{"id":11180,"date":"2026-09-02T14:48:29","date_gmt":"2026-09-02T14:48:29","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=11180"},"modified":"2026-09-10T07:25:17","modified_gmt":"2026-09-10T07:25:17","slug":"fajly-i-papki-v-informacionnyh-tehnologiyah-opredeleniya-osnovnye-dejstviya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/fajly-i-papki-v-informacionnyh-tehnologiyah-opredeleniya-osnovnye-dejstviya\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430: \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c: \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430). <strong>\u041f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430<\/strong> (\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432 Windows \u0438 Linux, \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043c\u044b\u0448\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430: \u0432 \u0447\u0451\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443: \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u0410\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u0421\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u042f\u0440\u043b\u044b\u043a \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f: \u0432 \u0447\u0451\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430: \u0432 \u0447\u0451\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430: \u0435\u0451 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u00ab\u0438\u043c\u044f -&gt; \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u00bb (\u0432 ext4 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 inode, \u0432 NTFS &#8212; \u043d\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435 MFT). \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0438 \u0443 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430, \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430 (\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f)<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435: \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0443, \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043a \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c, \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c, \u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u044c<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0415\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">report.docx<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">main.py<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u041d\u0435\u0442 (\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">C:\\Users\\Anna\\Documents\\report.docx<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/home\/anna\/main.py<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">C:\\Users\\Anna\\Documents<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/home\/anna<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u00ab\u041f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430\u00bb (folder) &#8212; \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u00ab\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u00bb \u0438 \u00ab\u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u00bb (directory) &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435. \u041f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438 &#8212; \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f (\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433), \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 &#8212; \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f, \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445\u043d\u044f\u044f &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f: \u0432 Windows <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">C:\\<\/code>, \u0432 Linux \u0438 macOS <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>\u0418\u043c\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438: \u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">photo.jpg<\/code> \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">jpg<\/code>, \u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">archive.tar.gz<\/code> &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">gz<\/code>. \u0414\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043e\u0439: 255 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0432 NTFS \u0438 255 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0432 ext4 (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0438\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0432 UTF-8 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 127 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0430.<\/strong> \u041e\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0438 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">photo.jpg<\/code>, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">photo.png<\/code>, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f JPEG, \u0438 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0442. \u0412 Linux \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">file photo.png<\/code> \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">JPEG image data<\/code>. \u0412 Windows \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0449\u0435\u043b\u0447\u043a\u0443, \u0438 \u0432 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e &#8212; \u0441\u043c. \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b \u043f\u0440\u043e \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438.<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0442\u044b\u043a\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440.<\/strong> \u0412 Linux <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Report.txt<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">report.txt<\/code> &#8212; \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0435. \u0412 Windows \u043d\u0430 NTFS \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f: \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">REPORT.TXT<\/code> \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b. macOS \u043d\u0430 APFS \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0451\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a Windows.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0451\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044b.<\/strong> \u0412 Windows \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\\ \/ : * ? \" &lt; &gt; |<\/code>, \u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">CON<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">PRN<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">NUL<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">COM1<\/code>&#8212;<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">COM9<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LPT1<\/code>&#8212;<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LPT9<\/code> \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430. \u0412 Linux \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/<\/code> \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443: \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong> &#8212; \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043a. <strong>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/strong> \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430. <strong>\u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/strong> \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.<\/code> \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0443, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">..<\/code> &#8212; \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>Windows<\/th>\n<th>Linux, macOS<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0448 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\\<\/code> (\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/<\/code> \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f)<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0448 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u0411\u0443\u043a\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">C:\\<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">D:\\<\/code><\/td>\n<td>\u0415\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/<\/code>, \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0410\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">C:\\Users\\Anna\\Documents\\report.docx<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/home\/anna\/Documents\/report.docx<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c (\u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Documents<\/code>)<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">report.docx<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">..\\Downloads\\photo.jpg<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">report.docx<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">..\/Downloads\/photo.jpg<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0412 Windows \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d 260 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 (\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">MAX_PATH<\/code>): \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u043e\u043a\u043e \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0443\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0443 \u00ab\u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb. \u041b\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">LongPathsEnabled<\/code> (Windows 10 1607 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0435) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043a \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430. \u0412 Linux \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442 &#8212; 4096 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u0410\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0410\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u044b<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0438. \u0412 Windows \u044d\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u0422\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u00bb, \u00ab\u0421\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439\u00bb, \u00ab\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb, \u00ab\u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439\u00bb &#8212; \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">attrib<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430<\/strong> \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0438 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043c. \u0412 Linux \u0438 macOS \u0443 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 &#8212; \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r<\/code>, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">w<\/code>, \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">x<\/code> &#8212; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430, \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445. \u0421\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">-rwxr-xr--<\/code> \u0432 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ls -l<\/code> \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442: \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442; \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">chmod<\/code>. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0431\u0443\u043a\u0432\u044b \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r<\/code> &#8212; \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">w<\/code> &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">x<\/code> &#8212; \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0443 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435. \u041f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">r<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">x<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 Windows \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 NTFS (ACL): \u0432\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u00ab\u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u00bb \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">icacls<\/code>. \u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0433\u0438\u0431\u0447\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0438\u0434\u0435\u044f \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435: \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0446, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u0421\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 Linux \u0438 macOS \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0451, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.bashrc<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.git<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.config<\/code>; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ls<\/code> \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ls -a<\/code> &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u0412 Windows \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c &#8212; \u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">attrib +h secret.txt<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u044f\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dir \/a<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0451; \u0432 \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435 Windows 11 &#8212; \u00ab\u0412\u0438\u0434 -&gt; \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c -&gt; \u0421\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u044d\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b\u00bb. \u0421\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0449\u0438\u0442\u0430: \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0449\u0435\u043b\u0447\u043a\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0451 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c (\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435; \u0441 Ctrl &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f, \u0441 Shift &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441). \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u0438 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e: \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0414\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<th>Windows cmd<\/th>\n<th>Windows PowerShell<\/th>\n<th>Linux, macOS<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dir<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Get-ChildItem<\/code> (\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0430\u0441\u044b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ls<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dir<\/code>)<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ls -l<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0443<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mkdir reports<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">New-Item -ItemType Directory reports<\/code> (\u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mkdir<\/code>)<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mkdir reports<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">type nul &gt; notes.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">New-Item notes.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">touch notes.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">copy a.txt b.txt<\/code>, \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0443 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">xcopy \/e src dst<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Copy-Item a.txt b.txt<\/code>, \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0443 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">-Recurse<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cp a.txt b.txt<\/code>, \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0443 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cp -r src dst<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">move a.txt D:\\<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Move-Item a.txt D:\\<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mv a.txt \/mnt\/d\/<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ren a.txt b.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Rename-Item a.txt b.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mv a.txt b.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">del a.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Remove-Item a.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rm a.txt<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rmdir \/s \/q reports<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Remove-Item reports -Recurse<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rm -r reports<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dir \/s \/b *.pdf<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Get-ChildItem -Recurse -Filter *.pdf<\/code><\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">find ~ -name \"*.pdf\"<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0412 Linux \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mv<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435: \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 Linux:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">mkdir<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>reports<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">                      <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430<\/span>\ntouch<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>reports\/q1.txt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">               <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b<\/span>\ncp<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>reports\/q1.txt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>reports\/q1-copy.txt\nmv<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>reports\/q1-copy.txt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>reports\/q2.txt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">   <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438<\/span>\nls<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>reports\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># q1.txt  q2.txt<\/span>\nrm<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>reports\/q2.txt\nrm<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-r<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>reports<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">                      <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 q1.txt<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 PowerShell \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u044b; \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u0448\u043a\u0430 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Rename-Item reports\\q1-copy.txt q2.txt<\/code> \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u044b Linux (Nautilus, Dolphin) \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0432 \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c. Shift+Delete \u0432 Windows, \u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0436\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">del<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Remove-Item<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rm<\/code> \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443; \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0430\u0445 Windows \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0443. \u0424\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u042f\u0440\u043b\u044b\u043a \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f: \u0432 \u0447\u0451\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b\u043c: \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439, \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0430. <strong>\u042f\u0440\u043b\u044b\u043a<\/strong> &#8212; \u043c\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b-\u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b: \u0432 Windows \u044d\u0442\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.lnk<\/code> (\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u0443\u0433\u043b\u0443 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u043a\u0430), \u0432 Linux \u0438 macOS &#8212; \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ln -s \/path\/to\/original link_name<\/code>). \u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u044f\u0440\u043b\u044b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b, \u0430 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441 \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0433\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0440\u043b\u044b\u043a \u00ab\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b\u043c\u00bb. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044e: \u044f\u0440\u043b\u044b\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/h2>\n<ol>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0414\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">photo.jpg.exe<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">photo.jpg<\/code>, \u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0439\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0449\u0435\u043b\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0441\u044b \u0432\u043e \u0432\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445. \u0420\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u00ab\u0412\u0438\u0434 -&gt; \u041f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c -&gt; \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438\u043c\u0451\u043d \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u00bb).