{"id":10921,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=10921"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:24:09","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:24:09","slug":"opengl-harakteristiki-i-osobennosti","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/opengl-harakteristiki-i-osobennosti\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 OpenGL: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440, \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0438\u044f \u043e\u0442 Vulkan"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>OpenGL<\/strong> (Open Graphics Library) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 (API), \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c 2D- \u0438 3D-\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0443. \u0421\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 OpenGL &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442: \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0443\u043c Khronos Group, \u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 GPU \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f &#8212; OpenGL 4.6 (2017).<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u00abOpenGL\u00bb<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440: \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d \u043a \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 OpenGL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430: \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 OpenGL<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">OpenGL \u043d\u0430 macOS<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">OpenGL vs Vulkan, DirectX 12 \u0438 Metal<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 OpenGL \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s11\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 Vulkan, DirectX 12 \u0438 Metal.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u00abOpenGL\u00bb<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043c \u00abOpenGL\u00bb \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0449\u0438:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0421\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442: \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442<\/td>\n<td>OpenGL 4.6 Core Profile<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0420\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 NVIDIA, AMD, Intel, Mesa \u0432 Linux<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442 \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c OpenGL, \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0443<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 SDL, GLFW \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u0435 WGL\/GLX\/EGL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>GLSL<\/td>\n<td>\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 GPU<\/td>\n<td><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">#version 330 core<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u00ab\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c OpenGL\u00bb \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 GPU. \u041b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0438 GNU \u0443 OpenGL \u043d\u0435\u0442: \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442, \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043b\u0438\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 (\u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0435\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435, Mesa &#8212; MIT-\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0430\u044f).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440: \u043e\u0442 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d \u043a \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043c<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0438 (\u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0438 \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0438). \u041f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 GPU \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 <strong>\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u043e\u043c<\/strong> (pipeline). \u0423\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>\u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d.<\/strong> \u041a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b, \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u043d\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u043d\u0430 GPU (VBO), \u0438\u0445 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 VAO.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440<\/strong> \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438, \u043a\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (clip space). \u0412 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f (\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">w<\/code>, viewport).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440<\/strong> (\u043d\u0435\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e) &#8212; \u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u044f\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u044b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0438\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u0435\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f \u0437\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f.<\/strong> \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0424\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440<\/strong> \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430: \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0443\u0440\u044b, \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u0448\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/strong> \u0422\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044b, blending \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0421\u0445\u0435\u043c\u0430 \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0430 (\u0440\u0430\u043d\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u044b \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u0434\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430), \u043d\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0438\u0438 2, 3, 6 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST)<\/code>. \u0412\u043d\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 4.3 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 (compute) \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 OpenGL<\/h2>\n<p>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">glBegin<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">glEnd<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">glVertex3f<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">glLight<\/code>. \u042d\u0442\u043e <strong>\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440<\/strong> (fixed function) OpenGL 1.x-2.x: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c \u0432\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0436\u0438\u043c\u044b, GPU \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u043b \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430\u043c.<\/p>\n<p>\u0412 OpenGL 3.0 (2008) \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u0441 3.2 (2009) \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u044f:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Core profile<\/strong> &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 API: \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u044b, VAO, \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Compatibility profile<\/strong> &#8212; \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435; \u043d\u0430 macOS \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0448\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 2.1.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0414\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 core profile. GLU, GLUT \u0438 GLAUX &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0435: \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044f \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 GLFW \u0438\u043b\u0438 SDL, \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 glad \u0438\u043b\u0438 GLEW, \u043c\u0430\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u0438\u0437 GLM.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430: \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a \u043d\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 C++ \u0441 SDL2: \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 OpenGL 3.3 core, \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a. \u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0437, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ triangle.cpp - \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 OpenGL 3.3 core: \u043e\u043a\u043d\u043e, \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;SDL.h&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">#ifdef __APPLE__<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">#define GL_SILENCE_DEPRECATION<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;OpenGL\/gl3.h&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">#else<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">#define GL_GLEXT_PROTOTYPES<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;GL\/gl.h&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">  <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;GL\/glext.h&gt;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">#endif<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">#include<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">&lt;cstdio&gt;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0412\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440: \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kVertexSrc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">R\"(#version 330 core<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">layout(location = 0) in vec2 aPos;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">void main() { gl_Position = vec4(aPos, 0.0, 1.0); }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u0424\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440: \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0444\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kFragmentSrc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">R\"(#version 330 core<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">out vec4 FragColor;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">void main() { FragColor = vec4(1.0, 0.5, 0.0, 