{"id":11072,"date":"2026-09-19T05:56:18","date_gmt":"2026-09-19T05:56:18","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=11072"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:43:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:43:09","slug":"ubuntu-opisanie-osobennosti-i-inicializaciya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/ubuntu-opisanie-osobennosti-i-inicializaciya\/","title":{"rendered":"Ubuntu: \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 systemd"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>Ubuntu<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 Linux \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Canonical \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 Debian. Ubuntu \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445: Desktop, Server \u0438 Core (\u0434\u043b\u044f IoT-\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432). \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0435\u043c Ubuntu \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 Debian \u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">Ubuntu, Debian, \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e &#8212; \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0426\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 Ubuntu<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e systemd<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">Ubuntu, Debian, \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e &#8212; \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux<\/strong> &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043c: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c\u044e, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0421\u0430\u043c\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432<\/strong> &#8212; \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u0437 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442, \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439. \u0414\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 Linux &#8212; \u0441\u043e\u0442\u043d\u0438, Ubuntu &#8212; \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Debian<\/strong> &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0439\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b \u0432 1993 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443), \u0438\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c: \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Ubuntu<\/strong> &#8212; \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b Debian (\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0436\u0435 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 .deb \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 APT), \u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u043c \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432, \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u044f: \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e &#8212; \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 &#8212; \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0433\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435, \u0430 Ubuntu \u0438 Debian &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0434\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u0443\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/th>\n<th>Debian<\/th>\n<th>Ubuntu<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e Debian Project<\/td>\n<td>Canonical Ltd. + \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0426\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e<\/td>\n<td>\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0435 6 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 (\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>LTS-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e LTS-\u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443 Ubuntu<\/td>\n<td>\u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 2 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430 5 \u043b\u0435\u0442 (10 &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 Ubuntu Pro)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u00ab\u0438\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043a\u0438\u00bb<\/td>\n<td>\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0426\u0438\u043a\u043b\u044b \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>Ubuntu \u043d\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443 \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0443 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430: \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f 24.04 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u0432 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435 2024 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 (interim) \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u044b \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0435 6 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f 9 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 &#8212; \u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0432 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430, \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 LTS-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f (Long Term Support) \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439 5 \u043b\u0435\u0442; \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0443 Ubuntu Pro (Expanded Security Maintenance) \u0441\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e 10 \u043b\u0435\u0442. \u041d\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u0442\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 (19.09.2026) \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f LTS &#8212; Ubuntu 26.04 LTS (\u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u044f Resolute Raccoon), \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435\u0434\u0448\u0430\u044f 23 \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430. \u041f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044b\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0430\u044f LTS, Ubuntu 24.04 (Noble Numbat, \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c 2024), \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0435 \u0434\u043e \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044f 2029 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0448\u0435\u043d-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e &#8212; \u043c\u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e LTS \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">lsb_release<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-a<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">No LSB modules are available.\nDistributor ID: Ubuntu\nDescription:    Ubuntu 24.04.2 LTS\nRelease:        24.04\nCodename:       noble\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0424\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 &#8212; \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Ubuntu 26.04 LTS<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Codename: resolute<\/code> (\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f LTS).<\/p>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0448\u043d-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e LTS-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e: \u0434\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 Ubuntu<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430.<\/strong> \u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0432.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 APT.<\/strong> \u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">apt<\/code> \u0441 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e.<\/strong> \u041e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0439\u0434\u044b, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u0443\u043c Ask Ubuntu \u0438 Discourse-\u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e Canonical \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0442\u0438 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/strong> \u0423\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044b\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u043e.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u0430.<\/strong> \u0420\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u041f\u041a, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445, \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u043b\u0430\u043a\u0435; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 (\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b, \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 Wi-Fi) \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f: \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e systemd<\/h2>\n<p>\u0418\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0412 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 Ubuntu (\u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 15.04, \u0430\u043f\u0440\u0435\u043b\u044c 2015 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430) \u0437\u0430 \u0444\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 <strong>systemd<\/strong> &#8212; \u043e\u043d \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043b \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044e\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 <strong>Upstart<\/strong>, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e Canonical \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432 Ubuntu \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 6.10 \u043f\u043e 14.10. Upstart \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445, \u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0432 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0448\u0438\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044b (UEFI \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 BIOS) \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0443.<\/li>\n<li>\u0417\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a GRUB \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux \u0438 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437 initramfs, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0445 \u0432 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n<li>\u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0449\u0443\u044e \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443.<\/li>\n<li>\u042f\u0434\u0440\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0441 PID 1 &#8212; \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 Ubuntu \u044d\u0442\u043e systemd (\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/sbin\/init<\/code> &#8212; \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0441\u044b\u043b\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 systemd).<\/li>\n<li>systemd \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 unit-\u044b (\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b, \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b), \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; target.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0434\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0442\u043e\u043f\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">graphical.target<\/code>, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">multi-user.target<\/code>. