{"id":1957,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=1957"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:31:13","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:31:13","slug":"c-i-framework-pervoe-znakomstvo","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/c-i-framework-pervoe-znakomstvo\/","title":{"rendered":"C# \u0438 .NET Framework: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e, CLR \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 C#"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>C#<\/strong> &#8212; \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 <strong>.NET<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 C#: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f CLR, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438. <strong>.NET Framework<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e Windows-\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b; \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f 4.8.1 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c <strong>.NET<\/strong> (\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 .NET Core), \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f LTS-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f &#8212; .NET 10 \u0441 C# 14.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 C<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 CLR \u0438 CIL \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">.NET Framework \u0438 .NET: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u041f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 C# \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: WinForms \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0410 <strong>\u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 C#<\/strong> \u0432 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0435 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b: ASP.NET Core \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0431\u0430, EF Core \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, .NET MAUI, WPF \u0438 Avalonia \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u043c .NET Framework \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 .NET \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 .NET SDK 10.0.401 (runtime 10.0.12) \u0432 Linux-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435 24.09.2026.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e<\/h2>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0445.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>C#<\/td>\n<td>\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a: \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441, \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int Square(int x) =&gt; x * x;<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>.NET (\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430)<\/td>\n<td>CLR + \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 + SDK (\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dotnet<\/code>)<\/td>\n<td>.NET 10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>.NET Framework<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f .NET, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e Windows<\/td>\n<td>4.8.1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>.NET Core, .NET 5+<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>.NET 8, .NET 10<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CLR<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: JIT-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e .NET<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>CIL (IL)<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442-\u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f C#<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ldarg.0<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mul<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ret<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>BCL<\/td>\n<td>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">List&lt;T&gt;<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">File<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">HttpClient<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0430\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u0434\u0438\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>ASP.NET Core, WPF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430: C# &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a .NET (\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c F# \u0438 Visual Basic .NET), \u0430 .NET-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 Visual Studio &#8212; \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e SDK \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dotnet<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 C<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 C# (Roslyn) \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.cs<\/code>-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.dll<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.exe<\/code>. \u0412\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0430 CIL \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430\u0445.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 CLR \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>JIT-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0449\u0438\u043a \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 (GC) \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c .NET \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f (\u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 JIT, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u00ab\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0438\u0445\u00bb \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432), \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f ReadyToRun \u0438 Native AOT, \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0438 JIT \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434<\/h3>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434<\/strong> \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u0435\u043c CLR: \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 GC, \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0447\u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438. \u0412\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 C# \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0435\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434<\/strong> &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 C\/C++ \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 API. C# \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 P\/Invoke, \u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0435 CLR \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0420\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">unsafe<\/code> \u0432 C# \u0441 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439: \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u043c \u043d\u0430 CLR \u0438 CIL \u0438\u0437\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b CIL \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dotnet new console<\/code>, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dotnet run -c Release<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System.Reflection<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System.Runtime.InteropServices<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: {RuntimeInformation.FrameworkDescription}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u041e\u0421: {RuntimeInformation.OSDescription}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430: {RuntimeInformation.ProcessArchitecture}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 Square \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0430 \u0432 CIL (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0436\u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a).<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">MethodInfo<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">square<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">typeof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Calc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">).<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GetMethod<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">nameof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Calc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Square<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">il<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">square<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GetMethodBody<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GetILAsByteArray<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"CIL \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 Square: {BitConverter.ToString(il)}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"Square(7) = {Calc.Square(7)}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0449\u0438\u043a \u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430 (GC): \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e.