{"id":1353,"date":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=1353"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:35:24","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:35:24","slug":"testy-po-js-na-sobesedovaniyah-v-google","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/testy-po-js-na-sobesedovaniyah-v-google\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u043e JavaScript \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u041a\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u043f\u043e JavaScript<\/strong> — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430: \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f this<\/code>, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447. \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044f\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044c\u044e, \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0432 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445: \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u0434, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 1. setTimeout \u0432 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0435 \u0441 var<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 2. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (hoisting)<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 3. \u0427\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d this<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 4. == \u0438\u043b\u0438 ===<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 5. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430: event loop<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 6. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b\u0441\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0432 Google\u00bb: \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442. \u041d\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0437\u0434\u0435. \u0412\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d \u0432 Node.js 24 LTS (v24.21.0) 23.09.2026; \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u043a — \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0430 V8 (Node.js \u0438 Chrome), \u0432 Firefox \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n

    \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u0438\u0437 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044c\u044e:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0445, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0448\u044c.<\/li>\n
    2. \u041d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c, \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n
    3. \u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0441\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u00ab\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d.<\/li>\n
    4. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043b \u0431\u044b \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 1. setTimeout \u0432 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0435 \u0441 var<\/h2>\n

      \u0423\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0435: \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043c\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0432\u0443 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 3 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u044b. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434?<\/p>\n

      const<\/span> <\/span>arr<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> [<\/span>10<\/span>, <\/span>12<\/span>, <\/span>15<\/span>, <\/span>21<\/span>];<\/span>\nfor<\/span> (<\/span>var<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>; <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span><<\/span> <\/span>arr<\/span>.<\/span>length<\/span>; <\/span>i<\/span>++<\/span>) {<\/span>\n  <\/span>setTimeout<\/span>(<\/span>function<\/span> () {<\/span>\n    <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'Index: '<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>', element: '<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>arr<\/span>[<\/span>i<\/span>]);<\/span>\n  }, <\/span>3000<\/span>);<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 3 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438:<\/p>\n
      Index: 4, element: undefined\nIndex: 4, element: undefined\nIndex: 4, element: undefined\nIndex: 4, element: undefined\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0442\u0430\u043a: var<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e i<\/code> \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442), \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e. \u041a\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a\u0438 setTimeout<\/code> — \u0437\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043a\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/strong>: \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e. \u0426\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, i<\/code> \u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0430 4, \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 3 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443 \u0438 \u0442\u0443 \u0436\u0435 i = 4<\/code>. \u042d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 arr[4]<\/code> \u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 undefined<\/code>.<\/p>\n
      \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u043c, — let<\/code>. \u0423 let<\/code> \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 for<\/code> \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0443\u044e \u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043c\u044b\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e:<\/p>\n
      const<\/span> <\/span>arr<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> [<\/span>10<\/span>, <\/span>12<\/span>, <\/span>15<\/span>, <\/span>21<\/span>];<\/span>\nfor<\/span> (<\/span>let<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>; <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span><<\/span> <\/span>arr<\/span>.<\/span>length<\/span>; <\/span>i<\/span>++<\/span>) {<\/span>\n  <\/span>setTimeout<\/span>(<\/span>function<\/span> () {<\/span>\n    <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'Index: '<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>', element: '<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>arr<\/span>[<\/span>i<\/span>]);<\/span>\n  }, <\/span>3000<\/span>);<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
      Index: 0, element: 10\nIndex: 1, element: 12\nIndex: 2, element: 15\nIndex: 3, element: 21\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 — \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c: setTimeout<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0441 var<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e i<\/code> \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430 setTimeout<\/code>:<\/p>\n
