{"id":10827,"date":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-23T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=10827"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:32:58","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:32:58","slug":"kak-napisat-veb-prilozhenie-chto-nuzhno-pomnit-pered-sozdaniem","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/kak-napisat-veb-prilozhenie-chto-nuzhno-pomnit-pered-sozdaniem\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435: \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u043e\u0442 \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u044f"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u0412\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong> — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430, \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440: \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435. \u041e\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u0445\u043d\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u044f: \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0443\u044e \u043e\u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434\u044c \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e, \u0432\u0435\u0431-\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u0438 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 (\u0437\u0430\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b, \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u0430\u043a\u043a\u0430\u0443\u043d\u0442\u044b). \u0413\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u044b\u0442\u0430 — \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442-\u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u0439\u0442, \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u0428\u0430\u0433 1. \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 MVP<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u0428\u0430\u0433 2. \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u0428\u0430\u0433 3. \u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. \u0428\u0430\u0433 4. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u0428\u0430\u0433 5. \u0411\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c: \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0443\u043c<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u0428\u0430\u0433 6. Git, \u0442\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n
  7. \u0414\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u0430 \u0434\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0441\u044c<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n
  11. FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f, \u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0447\u044c: \u0444\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434<\/strong> (HTML, CSS \u0438 JavaScript \u0432 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435), \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434<\/strong> (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430) \u0438 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445<\/strong> (\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0449\u0435, \u043a \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434). \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 — \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d \u0432 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0448\u0430\u0433\u043e\u0432: \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u0430\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430, \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c, \u0434\u0435\u043f\u043b\u043e\u0439.<\/p>\n

    \u0428\u0430\u0433 1. \u0422\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0438 MVP<\/h2>\n

    \u0414\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0434\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c. \u041a\u0442\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434. \u041a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u0421\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0439 \u043e\u0436\u0438\u0434\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0446\u044b. \u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u043b\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 \u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u0444\u043e\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u043e\u0444\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d.<\/p>\n

    \u0421\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u043e: \u00ab\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043f\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c, \u044f \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0443 \u0434\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u0437\u0438\u043d\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435\u00bb. \u0418\u0437 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 MVP<\/strong> — \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442 \u043d\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b\u0430; \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0431\u0430\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0441\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0434\u0430\u043d \u0420\u0424, \u043a \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u043c\u044b \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f 152-\u0424\u0417 — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043b\u0438\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433 \u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u044b, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430.<\/p>\n

    \u0428\u0430\u0433 2. \u0410\u0440\u0445\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430<\/h2>\n

    \u0411\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f: \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 HTTP-\u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441, \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0435 \u0438 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 HTML-\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u0438\u043b\u0438 JSON. \u0412\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0430\u043d\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u041f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434<\/th>\n\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/th>\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    MPA (\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435)<\/td>\n\u041d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 — \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430<\/td>\n\u041c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043a\u0442\u044b, \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043a\u0438; \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435 SEO<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SPA (\u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u0435)<\/td>\n\u0412 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 API<\/td>\n\u041a\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u0434\u0430\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0441 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0439 \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    SSR\/\u0433\u0438\u0431\u0440\u0438\u0434 (Next.js, Nuxt)<\/td>\n\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435, \u0434\u0430\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a SPA<\/td>\n\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0438 SEO, \u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    PWA<\/strong> — \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0439 \u0442\u0438\u043f, \u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0434\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 (\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0444\u0435\u0441\u0442 \u0438 service worker) \u043d\u0430\u0434 SPA \u0438\u043b\u0438 MPA: \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0433\u043b\u0430\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u044d\u043a\u0440\u0430\u043d, \u043e\u0444\u043b\u0430\u0439\u043d, push-\u0443\u0432\u0435\u0434\u043e\u043c\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f, \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0443\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u041e\u0421. \u0418 SPA \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0430 \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0431\u0435 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0435 \u0431\u0435\u0437\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0430, \u0447\u0435\u043c MPA: \u0443\u044f\u0437\u0432\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0431\u044d\u043a\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0438 API, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446.<\/p>\n

    \u0428\u0430\u0433 3. \u0412\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0430<\/h2>\n

    \u0421\u0442\u0435\u043a \u0432\u044b\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0435 \u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0435, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0440\u0435\u0439\u0442\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0430\u043c. \u0424\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0435\u043d\u0434 \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 HTML, CSS \u0438 JavaScript (\u0438\u043b\u0438 TypeScript).<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0417\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0430<\/th>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0432\u0437\u044f\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u041f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0445\u0430\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0443<\/td>\nPython \u0438\u043b\u0438 Node.js \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430, SQLite<\/td>\n\u041f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u0438 \u0440\u043e\u043b\u0438 — \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043a\u0442 \u0441 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/td>\nDjango, Laravel, Ruby on Rails<\/td>\n\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u043e\u043c \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0435 — \u0444\u0440\u0435\u0439\u043c\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a \u0435\u0435 \u044f\u0437\u044b\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    API \u0434\u043b\u044f SPA \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0438\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430<\/td>\nFastAPI, Express\/NestJS, Spring Boot, ASP.NET Core<\/td>\n\u0414\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e CRUD \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 MPA<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u0414\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/td>\nPostgreSQL \u0438\u043b\u0438 MySQL, SQLite \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0442\u0438\u043f\u0430<\/td>\n\u0414\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 — \u043a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u044f<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u041a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b (no-code) \u0437\u0430\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043b\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0433\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0433\u0430\u0437\u0438\u043d\u044b. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430, \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043b\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0434 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438, \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043e\u0434.<\/p>\n

