{"id":1783,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=1783"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:31:34","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:31:34","slug":"ios-razrabotka-kak-nachat-kareru","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/ios-razrabotka-kak-nachat-kareru\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c iOS-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c: \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>iOS-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a<\/strong> (\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 &#8212; \u00ab\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0441-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u00bb) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f iPhone \u0438 iPad: \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Swift \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 Xcode \u043d\u0430 Mac, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432 App Store. \u0427\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430: \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440, \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 Android-\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433\u0438, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u0427\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f iOS-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438 Mac<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430: \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 JSON<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430: \u0440\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0430\u0439\u043e\u0441-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435, \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438 Mac, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0410\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 &#8212; Xcode 27 \u0441\u043e Swift 6.4 \u0438 iOS 27 (\u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0438 14-15 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044f); \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 Swift 6.3.2 \u043f\u043e\u0434 macOS \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 6.4.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u0427\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f iOS-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a: \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0430, \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434 &#8212; \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 API. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 (\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a, \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442), \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430, \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043e \u0441\u0431\u043e\u044f\u0445 (crash reports) \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439;<\/li>\n<li>\u043a\u043e\u0434-\u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u0433;<\/li>\n<li>\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439 iOS: \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0441\u0435\u043d\u044c Apple \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0430\u043f\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c;<\/li>\n<li>\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a, TestFlight, \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044e App Store.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442: \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0445, \u043c\u0430\u0440\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043f\u043b\u0435\u0439\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043b, \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0430, \u043c\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043f\u044b, \u0430\u0443\u0442\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0441-\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0438. \u0427\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c, \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0443\u0434\u0438\u0438 &#8212; \u0437\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0442\u043e<\/h2>\n<p>\u041d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0438\u0445:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u0417\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0443<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Swift<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>SwiftUI<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0435\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>UIKit<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0438\u043c\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>Xcode<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 (IDE) Apple<\/td>\n<td>\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0447\u0438\u043a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>iOS SDK<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td><strong>App Store Connect \/ TestFlight<\/strong><\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044b \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0431\u0435\u0442\u0430-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>Objective-C &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0438\u043a Swift. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e, \u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 SwiftUI \u0438 UIKit \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0435 <a href=\"\/journal\/programmirovanie-dlya-ios-chto-nuzhno-znat\/\">iOS-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445: \u0441 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/a>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0436\u0434\u0443\u0442 Git, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044e (URLSession, async\/await, JSON), \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 (UserDefaults, SwiftData \u0438\u043b\u0438 Core Data), \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b (MVVM \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433) \u0438 \u044e\u043d\u0438\u0442-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b. \u0427\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0430\u043d\u0433\u043b\u0438\u0439\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c &#8212; \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f Apple \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0441\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438 Mac<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f iOS-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0441 macOS: Xcode \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 Xcode \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043b\u044f iPhone. Swift \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0441\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f Linux \u0438 Windows, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c iOS-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0435:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Mac \u043d\u0430 Apple silicon<\/strong> (\u0447\u0438\u043f\u044b M-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0438) &#8212; \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0435: macOS 27 (\u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2026) \u043d\u0430 Mac \u0441 Intel \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/strong> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0444\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442 16 \u0413\u0411: Xcode, \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0438 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0435 Mac \u043d\u0430 Intel<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442. Xcode 27 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 macOS Tahoe 26.6 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f Xcode \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0443 macOS, \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 Xcode \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 Mac<\/strong> (\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b) &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>iPhone \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d: \u0432 Xcode \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440. \u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0443\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430: \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e<\/h2>\n<p>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u0432\u044b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c Swift\u00bb, \u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u044b\u0434\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438. \u0427\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f: \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044e. \u041e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f\u0445 &#8212; \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u044b, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438.<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b Swift.<\/strong> \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b, \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442: \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0432 Playground.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 SwiftUI.<\/strong> \u0421\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b. \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442: \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0434\u0435\u043b \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445-\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435.<\/strong> \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043a \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 API, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 JSON \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Codable, async\/await, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f \u00ab\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \/ \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \/ \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u00bb. \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0425\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430.<\/strong> \u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e MVVM, \u044e\u043d\u0438\u0442-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442: \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043e\u0444\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d-\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Git \u0438 \u043e\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u0420\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432, README \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u044f\u0442\u043e. \u0410\u0440\u0442\u0435\u0444\u0430\u043a\u0442: \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442.<\/strong> \u0414\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a\u043e\u0432: \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0435\u043a \u0441 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0412\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u044b\u043d\u043e\u043a.<\/strong> \u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 App Store \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430: \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e Apple Developer Program. \u0420\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 JSON<\/h2>\n<p>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0436\u0443\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443: \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e. \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 (\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">swift vacancies.swift<\/code> \u043d\u0430 Mac \u0441 Xcode \u0438\u043b\u0438 Command Line Tools):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Foundation<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">struct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Vacancy<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Decodable<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">String<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">String<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">remote<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Bool<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">json<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">[<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">  {<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">Junior iOS Developer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\u0411\u0430\u043d\u043a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">remote<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">: true},<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">  {<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">iOS Developer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\u0420\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">remote<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">: false}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: .