{"id":10936,"date":"2026-09-20T06:06:58","date_gmt":"2026-09-20T06:06:58","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=10936"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:41:25","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:41:25","slug":"web-server-opisanie-harakteristika-kljuchevye-osobennosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/web-server-opisanie-harakteristika-kljuchevye-osobennosti\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 (\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e 80 \u0434\u043b\u044f HTTP \u0438 443 \u0434\u043b\u044f HTTPS), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b: HTML-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0444\u0442.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433 nginx \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">nginx \u0438 Apache: \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; nginx \u0438 Apache. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2026.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438. \u041a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442 (\u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440) \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442. \u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434.<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 DNS \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 TCP-\u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0434\u043b\u044f HTTPS \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f TLS).<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441: \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GET<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">POST<\/code> \u0438 \u0434\u0440.), \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e.<\/li>\n<li>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430\u043c, \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d.<\/li>\n<li>\u0414\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430: \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u043b\u0438\u0431\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u0436\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442: \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">200 OK<\/code>), \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Content-Type<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">Content-Length<\/code> \u0438 \u0442. \u043f.) \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e.<\/li>\n<li>\u0411\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u0438 \u0442\u0438\u043f \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b (CSS, \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u044b, \u0438\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f).<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u041e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u043a\u0443\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430. \u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0435 (gzip, brotli) \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (keep-alive), \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b<\/h2>\n<p>\u0423 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0446\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0435\u043b\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0418\u0445 \u0432\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c: HTML, CSS, JavaScript, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438, PDF. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0430 \u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0443. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c: \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0447\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c, \u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0435 (\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439) \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0443 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u043b\u0430. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b: \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b. \u0412 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438 (reverse proxy).<\/p>\n<p>\u041d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e (\u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0443 \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f), \u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043a API \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439: \u0432 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/h2>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043c \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440<\/strong> \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 HTTP: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442, \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f TLS, \u0441\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0435\u043c, \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b: nginx, Apache HTTP Server.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/strong> \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442: \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0435\u0441-\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 HTML \u0438\u043b\u0438 JSON. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b: PHP-FPM, Gunicorn \u0438\u043b\u0438 uvicorn \u0434\u043b\u044f Python, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043b\u0435\u0442-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0439\u043d\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 Tomcat \u0434\u043b\u044f Java, \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 Node.js.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0430: \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443, \u0442\u043e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0441\u0430\u043c, \u0430 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 FastCGI \u043d\u0430 PHP-FPM \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e HTTP \u043d\u0430 Gunicorn). \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e: \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0443 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f &#8212; \u043d\u0435\u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0443\u043c\u0435\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u043e, \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0435, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433 nginx \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f nginx: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e, \u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/api\/<\/code> \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443 8000.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">server<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">listen<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">80<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">server_name<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">example.com<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430: nginx \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0441 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">location<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">root<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\/var\/www\/html<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">index<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">index.html<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u041f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435: \/api\/ \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430 127.0.0.1:8000<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">location<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\/api\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">proxy_pass<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">proxy_set_header<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">Host<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$host<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">proxy_set_header<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">X-Real-IP<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">$remote_addr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">nginx<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-t<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">nginx: the configuration file \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf syntax is ok\nnginx: configuration file \/etc\/nginx\/nginx.conf test is successful\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u043f\u0435\u0440\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043a \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">curl<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-i<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>http:\/\/example.com\/<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0432:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">HTTP\/1.1 200 OK\nServer: nginx\nContent-Type: text\/html\nContent-Length: 1024\nConnection: keep-alive\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/api\/<\/code>, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d. nginx \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">curl<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-i<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>http:\/\/example.com\/api\/users<\/code><\/pre>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">HTTP\/1.1 502 Bad Gateway\nServer: nginx\nContent-Type: text\/html\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">502 Bad Gateway<\/code> \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0448\u043b\u043e \u0434\u043e nginx, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0443 8000 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u043b\u043e. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442) \u0438 \u0443\u0431\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f, \u0447\u0442\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">proxy_pass<\/code> \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">nginx \u0438 Apache: \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/h2>\n<p>nginx \u0438 Apache HTTP Server \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438 \u0438 \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438. \u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2026 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 nginx 1.30.x \u0438 Apache HTTP Server 2.4.68.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041a\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/th>\n<th>nginx<\/th>\n<th>Apache HTTP Server<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f (\u043d\u0435\u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432)<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 MPM: prefork, worker, event<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u044c \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u044f, \u044d\u043a\u043e\u043d\u043e\u043c\u043d\u0430 \u043a \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u044f, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 (FastCGI \u043a PHP-FPM, HTTP \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e)<\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0438 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, mod_php) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.htaccess<\/code> &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438, \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a, \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438<\/td>\n<td>\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433, \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445\u043f\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f BSD<\/td>\n<td>Apache License 2.0<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u00bb:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442, \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0430\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0449\u0438\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439 &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 nginx.<\/li>\n<li>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0433\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0430 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.htaccess<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438 (\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0435) &#8212; \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 Apache.<\/li>\n<li>\u041e\u0431\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442: nginx \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0443, \u0430 Apache \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 &#8212; \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0438 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043e\u043d\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n<p>nginx \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d\u0443\u044e (\u0430\u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u043d\u0443\u044e) \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c: \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0446\u0438\u043a\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043c\u044b \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 epoll (Linux). \u041f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 nginx \u0445\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0448\u043e \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p>Apache \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043b\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 (MPM). prefork \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435, worker \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u0430 event (\u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0432 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043a 2.4) \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 Apache \u043a \u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 keep-alive. \u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 MPM \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0430: \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a (\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432, \u043b\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439) \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b; \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b HTTP, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u00ab\u0436\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043e\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li>\u0423 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430: \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430) \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0430); \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e HTTP \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u043a\u0443.<\/li>\n<li>nginx \u0438 Apache \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0445\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u044e \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0439; \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0431\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u00ab\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0448\u0435\u00bb.<\/li>\n<li>\u041c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 (\u0441\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0442\u0438\u0439\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0443 nginx, MPM \u0443 Apache) &#8212; \u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u0435, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0439.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 &#8212; \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u043a\u0442\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432, DevOps-\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432. \u041d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 nginx \u0438\u043b\u0438 Apache, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e, TLS, \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u0430 &#8212; \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0435\u0436\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0430. \u0411\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 Linux, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u044d\u0442\u0438\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/linux-basic\/?int_article=web-server-opisanie-harakteristika-kljuchevye-osobennosti&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">Linux \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0445<\/a>: \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0430, \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=web-server-opisanie-harakteristika-kljuchevye-osobennosti&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u0412 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u043e\u043c?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c. \u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u044b 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\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d, \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u044b \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 502 Bad Gateway?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u044b\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430: \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0443\u043f\u0430\u043b\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u044e\u0442, \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442, \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0440\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a \u043f\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442 (\u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e 80 \u0434\u043b\u044f HTTP \u0438 443 \u0434\u043b\u044f HTTPS), \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u043e\u0442 \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u044b: HTML-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b, \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438, \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u044c\u044e\u0442\u0435\u0440, \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c \u044d\u0442\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0444\u0442. \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u041e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":10937,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[98,66,65,180],"class_list":["post-10936","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-devops","tag-veb-server","tag-programmirovanie","tag-sistemnoe-administrirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438 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