      const<\/span> <\/span>arr<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> [<\/span>10<\/span>, <\/span>12<\/span>, <\/span>15<\/span>, <\/span>21<\/span>];<\/span>\nfor<\/span> (<\/span>var<\/span> <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>; <\/span>i<\/span> <\/span><<\/span> <\/span>arr<\/span>.<\/span>length<\/span>; <\/span>i<\/span>++<\/span>) {<\/span>\n  <\/span>setTimeout<\/span>(<\/span>function<\/span> (<\/span>index<\/span>) {<\/span>\n    <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'Index: '<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>index<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>', element: '<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>arr<\/span>[<\/span>index<\/span>]);<\/span>\n  }, <\/span>3000<\/span>, <\/span>i<\/span>);<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0441 let<\/code>. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: \u00ab\u0410 \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0430 3 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f?\u00bb \u0422\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430: 3000 * (index + 1)<\/code>. \u0412 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n
      \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 2. \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (hoisting)<\/h2>\n
      console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>typeof<\/span> <\/span>hello<\/span>);<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>a<\/span>);<\/span>\nvar<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>1<\/span>;<\/span>\n\nfunction<\/span> <\/span>hello<\/span>() {<\/span>\n  <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>'hi'<\/span>;<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\ntry<\/span> {<\/span>\n  <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>b<\/span>);<\/span>\n} <\/span>catch<\/span> (<\/span>e<\/span>) {<\/span>\n  <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>e<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>': '<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>e<\/span>.<\/span>message<\/span>);<\/span>\n}<\/span>\nlet<\/span> <\/span>b<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>2<\/span>;<\/span>\n\ntry<\/span> {<\/span>\n  <\/span>sayHi<\/span>();<\/span>\n} <\/span>catch<\/span> (<\/span>e<\/span>) {<\/span>\n  <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>e<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>': '<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>e<\/span>.<\/span>message<\/span>);<\/span>\n}<\/span>\nvar<\/span> <\/span>sayHi<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> () {<\/span>\n  <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>'hi'<\/span>;<\/span>\n};<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
      function\nundefined\nReferenceError: Cannot access 'b' before initialization\nTypeError: sayHi is not a function\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u041f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 (hoisting)<\/strong> — \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u0427\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044c\u044e:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u041e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      function hello() {}<\/code><\/td>\n\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c<\/td>\n\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      var a = 1<\/code><\/td>\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\nundefined<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      let b<\/code> \/ const b<\/code><\/td>\n\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u0432 \u00ab\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u0440\u0442\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435\u00bb<\/td>\nReferenceError<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      var sayHi = function () {}<\/code><\/td>\n\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f sayHi<\/code><\/td>\nundefined<\/code>, \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 TypeError<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      \u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0443\u043b\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u00ablet \u0438 const \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f\u00bb \u043d\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430: \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u044b\u043b\u043e \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u043d\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f.<\/p>\n
      \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 3. \u0427\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d this<\/h2>\n
      'use strict'<\/span>;<\/span>\n\nconst<\/span> <\/span>user<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> {<\/span>\n  <\/span>name<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>'\u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430'<\/span>,<\/span>\n  <\/span>greet<\/span>() {<\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>'\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, '<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span>;<\/span>\n  },<\/span>\n};<\/span>\n\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>user<\/span>.<\/span>greet<\/span>());<\/span>\n\nconst<\/span> <\/span>greet<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>user<\/span>.<\/span>greet<\/span>;<\/span>\ntry<\/span> {<\/span>\n  <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>greet<\/span>());<\/span>\n} <\/span>catch<\/span> (<\/span>e<\/span>) {<\/span>\n  <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>e<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>': '<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>e<\/span>.<\/span>message<\/span>);<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\nconst<\/span> <\/span>bound<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>user<\/span>.<\/span>greet<\/span>.<\/span>bind<\/span>(<\/span>user<\/span>);<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>bound<\/span>());<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430\nTypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'name')\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u0410\u043d\u043d\u0430\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439: this<\/code> \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430<\/strong>, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. user.greet()<\/code> — \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430, this = user<\/code>. greet()<\/code> — \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438, \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 this = undefined<\/code>. \u0411\u0435\u0437 'use strict'<\/code> \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b (\u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 this<\/code> \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442 window<\/code>), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e. \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 ES \u0438 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430.<\/p>\n