<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">utf8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">do<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">vacancies<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">JSONDecoder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">().<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decode<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">([<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Vacancy<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">].<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">json<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">in<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">vacancies<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">where<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">remote<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">) - \\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e: \\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">vacancies<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">} <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430: \\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">error<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">Junior iOS Developer - \u0411\u0430\u043d\u043a\n\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e: 2\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Decodable<\/code> \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u043d\u0435\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">JSONDecoder<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438 JSON \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432. <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">try<\/code> \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">do\/catch<\/code> \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430.<\/strong> \u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">remote<\/code>, \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Foundation<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">struct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Vacancy<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Decodable<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">String<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">String<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">remote<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Bool<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">json<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"\"<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">[<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">  {<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">Junior iOS Developer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\u0411\u0430\u043d\u043a<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">remote<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">: true},<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">  {<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">iOS Developer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\u0420\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043b<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">}<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">using<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: .<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">utf8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">do<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">vacancies<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">JSONDecoder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">().<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decode<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">([<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Vacancy<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">].<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">json<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e: \\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">vacancies<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">count<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">} <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DecodingError<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">keyNotFound<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">context<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f '\\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stringValue<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">)' \u0432 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">context<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">codingPath<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">map<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\\.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stringValue<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">))\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">} <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430: \\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">error<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 &#8212; \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0431\u044b\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u041d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f &#x27;remote&#x27; \u0432 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 [&quot;Index 1&quot;]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><strong>\u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">null<\/code> \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e-\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0445:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Foundation<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">struct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Vacancy<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Decodable<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">String<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">String<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">remote<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Bool<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">enum<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">CodingKeys<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CodingKey<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">case<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">remote<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">init<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decoder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Decoder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">throws<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decoder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">container<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">keyedBy<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">CodingKeys<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decode<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">forKey<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: .<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decode<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">forKey<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: .<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u041d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f - \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442; \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f - \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">remote<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decodeIfPresent<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">Bool<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">forKey<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: .<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">remote<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) ?? <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">false<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">func<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">parse<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">_<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">String<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">do<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">list<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">try<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">JSONDecoder<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">().<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">decode<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">([<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Vacancy<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">].<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">self<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">from<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">: <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Data<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">text<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">utf8<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"ok:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">list<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">map<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">), remote=\\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">remote<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> })<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    } <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DecodingError<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">keyNotFound<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">_<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e: \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">key<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stringValue<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    } <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DecodingError<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">valueNotFound<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">_<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ctx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e: null \u0432 \\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ctx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">codingPath<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">last<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">?.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stringValue<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> ?? <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"?\")\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    } <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">DecodingError<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">typeMismatch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">_<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ctx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e: \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0432 \\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ctx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">codingPath<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">last<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">?.