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0438\u0445 runlevels SysVinit, \u043d\u043e \u0441 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0443\u043c\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0438\u043f unit-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<th>\u0417\u0430 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430<\/td>\n<td>.service<\/td>\n<td>\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0438 \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0444\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0422\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>.mount<\/td>\n<td>\u043c\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>.socket<\/td>\n<td>\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u043c\u0443\/unix-\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0443<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0422\u0430\u0439\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td>.timer<\/td>\n<td>\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a unit-\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e (\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 cron)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0426\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/td>\n<td>.target<\/td>\n<td>\u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0430 unit-\u043e\u0432, \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 (safe, \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">systemctl<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>status<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>ssh\nsystemctl<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>list-units<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>--type<span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span>service<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>--state<span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span>running\njournalctl<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-u<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>ssh<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">20<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442, \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430 ssh \u0438 PID \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0430; \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431; \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044f &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 20 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a \u0435\u0435 \u0436\u0443\u0440\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430. \u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u044b \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u044b (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">start<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">stop<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">enable<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">disable<\/code>), \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0435 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0441\u044c \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 &#8212; \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 SSH \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e SSH, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e unit-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 &#8212; \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0432 \u043b\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043f\u043a\u0435 (\u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">sudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>tee<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>\/etc\/systemd\/system\/hello.service<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">&lt;&lt;'EOF'<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">[Unit]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">Description=\u0414\u0435\u043c\u043e-\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0438 systemd<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">[Service]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">Type=oneshot<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">ExecStart=\/bin\/bash -c 'echo \"Hello from systemd: $(date)\" &gt;&gt; \/tmp\/hello.log'<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">EOF<\/span>\n\nsudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>tee<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>\/etc\/systemd\/system\/hello.timer<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">&lt;&lt;'EOF'<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">[Unit]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">Description=\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c hello.service \u0440\u0430\u0437 \u0432 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0443<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">[Timer]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">OnBootSec=1min<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">OnUnitActiveSec=1min<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">[Install]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">WantedBy=timers.target<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">EOF<\/span>\n\nsudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>systemctl<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>daemon-reload\nsudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>systemctl<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">enable<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>--now<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>hello.timer<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0443 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/tmp\/hello.log<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0441 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">cat \/tmp\/hello.log<\/code>. \u0411\u043b\u043e\u043a\u0438: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">[Unit]<\/code> &#8212; \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">[Service]<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">[Timer]<\/code> &#8212; \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">[Install]<\/code> &#8212; \u043a \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a. \u041e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0435\u043c\u043e: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sudo systemctl disable --now hello.timer<\/code> \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0447\u043a\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c unit-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0443:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">sudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>systemctl<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>start<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>hello.timer<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">Failed to start hello.timer: Unit hello.timer not found.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0431\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sudo<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">daemon-reload<\/code> &#8212; systemd \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u044d\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c unit-\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435, \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043a\u044d\u0448 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sudo systemctl daemon-reload<\/code>, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">start<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 Ubuntu \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0443\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e ISO \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043e\u043a &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">sha256sum<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>ubuntu-26.04-desktop-amd64.iso<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043b\u0435\u0448\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 Rufus (Windows) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u0414\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438\u00bb\/Startup Disk Creator (Linux).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>Ubuntu &#8212; \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 Debian, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e Debian \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e Linux: \u044f\u0434\u0440\u043e &#8212; \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430, \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 &#8212; \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c LTS-\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e: 5 \u043b\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u0438\u0432 9 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u0435\u0432 \u0443 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421 2015 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 (Ubuntu 15.04) \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#8212; systemd; \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 Upstart \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">systemctl status<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">journalctl<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f \u043a \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a Ubuntu \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 systemd, &#8212; \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 DevOps-\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430: \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0448\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 Linux \u043f\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0443 &#8212; \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0438 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0434\u043e systemd, \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#8212; \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/linux-basic\/?int_article=ubuntu-opisanie-osobennosti-i-inicializaciya&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00abLinux Administrator\u00bb<\/a>. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=ubuntu-opisanie-osobennosti-i-inicializaciya&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a> &#8212; \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0435\u043c Ubuntu \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 Debian, \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 Linux Mint?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0423 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439; Mint \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439 Ubuntu, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e Debian.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 Ubuntu \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c Upstart \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e systemd?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442: \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 15.04 Upstart \u0438\u0441\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043e\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0431 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 unit-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b systemd.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, LTS \u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f Ubuntu, \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">hostnamectl<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">lsb_release -a<\/code> \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435: \u0432 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043e \u00abLTS\u00bb, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437 \u0441 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ubuntu &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432 Linux \u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u043c \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f Canonical \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435 Debian. Ubuntu \u0432\u044b\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u0445: Desktop, Server \u0438 Core (\u0434\u043b\u044f IoT-\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432). \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0435\u043c Ubuntu \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 Debian \u0438 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 Linux, \u0435\u0435 \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":11073,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[141,388,334],"class_list":["post-11072","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-linux","tag-ubuntu","tag-sistemnoe-administrirovanie-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 Ubuntu, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 Debian \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 systemd.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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