      \u041e\u0442\u0441\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c user.greet<\/code> \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432 setTimeout<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u044f — \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u00ab\u043e\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f\u00bb \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: bind<\/code>, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435, \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0430-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430 () => user.greet()<\/code>.<\/p>\n
      \u0412\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u043e this<\/code> — \u043f\u0440\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438. \u0423 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e this<\/code>, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n
      'use strict'<\/span>;<\/span>\n\nconst<\/span> <\/span>counter<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> {<\/span>\n  <\/span>count<\/span>:<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>,<\/span>\n  <\/span>incBroken<\/span>() {<\/span>\n    [<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>].<\/span>forEach<\/span>(<\/span>function<\/span> () {<\/span>\n      <\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>count<\/span>++<\/span>;<\/span>\n    });<\/span>\n  },<\/span>\n  <\/span>inc<\/span>() {<\/span>\n    [<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>].<\/span>forEach<\/span>(() => {<\/span>\n      <\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>count<\/span>++<\/span>;<\/span>\n    });<\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>this<\/span>.<\/span>count<\/span>;<\/span>\n  },<\/span>\n};<\/span>\n\ntry<\/span> {<\/span>\n  <\/span>counter<\/span>.<\/span>incBroken<\/span>();<\/span>\n} <\/span>catch<\/span> (<\/span>e<\/span>) {<\/span>\n  <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>e<\/span>.<\/span>name<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>': '<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>e<\/span>.<\/span>message<\/span>);<\/span>\n}<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>counter<\/span>.<\/span>inc<\/span>());<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
      TypeError: Cannot read properties of undefined (reading 'count')\n3\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0430: \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u043e\u0439 (greet: () => this.name<\/code>), \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432 this<\/code>. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432 — \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n
      \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 4. == \u0438\u043b\u0438 ===<\/h2>\n
      console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>''<\/span>);           <\/span>\/\/ true<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'0'<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>false<\/span>);      <\/span>\/\/ true<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>([] <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>false<\/span>);       <\/span>\/\/ true<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>null<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>undefined<\/span>); <\/span>\/\/ true<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>null<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>);         <\/span>\/\/ false<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>NaN<\/span> <\/span>==<\/span> <\/span>NaN<\/span>);        <\/span>\/\/ false<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span> <\/span>===<\/span> <\/span>''<\/span>);          <\/span>\/\/ false<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>Number<\/span>.<\/span>isNaN<\/span>(<\/span>NaN<\/span>), <\/span>Object<\/span>.<\/span>is<\/span>(<\/span>NaN<\/span>, <\/span>NaN<\/span>)); <\/span>\/\/ true true<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>Object<\/span>.<\/span>is<\/span>(<\/span>0<\/span>, <\/span>-<\/span>0<\/span>), <\/span>0<\/span> <\/span>===<\/span> <\/span>-<\/span>0<\/span>);             <\/span>\/\/ false true<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
      \u041e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440<\/th>\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u044b<\/th>\nNaN \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d NaN<\/th>\n0 \u0438 -0<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
      ==<\/code> (\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435)<\/td>\n\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      ===<\/code> (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0435)<\/td>\n\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
      Object.is<\/code><\/td>\n\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n
      [] == false<\/code> \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 true<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0443: false<\/code> -> 0, []<\/code> -> ''<\/code> -> 0. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c null<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438 ==<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e undefined<\/code> (\u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 null == 0<\/code> — false<\/code>. \u041f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044c\u044e: \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e ===<\/code>; x == null<\/code> \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0443 \u00abnull<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 undefined<\/code>\u00bb, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e.<\/p>\n
      \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 5. \u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430: event loop<\/h2>\n
      console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'1: \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434'<\/span>);<\/span>\n\nsetTimeout<\/span>(() => <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'2: setTimeout 0'<\/span>), <\/span>0<\/span>);<\/span>\n\nPromise<\/span>.<\/span>resolve<\/span>().<\/span>then<\/span>(() => <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'3: then'<\/span>));<\/span>\n\nqueueMicrotask<\/span>(() => <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'4: queueMicrotask'<\/span>));<\/span>\n\n(<\/span>async<\/span> () => {<\/span>\n  <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'5: async \u0434\u043e await'<\/span>);<\/span>\n  <\/span>await<\/span> <\/span>null<\/span>;<\/span>\n  <\/span>console<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'6: async \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 await'<\/span>);<\/span>\n})();<\/span>\n\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>'7: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430'<\/span>);<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