1.0); }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GLuint<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">compile<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GLenum<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">type<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">src<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GLuint<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glCreateShader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">type<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glShaderSource<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">src<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">nullptr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glCompileShader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GLint<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ok<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glGetShaderiv<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_COMPILE_STATUS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ok<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ok<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1024<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">];<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glGetShaderInfoLog<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">sizeof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">nullptr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">fprintf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stderr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"shader error:\\n%s\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">log<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">s<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #61AFEF; font-weight: bold\">main<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">() {<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_Init<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_INIT_VIDEO<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_SetAttribute<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MAJOR_VERSION<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_SetAttribute<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_CONTEXT_MINOR_VERSION<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_SetAttribute<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_MASK<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_CONTEXT_PROFILE_CORE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_SetAttribute<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_CONTEXT_FLAGS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_CONTEXT_FORWARD_COMPATIBLE_FLAG<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_Window<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">win<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_CreateWindow<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"OpenGL\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">        <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_WINDOWPOS_CENTERED<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">400<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">400<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_WINDOW_OPENGL<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">|<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_WINDOW_HIDDEN<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GLContext<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ctx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">win<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">?<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_CreateContext<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">win<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">:<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">nullptr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ctx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">fprintf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stderr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"no GL context: %s\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GetError<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">()); <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">printf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"GL_VERSION:  %s\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glGetString<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_VERSION<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">printf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"GLSL:        %s\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glGetString<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_SHADING_LANGUAGE_VERSION<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 1. \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435: \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043e\u0440\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0445 [-1; 1]<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">float<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">verts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[] <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> { <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">-0.5f<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">-0.5f<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,   <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0.5f<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">-0.5f<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,   <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0.0f<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0.5f<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> };<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GLuint<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">vao<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">vbo<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glGenVertexArrays<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">vao<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glBindVertexArray<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">vao<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glGenBuffers<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">vbo<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glBindBuffer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_ARRAY_BUFFER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">vbo<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glBufferData<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_ARRAY_BUFFER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">sizeof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">verts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">verts<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_STATIC_DRAW<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glVertexAttribPointer<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_FLOAT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_FALSE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">sizeof<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">float<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">), <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">nullptr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glEnableVertexAttribArray<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 2. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GLuint<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prog<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glCreateProgram<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glAttachShader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prog<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">compile<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_VERTEX_SHADER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kVertexSrc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glAttachShader<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prog<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">compile<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_FRAGMENT_SHADER<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kFragmentSrc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">));<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glLinkProgram<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prog<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GLint<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">linked<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glGetProgramiv<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prog<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_LINK_STATUS<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">linked<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> (<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">!<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">linked<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">) { <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">fprintf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">stderr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"link failed\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">); <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">; }<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ 3. \u041a\u0430\u0434\u0440: \u043e\u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d \u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glClearColor<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0.1f<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0.1f<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0.1f<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1.0f<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glClear<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glUseProgram<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">prog<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glDrawArrays<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_TRIANGLES<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">3<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glFinish<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #7F848E\">\/\/ \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430: \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0430<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">w<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">h<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_GetDrawableSize<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">win<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">w<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">h<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">unsigned<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">center<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">], <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">corner<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">4<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">];<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glReadPixels<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">w<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">h<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">\/<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_RGBA<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">center<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glReadPixels<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_RGBA<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">corner<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">printf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"center: %d %d %d\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">center<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">], <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">center<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">], <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">center<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">printf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"corner: %d %d %d\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">corner<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">], <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">corner<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">], <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">corner<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">std<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">::<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">printf<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"glGetError: %u\\n\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">, <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">glGetError<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">());<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_SwapWindow<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">win<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_GL_DeleteContext<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ctx<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_DestroyWindow<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">win<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">);<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">SDL_Quit<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">();<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">    <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">return<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">0<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 macOS (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e: macOS 26.4, Apple clang 21, SDL 2.32.10, Apple Silicon):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">clang++<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-std<span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span>c++17<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-Wall<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-Wextra<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>triangle.cpp<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">$(<\/span>sdl2-config<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>--cflags<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>--libs<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">)<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-framework<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>OpenGL<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>-o<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>triangle\n.\/triangle<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">GL_VERSION:  4.1 Metal - 90.5\nGLSL:        4.10\ncenter: 255 128 0\ncorner: 26 26 26\nglGetError: 0\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0426\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0440 &#8212; \u043e\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0436\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a (0.5 \u043e\u0442 255 = 128), \u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b &#8212; \u0444\u043e\u043d 0.1. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u043b\u0438 3.3, \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043b \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043c\u0443\u044e 4.1, \u0438 \u043d\u0430 Apple Silicon OpenGL \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 Metal. \u0427\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430 &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043b\u044e\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043d\u0430, \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u044f: \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0435\u0436\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 framebuffer object. \u0412 Linux \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">-lGL<\/code> \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">-framework OpenGL<\/code>; \u0432 Windows \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0435 1.1 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 glad \u0438\u043b\u0438 GLEW, \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u0430\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">opengl32.dll<\/code> \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u0435 \u044d\u043a\u0441\u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442.<\/p>\n<p>SDL2 &#8212; \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u043a\u0435, \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430 SDL3 (3.4.x). \u0412 \u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u043a <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">&lt;SDL3\/SDL.h&gt;<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SDL_CreateWindow(title, w, h, flags)<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0438, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SDL_GL_DestroyContext<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SDL_GetWindowSizeInPixels<\/code> \u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SDL_GL_DeleteContext<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">SDL_GL_GetDrawableSize<\/code>; \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b OpenGL \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>OpenGL &#8212; <strong>\u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/strong>: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">glBind...<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">glUse...<\/code> \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u00ab\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0439\u00bb \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442, \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441 \u043d\u0438\u043c.<\/p>\n<h3>\u0422\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430: \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430<\/h3>\n<p>\u0424\u0440\u0430\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u0437 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 OpenGL 2.x \u0432 core-\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442\u0435:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">static<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">const<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">char<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">*<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">kFragmentSrc<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">R\"(#version 330 core<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">void main() { gl_FragColor = vec4(1.0, 0.5, 0.0, 1.0); }<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #98C379\">)\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">;<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0435\u0437\u0443\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 macOS (stderr; \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 GL_VERSION \u0438 GLSL \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">shader error:\nERROR: 0:2: Use of undeclared identifier &#x27;gl_FragColor&#x27;\n\nlink failed\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">gl_FragColor<\/code> \u0432 core-\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0418\u0441\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">out vec4 FragColor;<\/code>, \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430 (\u0443 NVIDIA, AMD \u0438 Mesa \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u0439). \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GL_COMPILE_STATUS<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GL_LINK_STATUS<\/code>: \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">glGetError<\/code> \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438\u0448\u044c 1282 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GL_INVALID_OPERATION<\/code>).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 OpenGL<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0412\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f<\/th>\n<th>\u0413\u043e\u0434<\/th>\n<th>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>1.0<\/td>\n<td>1992<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (Silicon Graphics)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>1.5<\/td>\n<td>2003<\/td>\n<td>\u0411\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043d (VBO)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>2.0<\/td>\n<td>2004<\/td>\n<td>\u042f\u0437\u044b\u043a \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 GLSL<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.0 \/ 3.2<\/td>\n<td>2008 \/ 2009<\/td>\n<td>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0444\u0438\u043b\u0438 core\/compatibility, \u0433\u0435\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>3.3<\/td>\n<td>2010<\/td>\n<td>\u0411\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.0<\/td>\n<td>2010<\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u0435\u0441\u0441\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.3<\/td>\n<td>2012<\/td>\n<td>Compute-\u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b, \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.5<\/td>\n<td>2014<\/td>\n<td>Direct State Access &#8212; \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>4.6<\/td>\n<td>2017<\/td>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435 SPIR-V (\u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432 Vulkan)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0421 2017 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439 OpenGL \u043d\u0435\u0442 (\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u043d\u0442\u044f\u0431\u0440\u044c 2026): Khronos \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 Vulkan, OpenGL \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0430 <strong>OpenGL ES<\/strong> (\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f 3.2), \u043d\u0430 ES 3.0 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d <strong>WebGL 2<\/strong>. \u0421\u0432\u043e\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GL_VERSION<\/code> \u0438\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0432 Linux &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">glxinfo -B<\/code> (mesa-utils), \u0432 Windows &#8212; GPU-Z.