{"id":1951,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=1951"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:31:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:31:16","slug":"c-i-sql-zaprosy-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/c-i-sql-zaprosy-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu\/","title":{"rendered":"SQL \u0432 C#: \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 ADO.NET, Dapper \u0438 EF Core"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>SQL \u0432 C#<\/strong> \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0438. \u0421\u0430\u043c C# \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0430 SQL \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440), \u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b C#. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c: \u00ab\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439\u00bb ADO.NET, \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e-ORM Dapper \u0438 ORM Entity Framework Core, \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 &#8212; \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442: \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 ADO.NET<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 SQL-\u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u0422\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 SQL Server: SqlConnection \u0438 SqlCommand<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">Dapper: \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 SQL, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">EF Core: LINQ \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e SQL-\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c: ADO.NET, Dapper \u0438\u043b\u0438 EF Core<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s12\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b 24.09.2026 \u0432 .NET 10 (SDK 10.0.401) \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445 Microsoft.Data.Sqlite 10.0.12, Dapper 2.1.89, Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite 10.0.12. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043e\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 &#8212; SQLite \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438: \u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442: \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c<\/h2>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0445.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>SQL<\/strong> &#8212; \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043a \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">INSERT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">UPDATE<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DELETE<\/code>). \u0415\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 .NET.<\/li>\n<li><strong>ADO.NET<\/strong> &#8212; \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 API .NET \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DbConnection<\/code>), \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DbCommand<\/code>), \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DbDataReader<\/code>), \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 ADO.NET \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Microsoft.Data.SqlClient<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f SQL Server (\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SqlConnection<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SqlCommand<\/code>), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Npgsql<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f PostgreSQL, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Microsoft.Data.Sqlite<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f SQLite.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Dapper<\/strong> &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434 ADO.NET: SQL \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430.<\/li>\n<li><strong>EF Core<\/strong> &#8212; ORM: \u0432\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 LINQ, \u0430 SQL \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 EF Core.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u0442\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 SQL. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 &#8212; \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043a\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 ADO.NET<\/h2>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dotnet new console<\/code>, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dotnet add package Microsoft.Data.Sqlite<\/code>. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Program.cs<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Microsoft.Data.Sqlite<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SqliteConnection<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"Data Source=:memory:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Open<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 1. DDL \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435: ExecuteNonQuery<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CreateCommand<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CommandText<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">        CREATE TABLE users (<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">            id    INTEGER PRIMARY KEY,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">            name  TEXT NOT NULL,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">            email TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">        );<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">        INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">            ('\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430', 'anna@example.com'),<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">            ('\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441', 'boris@example.com');<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">        \"\"\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a: {cmd.ExecuteNonQuery()}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 2. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: ExecuteScalar<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CreateCommand<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CommandText<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ExecuteScalar<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439: {count}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 3. \u041d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c: ExecuteReader<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CreateCommand<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CommandText<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"SELECT id, name FROM users WHERE email = $email\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Parameters<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">AddWithValue<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"$email\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"boris@example.com\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">reader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ExecuteReader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">while<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">reader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Read<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d: {reader.GetInt64(0)} {reader.GetString(1)}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dotnet run<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a: 2\n\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439: 2\n\u041d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d: 2 \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0430\u043c. \u0421\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">using<\/code> &#8212; \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 SQL. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u0436\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ExecuteNonQuery()<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">INSERT<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">UPDATE<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DELETE<\/code>, DDL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ExecuteScalar()<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">object<\/code>)<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">COUNT(*)<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">MAX(...)<\/code>, id \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ExecuteReader()<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Read()<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SELECT<\/code> \u0441 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0414\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u044f DDL \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f DML. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ExecuteScalar<\/code> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">null<\/code>, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DBNull.Value<\/code>, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NULL<\/code> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f\u0445 \u0443\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0442. \u0423 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ExecuteReaderAsync<\/code> \u0438 \u0442. \u0434.) &#8212; \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0438\u0445.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 SQL-\u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0432\u0435\u043b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Program.cs<\/code>:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u041d\u0415\u0412\u0415\u0420\u041d\u041e: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 SQL<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">input<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"x' OR '1'='1\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CreateCommand<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CommandText<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"SELECT name FROM users WHERE email = '{input}'\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">bad<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ExecuteReader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">while<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Read<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()) <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u0423\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430: {r.GetString(0)}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0412\u0415\u0420\u041d\u041e: \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c, SQL-\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">good<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CreateCommand<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">good<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CommandText<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"SELECT name FROM users WHERE email = $email\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">good<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Parameters<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">AddWithValue<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"$email\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">input<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">r<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">good<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ExecuteReader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0443: {(r.Read() ? \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\" : \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\")}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0423\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430: \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430\n\u0423\u0442\u0435\u0447\u043a\u0430: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\n\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0443: 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043b, \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">email = 'x' OR '1'='1'<\/code> &#8212; \u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a. \u0412\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430 email \u0441 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">x' OR '1'='1<\/code> \u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0448\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <strong>\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>. \u0418\u043c\u044f \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u042d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c. \u0418 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430: \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430: \u0432 SQLite \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$name<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">@name<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">:name<\/code>, \u0432 SQL Server &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">@name<\/code>, \u0432 Npgsql &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">@name<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">$1<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u0422\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/h2>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">UNIQUE<\/code> \u043f\u043e email:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0414\u0432\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0435: \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 UNIQUE<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">BeginTransaction<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">foreach<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">                     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"vera@example.com\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">),<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">                     (<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430-2\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"anna@example.com\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) }) <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0434\u0443\u0431\u043b\u044c email<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ins<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CreateCommand<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ins<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Transaction<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ins<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CommandText<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES ($n, $e)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ins<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Parameters<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">AddWithValue<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"$n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ins<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Parameters<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">AddWithValue<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"$e\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">            <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ins<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ExecuteNonQuery<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Commit<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SqliteException<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ex<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">tx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Rollback<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442: {ex.Message}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CreateCommand<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CommandText<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"SELECT COUNT(*) FROM users\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430: {cmd.ExecuteScalar()}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442: SQLite Error 19: &#x27;UNIQUE constraint failed: users.email&#x27;.\n\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430: 2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u00ab\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0430\u00bb \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c: \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043b\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">catch<\/code> \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0439\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">using<\/code> \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Dispose<\/code>, \u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 (\u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c). \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ins.Transaction = tx<\/code> \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430: Microsoft.Data.Sqlite 10 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0430 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SqlClient<\/code> \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u043a \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u0422\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 SQL Server: SqlConnection \u0438 SqlCommand<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f SQL Server \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0435, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440. \u0410\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Microsoft.Data.SqlClient<\/code>, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">System.Data.SqlClient<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">System.Data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Microsoft.Data.SqlClient<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438\/\u0441\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445, \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cs<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Environment<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GetEnvironmentVariable<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"SHOP_DB\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">??<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">throw<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">InvalidOperationException<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"SHOP_DB \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Length<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">?<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">args<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">] : <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"boris@example.com\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SqlConnection<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cs<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">OpenAsync<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SqlCommand<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"SELECT id, name FROM dbo.users WHERE email = @email\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Parameters<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Add<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"@email\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SqlDbType<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">NVarChar<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">256<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">).<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Value<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">reader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">cmd<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ExecuteReaderAsync<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">while<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">await<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">reader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ReadAsync<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">())<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"{reader.GetInt32(0)}: {reader.GetString(1)}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0441 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NVarChar, 256<\/code>), \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">AddWithValue<\/code>. \u0414\u043b\u044f SQL Server \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0435\u0435: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">AddWithValue<\/code> \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0438\u0437 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f C#, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">VARCHAR<\/code> \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NVARCHAR<\/code>-\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 &#8212; \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u0443\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">Dapper: \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 SQL, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>Dapper \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Query&lt;T&gt;<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Execute<\/code>. \u041f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0430\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430. \u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Dapper<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Microsoft.Data.Sqlite<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Dapper<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Microsoft.Data.Sqlite<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SqliteConnection<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"Data Source=:memory:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Open<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Execute<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"CREATE TABLE users (id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, name TEXT NOT NULL, email TEXT NOT NULL UNIQUE)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">added<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Execute<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"INSERT INTO users (name, email) VALUES (@Name, @Email)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"anna@example.com\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> },<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"boris@example.com\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> } });<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e: {added}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">found<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Query<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"SELECT id, name, email FROM users WHERE name LIKE @prefix\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prefix<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0411%\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> });<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">foreach<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">u<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">found<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"{u.Id}: {u.Name} &lt;{u.Email}&gt;\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">User<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">long<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; } <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; } <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e: 2\n2: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441 &lt;boris@example.com&gt;\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0431\u0446\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Execute<\/code>, Dapper \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">EF Core: LINQ \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e SQL-\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 EF Core \u0432\u044b \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DbContext<\/code>, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 LINQ. \u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore.Sqlite<\/code>.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Microsoft.Data.Sqlite<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Microsoft.EntityFrameworkCore<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SqliteConnection<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"Data Source=:memory:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Open<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ in-memory \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">options<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DbContextOptionsBuilder<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">AppDb<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">().<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">UseSqlite<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">conn<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">).