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stringValue<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> ?? <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\")\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    } <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">catch<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e: \\(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">error<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">parse<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(#<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"[{\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\": \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">iOS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Developer<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\", \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\": \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\u0420\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043b<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"}]\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">#)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">parse<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(#<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"[{\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\": \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">iOS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Developer<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\", \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\": \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\u0420\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043b<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\", \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">remote<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\": \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">yes<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"}]\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">#)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">parse<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(#<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"[{\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\": null, \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">company<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\": \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">\u0420\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043b<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"}]\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">#)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">parse<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(#<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"{\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">title<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\": \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">iOS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">Developer<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"}\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">#)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">parse<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"[]\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">ok: [&quot;iOS Developer, remote=false&quot;]\n\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e: \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0432 remote\n\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e: null \u0432 title\n\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043e: \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\nok: []\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">decodeIfPresent<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">false<\/code> \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\"remote\": null<\/code> (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f, \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">null<\/code> \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0443 \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u0442\u00bb. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u00ab\u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u043c\u00bb \u0438 \u00ab\u043d\u0435\u0442\u00bb &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Bool?<\/code>). \u041d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430: \u0440\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435 \u0434\u0436\u0443\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e: \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u043e \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435 (\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0438, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u043c). \u041a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044b &#8212; \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443: README \u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044b. \u041b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432, \u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u0430 junior-\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430. \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">struct<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">PointS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">final<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">class<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">PointC<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">PointS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">var<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">PointC<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">let<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> = <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">10<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"struct:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"class:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">c2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">x<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">struct: 0 10\nclass: 10 10\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 &#8212; \u0442\u0438\u043f-\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e. \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 &#8212; \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f: \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u0437\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e (ARC, \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044b \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">weak<\/code>), \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430, \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432 SwiftUI.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0434\u0443\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b Swift, \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Junior<\/td>\n<td>\u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0443 \u0438 API<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c, Git, \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Middle<\/td>\n<td>\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0440\u0435\u0432\u044c\u044e \u0447\u0443\u0436\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>Senior<\/td>\n<td>\u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e, \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0438. \u0410\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043b\u044b\u0445 \u043b\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0417\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e.<\/strong> \u0412\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0443 2 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435: \u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u00bb \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c.<\/strong> \u0423\u0440\u0435\u0436\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041d\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0437\u044e\u043c\u0435.<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 README \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0448\u043e\u0442\u044b. \u041e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0447\u0442\u043e \u044f \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u0441\u0430\u043c\u00bb \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0439.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435.<\/strong> \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c; \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u043b\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0443\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0410\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 Xcode \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 macOS \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 Xcode; \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u043c Mac \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>iOS-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f iPhone \u0438 iPad; \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b &#8212; \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b, \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435.<\/li>\n<li>\u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430: Swift, SwiftUI (\u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 UIKit), Xcode; \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 &#8212; Git, Codable \u0438 async\/await, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, MVVM, \u044e\u043d\u0438\u0442-\u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b.<\/li>\n<li>Mac \u0441 macOS \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 iOS-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438; iPhone \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440.<\/li>\n<li>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a.<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a \u0441\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0448\u0430\u0433\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b &#8212; \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 SwiftUI, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 JSON, \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 iOS-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u043d\u043a\u0435, \u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043b\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430\u043f\u0435. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/basic-ios\/?int_article=ios-razrabotka-kak-nachat-kareru&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">IOS-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/a>. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=ios-razrabotka-kak-nachat-kareru&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c iOS-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430, \u0434\u0438\u043f\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0432 \u0432\u0430\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e; \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0444\u043e\u043b\u0438\u043e, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0421\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438 iOS, \u0438 Android?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 (Flutter, React Native, Kotlin Multiplatform) &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c Apple, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435\u0442. \u0411\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e Apple ID \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f Xcode, \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u043c iPhone (\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 7 \u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0437 Xcode); \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 Apple Developer Program \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f TestFlight \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0432 App Store, \u0443\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044b.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>iOS-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a (\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438 &#8212; \u00ab\u0430\u0439\u043e\u0441-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u00bb) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f iPhone \u0438 iPad: \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 Swift \u0432 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435 Xcode \u043d\u0430 Mac, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u0438 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0438 \u043a \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u0432 App Store. \u0427\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043d \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0430: \u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440, 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