<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">before<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GC<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GetTotalAllocatedBytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">precise<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">true<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">byte<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">_000_000<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">];<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">after<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GC<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GetTotalAllocatedBytes<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">precise<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">true<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u0412\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432: ~{(after - before) \/ 1_000_000.0:F1} \u041c\u0411, \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 {data.Length}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Calc<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">Square<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mcr.microsoft.com\/dotnet\/sdk:10.0<\/code> (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u041e\u0421 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u043c\u0438):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: .NET 10.0.12\n\u041e\u0421: Ubuntu 24.04.5 LTS\n\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430: Arm64\nCIL \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 Square: 02-02-5A-2A\nSquare(7) = 49\n\u0412\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432: ~1.0 \u041c\u0411, \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 1000000\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FrameworkDescription<\/code> \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b. \u041d\u0430 .NET Framework \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.NET Framework 4.8...<\/code>, \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c .NET &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.NET 10.0.x<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">02-02-5A-2A<\/code> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e CIL \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Square<\/code>: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ldarg.0<\/code> (\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a) \u0434\u0432\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mul<\/code> (\u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ret<\/code> (\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c). \u041c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0434\u043b\u044f ARM64 \u0438\u043b\u0438 x64 \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442 JIT \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0445.<\/li>\n<li>\u041c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u043e\u043d \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">malloc<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">free<\/code>: \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 GC.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430: \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438 Release-\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0430\u0445 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">{ return x * x; }<\/code>), \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dotnet run<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">-c Release<\/code>) \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">00-02-02-5A-0A-2B-00-06-2A<\/code>: \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">nop<\/code>, \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ret<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443. Release-\u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">02-02-5A-2A<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">.NET Framework \u0438 .NET: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u0425\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e: .NET Framework 1.0 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u043b \u0432 2002 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0432 2016-\u043c \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 .NET Core 1.0. \u0412 2020 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c .NET 5 (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 4 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 .NET Framework 4.x). \u0421 \u0442\u0435\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c: \u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 &#8212; LTS, \u043d\u0435\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 &#8212; STS \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/th>\n<th>.NET Framework<\/th>\n<th>.NET (Core, 5+)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0421<\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e Windows<\/td>\n<td>Windows, Linux, macOS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0410\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>4.8.1, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439<\/td>\n<td>.NET 10 LTS, \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f 4.x \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 Windows<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434<\/td>\n<td>\u0417\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 (MIT)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0412\u0435\u0431<\/td>\n<td>ASP.NET MVC, Web Forms<\/td>\n<td>ASP.NET Core<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f<\/td>\n<td>WinForms, WPF<\/td>\n<td>WinForms \u0438 WPF (\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e Windows), MAUI, Avalonia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.csproj<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">net48<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">net481<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">net8.0<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">net10.0<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">net10.0-windows<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442<\/strong> &#8212; .NET 10: LTS, \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0439 C#.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong> \u043d\u0430 .NET Framework &#8212; \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 4.8.1, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044e\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e. Web Forms \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c WCF \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 .NET \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044b, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/strong> &#8212; \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">netstandard2.0<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;TargetFrameworks&gt;net48;net10.0&lt;\/TargetFrameworks&gt;<\/code>).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u041f\u043e\u043f\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 C# \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043c<\/h2>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445: \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 (.NET) \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, Newtonsoft.Json) \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0430 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0430\u0448 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a<\/th>\n<th>\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0412\u0435\u0431-API, \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b<\/td>\n<td>ASP.NET Core (Minimal API, MVC, Razor Pages)<\/td>\n<td>Windows, Linux, macOS, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u043d\u0430 ASP.NET MVC 5 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 .NET Framework<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043d\u0430 C#<\/td>\n<td>Blazor (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c ASP.NET Core)<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 WebAssembly<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e SPA \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c JS-\u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0411\u0414<\/td>\n<td>Entity Framework Core<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435, \u0433\u0434\u0435 .NET<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c SQL &#8212; \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e-ORM \u0438\u043b\u0438 ADO.NET<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f \u043f\u043e\u0434 Windows<\/td>\n<td>WPF, Windows Forms, WinUI 3<\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e Windows<\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d Linux\/macOS &#8212; Avalonia \u0438\u043b\u0438 MAUI<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 UI<\/td>\n<td>.NET MAUI, Avalonia (\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439)<\/td>\n<td>MAUI: Windows, macOS, Android, iOS; Avalonia: \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 Linux<\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e Windows &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 WPF<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0418\u0433\u0440\u044b<\/td>\n<td>Unity, Godot (C# \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432)<\/td>\n<td>\u0417\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>Unity \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 C# \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435 (Mono \u0438\u043b\u0438 IL2CPP), Godot 4 &#8212; \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c .NET; \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 C#-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 Godot \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b<\/td>\n<td>xUnit, NUnit, MSTest<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435, \u0433\u0434\u0435 .NET<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/td>\n<td>Orleans<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435, \u0433\u0434\u0435 .NET<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0430 ASP.NET Core<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 Xamarin \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430: \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0432 2024 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0438\u043a &#8212; .NET MAUI.