\/<\/span>\n    <\/span>while<\/span> (<\/span>!<\/span>feof<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>)) {                    <\/span>\/* \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0414\u041e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f *\/<\/span>\n        <\/span>fread<\/span>(<\/span>&<\/span>r<\/span>, <\/span>sizeof<\/span> <\/span>r<\/span>, <\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>f<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"id=%d price=%.2f\\n\"<\/span>, <\/span>r<\/span>.<\/span>id<\/span>, <\/span>r<\/span>.<\/span>price<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 — \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b:<\/p>\n
    id=1 price=9.50\nid=2 price=120.00\nid=3 price=0.25\nid=3 price=0.25\nsizeof(struct record) = 16\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0424\u043b\u0430\u0433 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u043e\u043c. \u0427\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0439 fread<\/code> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b 0, r<\/code> \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442), \u0438 printf<\/code> \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u043b \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e; gcc \u0432 Ubuntu \u0441 -O2<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 ignoring return value of 'fread'<\/code>. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 — \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: while (fread(&r, sizeof r, 1, f) == 1)<\/code>, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435.<\/p>\n
    \u0412\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442: \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 struct \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a — \u043d\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442<\/h2>\n
    \u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 12 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 (int<\/code> 4 + double<\/code> 8), \u0430 sizeof<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u043b 16 (x86-64 \u0438 ARM64; \u043d\u0430 32-\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c x86 Linux \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b 12). \u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b 4 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f (padding) \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 id<\/code>, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b double<\/code> \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443, \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 8. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n
    \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435. \u041c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430 int<\/code> \u0438 long<\/code>, \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0430 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c sizeof<\/code>) \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442<\/strong>: \u043d\u0430 x86-64 \u0438 ARM64 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c (little-endian), \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 IBM Z — \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 (big-endian). \u0423\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\n
    \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 — \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0448\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437 <stdint.h><\/code>. \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 PRC1<\/code>: \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438\u0437 4 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u043e 8 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442; \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0432 little-endian, \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430 — \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0435\u0435\u043a, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 double<\/code>.<\/p>\n
    #include<\/span> <\/span><stdint.h><\/span>\n#include<\/span> <\/span><stdio.h><\/span>\n#include<\/span> <\/span><stdlib.h><\/span>\n#include<\/span> <\/span><string.h><\/span>\n\n\/* \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442: \"PRC1\" | count (u32 LE) | count x { id (u32 LE), cents (u32 LE) } *\/<\/span>\nstatic<\/span> <\/span>void<\/span> <\/span>put_u32le<\/span>(<\/span>unsigned<\/span> <\/span>char<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span>p<\/span>, <\/span>uint32_t<\/span> <\/span>v<\/span>)<\/span>\n{<\/span>\n    <\/span>for<\/span> (<\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>; <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span><<\/span> <\/span>4<\/span>; <\/span>i<\/span>++<\/span>) <\/span>p<\/span>[<\/span>i<\/span>] <\/span>=<\/span> (<\/span>v<\/span> <\/span>>><\/span> (<\/span>8<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span>)) <\/span>&<\/span> <\/span>0xFF<\/span>;<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\nstatic<\/span> <\/span>uint32_t<\/span> <\/span>get_u32le<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>unsigned<\/span> <\/span>char<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span>p<\/span>)<\/span>\n{<\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> (<\/span>uint32_t<\/span>)<\/span>p<\/span>[<\/span>0<\/span>] <\/span>|<\/span> (<\/span>uint32_t<\/span>)<\/span>p<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>] <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>8<\/span>\n         <\/span>|<\/span> (<\/span>uint32_t<\/span>)<\/span>p<\/span>[<\/span>2<\/span>] <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>16<\/span> <\/span>|<\/span> (<\/span>uint32_t<\/span>)<\/span>p<\/span>[<\/span>3<\/span>] <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>24<\/span>;<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\nstatic<\/span> <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>save<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>char<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span>path<\/span>, <\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>uint32_t<\/span> <\/span>ids<\/span>[], <\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>uint32_t<\/span> <\/span>cents<\/span>[], <\/span>uint32_t<\/span> <\/span>n<\/span>)<\/span>\n{<\/span>\n    <\/span>FILE<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span>f<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>fopen<\/span>(<\/span>path<\/span>, <\/span>\"wb\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>f<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>NULL<\/span>) { <\/span>perror<\/span>(<\/span>path<\/span>); <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>-1<\/span>; }<\/span>\n    <\/span>unsigned<\/span> <\/span>char<\/span> <\/span>buf<\/span>[<\/span>8<\/span>];<\/span>\n    <\/span>memcpy<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span>, <\/span>\"PRC1\"<\/span>, <\/span>4<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>put_u32le<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>4<\/span>, <\/span>n<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>ok<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>fwrite<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span>, <\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>8<\/span>, <\/span>f<\/span>) <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>8<\/span>;<\/span>\n    <\/span>for<\/span> (<\/span>uint32_t<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>; <\/span>ok<\/span> <\/span>&&<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span><<\/span> <\/span>n<\/span>; <\/span>i<\/span>++<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>put_u32le<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span>, <\/span>ids<\/span>[<\/span>i<\/span>]);<\/span>\n        <\/span>put_u32le<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>4<\/span>, <\/span>cents<\/span>[<\/span>i<\/span>]);<\/span>\n        <\/span>ok<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>fwrite<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span>, <\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>8<\/span>, <\/span>f<\/span>) <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>8<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>fclose<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>) <\/span>!=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span> <\/span>||<\/span> <\/span>!<\/span>ok<\/span>) { <\/span>fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>, <\/span>\"%s: write failed\\n\"<\/span>, <\/span>path<\/span>); <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>-1<\/span>; }<\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>;<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\nstatic<\/span> <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>load<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>char<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span>path<\/span>)<\/span>\n{<\/span>\n    <\/span>FILE<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span>f<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>fopen<\/span>(<\/span>path<\/span>, <\/span>\"rb\"<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>f<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>NULL<\/span>) { <\/span>perror<\/span>(<\/span>path<\/span>); <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>-1<\/span>; }<\/span>\n    <\/span>unsigned<\/span> <\/span>char<\/span> <\/span>buf<\/span>[<\/span>8<\/span>];<\/span>\n    <\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>rc<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>-1<\/span>;<\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>fread<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span>, <\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>8<\/span>, <\/span>f<\/span>) <\/span>!=<\/span> <\/span>8<\/span> <\/span>||<\/span> <\/span>memcmp<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span>, <\/span>\"PRC1\"<\/span>, <\/span>4<\/span>) <\/span>!=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>, <\/span>\"%s: not a PRC1 file\\n\"<\/span>, <\/span>path<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>goto<\/span> <\/span>done<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n    <\/span>uint32_t<\/span> <\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>get_u32le<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>4<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>n<\/span> <\/span>><\/span> <\/span>100000<\/span>) {                      <\/span>\/* \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 *\/<\/span>\n        <\/span>fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>, <\/span>\"%s: count %u is too large\\n\"<\/span>, <\/span>path<\/span>, (<\/span>unsigned<\/span>)<\/span>n<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>goto<\/span> <\/span>done<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n    <\/span>for<\/span> (<\/span>uint32_t<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>; <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span><<\/span> <\/span>n<\/span>; <\/span>i<\/span>++<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>fread<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span>, <\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>8<\/span>, <\/span>f<\/span>) <\/span>!