      1: \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434\n5: async \u0434\u043e await\n7: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0435\u0446 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430\n3: then\n4: queueMicrotask\n6: async \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 await\n2: setTimeout 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
      \u0423\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447:<\/p>\n
        \n
      1. \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434. \u0422\u0435\u043b\u043e async<\/code>-\u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e await<\/code> — \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 5 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 7.<\/li>\n
      2. \u0417\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447<\/strong> \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0430: \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a\u0438 then<\/code>, queueMicrotask<\/code>, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043b\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 await<\/code> — \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438.<\/li>\n
      3. \u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e — \u043c\u0430\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/strong> \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0434\u0430\u0436\u0435 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 0.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
        \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438: \u0432 Node.js \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0449\u0435 process.nextTick<\/code>. \u0412 CommonJS-\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043b\u0431\u044d\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0432 ES-\u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435 (.mjs<\/code>, \"type\": \"module\"<\/code>) — \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0438\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438. \u041a\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0443 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439 Node.js \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0444\u0430\u0437 (\u0442\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434-\u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434, setImmediate<\/code>). \u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a setTimeout(..., 0)<\/code> \u0438 setImmediate<\/code> \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435 Node.js \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d. \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 \u0443 setTimeout<\/code> — \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f.<\/p>\n
        \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 6. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n
        \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> — \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438): sum(1, 2, 3)<\/code> -> sum(1)(2)(3)<\/code>. \u0411\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0435 — \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u041a\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c, \u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438.<\/p>\n
        \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430: \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c curry(fn)<\/code>, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n
        function<\/span> <\/span>curry<\/span>(<\/span>fn<\/span>) {<\/span>\n  <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>function<\/span> <\/span>curried<\/span>(...<\/span>args<\/span>) {<\/span>\n    <\/span>if<\/span> (<\/span>args<\/span>.<\/span>length<\/span> <\/span>>=<\/span> <\/span>fn<\/span>.<\/span>length<\/span>) {<\/span>\n      <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>fn<\/span>.<\/span>apply<\/span>(<\/span>this<\/span>, <\/span>args<\/span>);<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n    <\/span>return<\/span> (...<\/span>more<\/span>) => <\/span>curried<\/span>.<\/span>apply<\/span>(<\/span>this<\/span>, [...<\/span>args<\/span>, ...<\/span>more<\/span>]);<\/span>\n  };<\/span>\n}<\/span>\n\nconst<\/span> <\/span>sum3<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>curry<\/span>((<\/span>a<\/span>, <\/span>b<\/span>, <\/span>c<\/span>) => <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>b<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span>);<\/span>\n\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>sum3<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)(<\/span>2<\/span>)(<\/span>3<\/span>));   <\/span>\/\/ 6<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>sum3<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>)(<\/span>3<\/span>));   <\/span>\/\/ 6<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>sum3<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>)(<\/span>2<\/span>, <\/span>3<\/span>));   <\/span>\/\/ 6<\/span>\n\nconst<\/span> <\/span>add10<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>sum3<\/span>(<\/span>10<\/span>);       <\/span>\/\/ \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>add10<\/span>(<\/span>5<\/span>)(<\/span>1<\/span>));     <\/span>\/\/ 16<\/span>\n\nconst<\/span> <\/span>sumAll<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>curry<\/span>((...<\/span>nums<\/span>) => <\/span>nums<\/span>.<\/span>reduce<\/span>((<\/span>s<\/span>, <\/span>n<\/span>) => <\/span>s<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>n<\/span>, <\/span>0<\/span>));<\/span>\nconsole<\/span>.<\/span>log<\/span>(<\/span>sumAll<\/span>(<\/span>1<\/span>));       <\/span>\/\/ 1 - \u0432\u044b\u0437\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
        \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440: curried<\/code> \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0442 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435, \u0447\u0435\u043c fn.length<\/code> (\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432), \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: fn.length<\/code> \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u044b \u0434\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u043b\u0438 ...rest<\/code> (\u0443 (a, b = 1, c) => {}<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 1), \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f sumAll<\/code> \u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 0 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044c\u044e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442 \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0432 Function.prototype<\/code> \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442: \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432 \u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n
        \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044c\u044e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0448\u0435\u043b\u0441\u044f<\/h2>\n