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">OpenGL \u043d\u0430 macOS<\/h2>\n<p>Apple \u043e\u0431\u044a\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 OpenGL \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0432 macOS 10.14 Mojave (2018) \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0448\u043b\u0430 \u043d\u0430 Metal. OpenGL \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u0441\u044f (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 macOS 26.4), \u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0430 4.1: compute-\u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, DSA \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 4.2-4.6 \u043d\u0435\u0442. \u0411\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">GL_SILENCE_DEPRECATION<\/code> \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0437\u0430\u0441\u044b\u043f\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0443\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434 OpenGL 4.3+ \u043d\u0430 Mac \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">OpenGL vs Vulkan, DirectX 12 \u0438 Metal<\/h2>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th><\/th>\n<th>OpenGL<\/th>\n<th>Vulkan<\/th>\n<th>Direct3D 12<\/th>\n<th>Metal<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041a\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>Khronos Group<\/td>\n<td>Khronos Group<\/td>\n<td>Microsoft<\/td>\n<td>Apple<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u044b<\/td>\n<td>Windows, Linux, macOS (\u0434\u043e 4.1), ES &#8212; \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/td>\n<td>Windows, Linux, Android; \u043d\u0430 Apple &#8212; \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 MoltenVK<\/td>\n<td>Windows, Xbox<\/td>\n<td>macOS, iOS, iPadOS<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439: \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u042f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439: \u043f\u0430\u043c\u044f\u0442\u044c, \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0445\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f, \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u042f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u042f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043d\u0435\u0435 Vulkan<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0428\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b<\/td>\n<td>GLSL (SPIR-V \u0441 4.6)<\/td>\n<td>SPIR-V (\u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 GLSL, HLSL \u0438 \u0434\u0440.)<\/td>\n<td>HLSL<\/td>\n<td>Metal Shading Language<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u041a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0435\u043d \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u0435<\/td>\n<td>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0438\u0437 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0414\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a &#8212; \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 100 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a<\/td>\n<td>\u0422\u0440\u0435\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0438\u043a &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0430 1000 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a<\/td>\n<td>\u0412\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u0421\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c: \u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0435 &#8212; OpenGL 3.3 core (\u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u0439 API); \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 Linux \u0438 Android &#8212; Vulkan; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e Windows \u0438 Xbox &#8212; Direct3D 12; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e Apple &#8212; Metal; \u0438\u0433\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043e\u043a &#8212; Unity, Unreal Engine \u0438\u043b\u0438 Godot, \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 API \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438. \u0426\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f OpenGL: \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u0442\u044b\u0441\u044f\u0447\u0430\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u0434\u0440 \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 Vulkan \u0443\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0446\u0435\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0440 (\u043d\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 OpenGL \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u0432 2026 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443<\/h2>\n<p>\u0412 CAD, \u043d\u0430\u0443\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0430\u0445. \u0416\u0438\u0437\u043d\u044c \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b: Zink \u0432 Mesa \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 OpenGL \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 Vulkan, ANGLE &#8212; OpenGL ES \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 Direct3D, Vulkan \u0438\u043b\u0438 Metal (\u0442\u0430\u043a WebGL \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 Chrome \u043d\u0430 Windows). \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0443\u0442 \u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 API, \u0432 \u0432\u0435\u0431\u0435 &#8212; WebGPU.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>OpenGL &#8212; \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f Khronos Group; \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0435 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 GPU \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 OpenGL &#8212; core profile, \u0431\u0443\u0444\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b GLSL; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">glBegin<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">glEnd<\/code>, GLU \u0438 GLUT &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0435 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f &#8212; 4.6 (2017); \u043d\u0430 macOS OpenGL \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b \u0438 \u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u043d 4.1.<\/li>\n<li>Vulkan, Direct3D 12 \u0438 Metal &#8212; \u044f\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 API \u0441 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0438\u043c \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043c\u043e\u043c \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430; OpenGL &#8212; \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043a \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440\u0430.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0438 \u043b\u0438\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0443 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0433\u043b\u044f\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s10\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0413\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0443 \u043d\u0430 OpenGL \u0438 Vulkan \u0447\u0430\u0449\u0435 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 C++: \u0434\u0432\u0438\u0436\u043a\u0438, CAD, \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b. \u041f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043c\u043e API \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0443\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 C++: RAII-\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 OpenGL, \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f \u0436\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, CMake. \u0418\u0445 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/cpp-professional\/?int_article=opengl-harakteristiki-i-osobennosti&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u00abC++-\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0432\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c\u00bb<\/a>. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0443\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=opengl-harakteristiki-i-osobennosti&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s11\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c OpenGL \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435\u0442, \u043e\u043d \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b; \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0443 \u043e\u043a\u043d\u0430 (GLFW \u0438\u043b\u0438 SDL) \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u0447\u0438\u043a \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 (glad \u0438\u043b\u0438 GLEW).<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0434 OpenGL \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0430 C++?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430: \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u044f\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f C, Python (PyOpenGL, moderngl), Java (LWJGL), C# (OpenTK), Rust; \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0438 \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0442\u0435 \u0436\u0435.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>OpenGL (Open Graphics Library) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 (API), \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c 2D- \u0438 3D-\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0443. \u0421\u0430\u043c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 OpenGL &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0443\u044e \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0430 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442-\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442: \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u0440\u0446\u0438\u0443\u043c Khronos Group, \u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 GPU \u0432 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u044f\u044f \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f &#8212; OpenGL 4.6 (2017). \u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438-\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c: \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":10922,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[209,65],"class_list":["post-10921","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-computer-science","tag-programmirovanie"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 OpenGL \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043c\u0438: \u0441\u043f\u0435\u0446\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0430\u0439\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0444\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0432\u0435\u0439\u0435\u0440, \u0448\u0435\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u044b GLSL, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e 4.6, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0443\u0441 \u043d\u0430 macOS \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441 Vulkan, DirectX \u0438 Metal.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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