<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Options<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">AppDb<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">options<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Database<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">EnsureCreated<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(); <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e; \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435 - \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Users<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">AddRange<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,  <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"anna@example.com\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> },<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">new<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"boris@example.com\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> });<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e: {db.SaveChanges()}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"boris@example.com\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">query<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Users<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Where<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">u<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">u<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">==<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">).<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Select<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">u<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">u<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">query<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ToQueryString<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442: {query.Single()}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0421\u0432\u043e\u0439 SQL, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439: FromSql \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 {email} \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">viaSql<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">db<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Users<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">FromSql<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"SELECT * FROM Users WHERE Email = {email}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">).<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ToList<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Console<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">WriteLine<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">$\"FromSql \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043b: {viaSql.Count}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">User<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Id<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; } <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">string<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Email<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">get<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">set<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; } <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">AppDb<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DbContextOptions<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">AppDb<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">options<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) : <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DbContext<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">options<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">{<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">public<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DbSet<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Users<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Set<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&lt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">User<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&gt;<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e: 2\n.param set @email &#x27;boris@example.com&#x27;\n\nSELECT &quot;u&quot;.&quot;Name&quot;\nFROM &quot;Users&quot; AS &quot;u&quot;\nWHERE &quot;u&quot;.&quot;Email&quot; = @email\n\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442: \u0411\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0441\nFromSql \u043d\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043b: 1\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ToQueryString()<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 SQL EF Core \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">email<\/code> \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">@email<\/code>. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FromSql<\/code> \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b. \u0410 \u0432\u043e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">FromSqlRaw<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ExecuteSqlRaw<\/code> \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u00ab\u041d\u0415\u0412\u0415\u0420\u041d\u041e\u00bb \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c: ADO.NET, Dapper \u0438\u043b\u0438 EF Core<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0423\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b<\/td>\n<td>ADO.NET<\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435: \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430, \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td>&#8212;<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 SQL, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c<\/td>\n<td>Dapper<\/td>\n<td>SQL \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043c\u0430\u043f\u043f\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e CRUD &#8212; EF Core<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0411\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n<td>EF Core<\/td>\n<td>\u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, LINQ<\/td>\n<td>\u0433\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 SQL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SqlBulkCopy<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f SQL Server)<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">INSERT<\/code> \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u044b &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f: \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435 EF Core \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 Dapper \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u044b\u0440\u043e\u0439 ADO.NET \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u044f\u0436\u0435\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430, \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SQLite Error 1: 'no such table: users'<\/code><\/strong> \u0441 in-memory \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0439 &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435: \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">:memory:<\/code> \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><strong><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">InvalidCastException<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">(long)cmd.ExecuteScalar()<\/code><\/strong> &#8212; \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NULL<\/code> (\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0448\u0435\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">DBNull.Value<\/code>, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">MAX(id)<\/code> \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0435) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 (\u0432 SQL Server <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">COUNT(*)<\/code> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">int<\/code>).<\/li>\n<li><strong><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NullReferenceException<\/code> \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0436\u0435<\/strong> &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ExecuteScalar()<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">null<\/code>. \u041d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cmd.ExecuteScalar() is long n ? n : 0<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f SQL Server \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430<\/strong> &#8212; \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Microsoft.Data.SqlClient<\/code> \u0448\u0438\u0444\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 SSMS, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435, \u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>SQL \u0432 C# \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438: C# \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 ADO.NET \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 ADO.NET: \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 -&gt; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 -&gt; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ExecuteNonQuery<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ExecuteScalar<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ExecuteReader<\/code> \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434 &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438; \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0435\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 SQL-\u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>Dapper &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 SQL \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443, EF Core &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438 \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438; \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 ADO.NET.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0439 &#8212; \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e C#-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430: \u0432\u0435\u0431-API \u043d\u0430 ASP.NET Core, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430: \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">async<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">await<\/code>, LINQ. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/c-sharp-basic\/?int_article=c-i-sql-zaprosy-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">C#-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/a>. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=c-i-sql-zaprosy-chto-nuzhno-znat-programmistu&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s12\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c SQL, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c EF Core?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430. EF Core \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 SQL, \u043d\u043e \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c SQL \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442: \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e. \u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0443\u043b.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Microsoft.Data.SqlClient<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">System.Data.SqlClient<\/code>?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u042d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f SQL Server \u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0435: \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0432 legacy-\u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>SQL \u0432 C# \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435: \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0436\u0438. \u0421\u0430\u043c C# \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0421\u0423\u0411\u0414 &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0430 SQL \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440), \u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b C#. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c: \u00ab\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439\u00bb ADO.NET, \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e-ORM Dapper \u0438 ORM Entity Framework Core, \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":1952,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[81,38],"class_list":["post-1951","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-c-2","tag-sql"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c C#-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0443 SQL \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430: SqlConnection \u0438 SqlCommand, \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 SQL-\u0438\u043d\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, Dapper \u0438 EF Core - \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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