<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u0423\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043a.<\/strong> <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">C:\\Windows<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">C:\\Program Files<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/etc<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/usr<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/bin<\/code> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u00ab\u043c\u0443\u0441\u043e\u0440\u00bb. \u041c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430. \u0412 Linux \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sudo rm -rf ...<\/code> \u0438\u0437 \u0447\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u044f, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b \u0432 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u0435\u043a.<\/strong> \u041e\u0431\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043c, \u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0440\u0433\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">cat<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>My<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>Docs\/report.txt\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># cat: My: No such file or directory<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># cat: Docs\/report.txt: No such file or directory<\/span>\ncat<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"My Docs\/report.txt\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">      <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e: \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0430\u0445<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412 Windows \u0442\u0430\u043a \u0436\u0435: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">copy C:\\My Docs\\report.txt D:\\<\/code> \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0451\u0442, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">copy \"C:\\My Docs\\report.txt\" D:\\<\/code> \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b\u044b \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0432: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">my-docs<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">my_docs<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c; \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430 (\u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433, \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f) &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043a, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0430\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u0439 \u00ab\u0438\u043c\u044f -&gt; \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435\u00bb, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0451 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0435\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e.<\/li>\n<li>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">photo.jpg<\/code> \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">photo.png<\/code> \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442; \u0432 Linux \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0432 Windows \u0438 macOS \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c &#8212; \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043a: \u0430\u0431\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044e\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u044f (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">C:\\<\/code> \u0432 Windows, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/<\/code> \u0432 Linux \u0438 macOS), \u043e\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 &#8212; \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438, \u0433\u0434\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.<\/code> \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0443, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">..<\/code> &#8212; \u0440\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0441\u043a\u0443\u044e.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 \u0432 Linux \u0438 macOS \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rwx<\/code> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0446\u0430, \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u044b \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 (\u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">x<\/code> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043e \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u044c), \u0432 Windows &#8212; \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 NTFS (ACL).<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c &#8212; \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u044b\u0448\u044c\u044e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mkdir<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">copy<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cp<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">move<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">mv<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">del<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rm<\/code>); <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">del<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">rm<\/code> \u0438 Shift+Delete \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443, \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u044f \u041a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0443.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430\u043c\u0438 &#8212; \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442: \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/var\/log<\/code>, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431 &#8212; \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/etc<\/code>, \u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0430\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 Linux, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0445, \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/linux-basic\/?utm_source=oj&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=fajly-papki&amp;utm_content=course\">\u00ab\u0410\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 Linux. \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb \u0432 Otus<\/a>, \u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0436\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435, &#8212; \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?utm_source=oj&amp;utm_medium=article&amp;utm_campaign=fajly-papki&amp;utm_content=events\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/fajlovaya-sistema-pervoe-znakomstvo\/\">\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 &#8212; \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/ntfs-i-fat32-raznica-i-osobennosti\/\">NTFS \u0438 FAT32: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/windows-i-drugie-os-principy-raboty\/\">Windows \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u041e\u0421: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435\u0442, \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e. \u041d\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">report.txt<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">report.pdf<\/code> &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430, \u0430 \u0432 Linux \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Report.txt<\/code> \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">report.txt<\/code>.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0417\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430, \u043d\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e: \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043e \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 (\u0432 ext4 \u044d\u0442\u043e inode \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e, \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0431\u043b\u043e\u043a \u0432 4 \u041a\u0411). \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u00ab0 \u0431\u0430\u0439\u0442\u00bb, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442. Windows \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c; \u0432 Linux <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">file<\/code> \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u044e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043f\u043e \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c: \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430). \u041f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430 (\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":12097,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[209],"class_list":["post-11180","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-computer-science"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.1.1 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0424\u0430\u0439\u043b - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043b\u044b\u043c: \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430). \u041f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0430 (\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f) - \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043a \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 - \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. Pavlenko\"\/>\n\t<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/fajly-i-papki-v-informacionnyh-tehnologiyah-opredeleniya-osnovnye-dejstviya\/\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"generator\" content=\"All in One SEO (AIOSEO) 5.0.1.1\" \/>\n\t\t<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"aioseo-schema\">\n\t\t\t{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/otus.ru\\\/journal\\\/fajly-i-papki-v-informacionnyh-tehnologiyah-opredeleniya-osnovnye-dejstviya\\\/#article\",\"name\":\"\\u0427\\u0442\\u043e \\u0442\\u0430\\u043a\\u043e\\u0435 \\u0444\\u0430\\u0439\\u043b \\u0438 \\u043f\\u0430\\u043f\\u043a\\u0430: \\u043e\\u043f\\u0440\\u0435\\u0434\\u0435\\u043b\\u0435\\u043d\\u0438\\u044f \\u043f\\u0440\\u043e\\u0441\\u0442\\u044b\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0441\\u043b\\u043e\\u0432\\u0430\\u043c\\u0438 \\u0438 \\u043e\\u0441\\u043d\\u043e\\u0432\\u043d\\u044b\\u0435 \\u0434\\u0435\\u0439\\u0441\\u0442\\u0432\\u0438\\u044f 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