=<\/span> <\/span>8<\/span>) {<\/span>\n            <\/span>fprintf<\/span>(<\/span>stderr<\/span>, <\/span>\"%s: truncated at record %u\\n\"<\/span>, <\/span>path<\/span>, (<\/span>unsigned<\/span>)<\/span>i<\/span>);<\/span>\n            <\/span>goto<\/span> <\/span>done<\/span>;<\/span>\n        }<\/span>\n        <\/span>uint32_t<\/span> <\/span>cents<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>get_u32le<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>4<\/span>);<\/span>\n        <\/span>printf<\/span>(<\/span>\"id=%u price=%u.%02u\\n\"<\/span>, (<\/span>unsigned<\/span>)<\/span>get_u32le<\/span>(<\/span>buf<\/span>),<\/span>\n               (<\/span>unsigned<\/span>)(<\/span>cents<\/span> <\/span>\/<\/span> <\/span>100<\/span>), (<\/span>unsigned<\/span>)(<\/span>cents<\/span> <\/span>%<\/span> <\/span>100<\/span>));<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n    <\/span>rc<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>;<\/span>\ndone<\/span>:<\/span>\n    <\/span>fclose<\/span>(<\/span>f<\/span>);<\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>rc<\/span>;<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\nint<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>(<\/span>int<\/span> <\/span>argc<\/span>, <\/span>char<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span>argv<\/span>[])<\/span>\n{<\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>argc<\/span> <\/span>><\/span> <\/span>1<\/span>)                          <\/span>\/* .\/portable file.bin - \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 *\/<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>load<\/span>(<\/span>argv<\/span>[<\/span>1<\/span>]) <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span> <\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>EXIT_SUCCESS<\/span> <\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>EXIT_FAILURE<\/span>;<\/span>\n    <\/span>uint32_t<\/span> <\/span>ids<\/span>[] <\/span>=<\/span> {<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>}, <\/span>cents<\/span>[] <\/span>=<\/span> {<\/span>950<\/span>, <\/span>12000<\/span>, <\/span>25<\/span>};<\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>save<\/span>(<\/span>\"prices.bin\"<\/span>, <\/span>ids<\/span>, <\/span>cents<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>) <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span> <\/span>&&<\/span> <\/span>load<\/span>(<\/span>\"prices.bin\"<\/span>) <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>\n           <\/span>?<\/span> <\/span>EXIT_SUCCESS<\/span> <\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>EXIT_FAILURE<\/span>;<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 prices.bin<\/code>; xxd<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 — 32 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435:<\/p>\n
    id=1 price=9.50\nid=2 price=120.00\nid=3 price=0.25\n00000000: 5052 4331 0300 0000 0100 0000 b603 0000  PRC1............\n00000010: 0200 0000 e02e 0000 0300 0000 1900 0000  ................\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0427\u0443\u0436\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b: \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/h2>\n
    \u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c. \u0427\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 — \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435: \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 count<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 load<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0433\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443, \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 count<\/code> \u0438 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 fread<\/code>. \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b (cut.bin<\/code> — \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 20 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 prices.bin<\/code>, evil.bin<\/code> — \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a \u0441 count = 0x7FFFFFFF<\/code>):<\/p>\n
    $ .\/portable cut.bin > \/dev\/null\ncut.bin: truncated at record 1\n$ .\/portable evil.bin\nevil.bin: count 2147483647 is too large\n$ .\/portable records.bin\nrecords.bin: not a PRC1 file\n$ .\/portable nope.bin\nnope.bin: No such file or directory\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0430 1. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f: \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443, \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445 (fuzzing).<\/p>\n
    \u0411\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0432 C++ \u0438 C<\/h2>\n
    \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f API.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/th>\nC<\/th>\nC++<\/th>\nC#<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\nfopen(p, \"rb\")<\/code><\/td>\nstd::ifstream in(p, std::ios::binary)<\/code><\/td>\nFile.OpenRead(p)<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b<\/td>\nfwrite<\/code><\/td>\nout.write(ptr, n)<\/code><\/td>\nBinaryWriter.Write<\/code>, Stream.Write<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b<\/td>\nfread<\/code><\/td>\nin.read(ptr, n)<\/code>, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c in.gcount()<\/code><\/td>\nBinaryReader<\/code>, Stream.Read<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
    \u0412 C# BinaryWriter<\/code> \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0432 little-endian \u043d\u0430 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c BinaryPrimitives<\/code>. \u0412 C++ \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 reinterpret_cast<\/code> \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0432 C.<\/p>\n
    \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n