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: WinForms \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c .NET \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 WinForms \u0438 WPF. \u0412\u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c WinForms-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">net10.0<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">&lt;Project<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Sdk=<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"Microsoft.NET.Sdk\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">&lt;PropertyGroup&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">&lt;OutputType&gt;<\/span>WinExe<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">&lt;\/OutputType&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">&lt;TargetFramework&gt;<\/span>net10.0<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">&lt;\/TargetFramework&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">&lt;UseWindowsForms&gt;<\/span>true<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">&lt;\/UseWindowsForms&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">&lt;\/PropertyGroup&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">&lt;\/Project&gt;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dotnet build<\/code> (\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a SDK \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">error NETSDK1136: The target platform must be set to Windows (usually by including &#x27;-windows&#x27; in the TargetFramework property) when using Windows Forms or WPF, or referencing projects or packages that do so.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441 \u0441\u0443\u0444\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;TargetFramework&gt;net10.0-windows&lt;\/TargetFramework&gt;<\/code>. \u041d\u0430 Windows \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 Linux \u0438\u043b\u0438 macOS \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">error NETSDK1100: To build a project targeting Windows on this operating system, set the EnableWindowsTargeting property to true.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;EnableWindowsTargeting&gt;true&lt;\/EnableWindowsTargeting&gt;<\/code> \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442, \u043d\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dotnet run<\/code> \u0432 Linux-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">You must install or update .NET to run this application<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Framework: 'Microsoft.WindowsDesktop.App'<\/code>. \u0424\u043b\u0430\u0433 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432\u043d\u0435 Windows (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043d\u0430 CI), \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 Windows.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e .NET (Windows, Linux, macOS):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">dotnet<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>--list-sdks<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">       <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># SDK: \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b<\/span>\ndotnet<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>--list-runtimes<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">Microsoft.AspNetCore.App 10.0.12 [\/usr\/share\/dotnet\/shared\/Microsoft.AspNetCore.App]\nMicrosoft.NETCore.App 10.0.12 [\/usr\/share\/dotnet\/shared\/Microsoft.NETCore.App]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432 .NET \u00ab\u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u00bb &#8212; \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Microsoft.NETCore.App<\/code> &#8212; \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Microsoft.AspNetCore.App<\/code> &#8212; \u0432\u0435\u0431, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Microsoft.WindowsDesktop.App<\/code> (WinForms\/WPF) \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 Windows.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e .NET Framework 4.x \u043d\u0430 Windows \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 PowerShell &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Get-ItemProperty<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">'HKLM:\\SOFTWARE\\Microsoft\\NET Framework Setup\\NDP\\v4\\Full'<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">|<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Select-Object<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Version<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Release<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<h3>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/h3>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">You must install or update .NET to run this application<\/code><\/strong> &#8212; \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438. \u0421\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dotnet --list-runtimes<\/code> \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 runtime.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 NETSDK1045 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435<\/strong> &#8212; SDK \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.csproj<\/code>. \u041e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435 SDK \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u044c\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">TargetFramework<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 .NET Framework 3.5<\/strong> &#8212; \u0432 Windows 10\/11 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u00ab\u041a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445 Windows\u00bb, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c .NET Framework 4.x \u0432 Windows 10\/11 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0445 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f Windows, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 .NET Framework Repair Tool.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>C# &#8212; \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, .NET &#8212; \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430 (CLR, \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438, SDK), .NET Framework &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u044f Windows-\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 4.8.1.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 C# \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 CIL, \u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 JIT \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0435 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438 Native AOT); \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 GC.<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b &#8212; \u043d\u0430 .NET 10 LTS; .NET Framework \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 legacy-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n<li>\u00ab\u0424\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 C#\u00bb \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443: ASP.NET Core \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0431\u0430, EF Core \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0411\u0414, WPF\/WinForms \u0434\u043b\u044f Windows-\u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430, MAUI \u0438\u043b\u0438 Avalonia \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e UI.<\/li>\n<li>WinForms \u0438 WPF \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 Windows \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c .NET: \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">net10.0-windows<\/code>.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0441\u043f\u043b\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430: \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.csproj<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441 \u043d\u0430 Linux. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441\u0430 C# \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 .NET \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e, \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/c-sharp-basic\/?int_article=c-i-framework-pervoe-znakomstvo&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00abC#-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb<\/a>. \u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e .NET \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=c-i-framework-pervoe-znakomstvo&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 C# \u0431\u0435\u0437 .NET?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442: C#-\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 CIL, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c .NET, Mono \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c \u0438\u0433\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438 Native AOT \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c .NET Framework, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e \u0441 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0441 .NET 10. \u0417\u043d\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 .NET Framework \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b (C#, CLR, BCL) \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><strong>.NET Standard &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435\u0442, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 API. \u0411\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0441 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">netstandard2.0<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043a .NET Framework 4.6.1+, \u0438 \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 .NET.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>C# &#8212; \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430 .NET &#8212; \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043d\u0430 C#: \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f CLR, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438. .NET Framework &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e Windows-\u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b; \u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f 4.8.1 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c .NET (\u0431\u044b\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 .NET Core), \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f LTS-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f &#8212; .NET 10 \u0441 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