    \u0428\u0430\u0433 4. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/h2>\n

    \u0412\u0441\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0435 — \u0443\u0447\u0435\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u00ab\u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438\u00bb \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0435 Python: \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430, \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440, \u0431\u0430\u0437\u0430 SQLite. \u041d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 Python 3.14:<\/p>\n

    import<\/span> <\/span>html<\/span>\nimport<\/span> <\/span>sqlite3<\/span>\nfrom<\/span> <\/span>pathlib<\/span> <\/span>import<\/span> Path<\/span>\nfrom<\/span> <\/span>urllib.parse<\/span> <\/span>import<\/span> parse_qs<\/span>\nfrom<\/span> <\/span>wsgiref.simple_server<\/span> <\/span>import<\/span> make_server<\/span>\n\nDB_PATH<\/span> =<\/span> Path<\/span>(<\/span>__file__<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>parent<\/span> \/<\/span> \"var\"<\/span> \/<\/span> \"notes.sqlite\"<\/span>\nMAX_LEN<\/span> =<\/span> 200<\/span>\n\n\ndef<\/span> <\/span>db<\/span>():<\/span>\n    DB_PATH<\/span>.<\/span>parent<\/span>.<\/span>mkdir<\/span>(<\/span>exist_ok<\/span>=<\/span>True<\/span>)<\/span>\n    conn<\/span> =<\/span> sqlite3<\/span>.<\/span>connect<\/span>(<\/span>DB_PATH<\/span>)<\/span>\n    conn<\/span>.<\/span>execute<\/span>(<\/span>\"CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS notes (\"<\/span>\n                 \"id INTEGER PRIMARY KEY, \"<\/span>\n                 \"text TEXT NOT NULL CHECK (length(text) BETWEEN 1 AND 200))\"<\/span>)<\/span>\n    return<\/span> conn<\/span>\n\n\ndef<\/span> <\/span>index<\/span>(<\/span>environ<\/span>):<\/span>\n    with<\/span> db<\/span>()<\/span> as<\/span> conn<\/span>:<\/span>\n        rows<\/span> =<\/span> conn<\/span>.<\/span>execute<\/span>(<\/span>\"SELECT text FROM notes ORDER BY id\"<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>fetchall<\/span>()<\/span>\n    items<\/span> =<\/span> \"\"<\/span>.<\/span>join<\/span>(<\/span>f\"<li>{<\/span>html<\/span>.<\/span>escape<\/span>(<\/span>text<\/span>)<\/span>}<\/li>\"<\/span> for<\/span> (<\/span>text<\/span>,)<\/span> in<\/span> rows<\/span>)<\/span>\n    page<\/span> =<\/span> (<\/span>\"<!doctype html><meta charset='utf-8'><title>\u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/title>\"<\/span>\n            \"<form method='post' action='\/notes'>\"<\/span>\n            \"<input name='text' maxlength='200' required> <button>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/button>\"<\/span>\n            f\"<\/form><ul>{<\/span>items<\/span>}<\/ul>\"<\/span>)<\/span>\n    return<\/span> \"200 OK\"<\/span>,<\/span> [(<\/span>\"Content-Type\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"text\/html; charset=utf-8\"<\/span>)],<\/span> page<\/span>\n\n\ndef<\/span> <\/span>add_note<\/span>(<\/span>environ<\/span>):<\/span>\n    size<\/span> =<\/span> int<\/span>(<\/span>environ<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>\"CONTENT_LENGTH\"<\/span>)<\/span> or<\/span> 0<\/span>)<\/span>\n    if<\/span> size<\/span> ><\/span> 4096<\/span>:<\/span>\n        return<\/span> \"413 Content Too Large\"<\/span>,<\/span> [],<\/span> \"\u0421\u043b\u0438\u0448\u043a\u043e\u043c \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\"<\/span>\n    form<\/span> =<\/span> parse_qs<\/span>(<\/span>environ<\/span>[<\/span>\"wsgi.input\"<\/span>]<\/span>.<\/span>read<\/span>(<\/span>size<\/span>)<\/span>.<\/span>decode<\/span>(<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>))<\/span>\n    text<\/span> =<\/span> form<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>(<\/span>\"text\"<\/span>,<\/span> [<\/span>\"\"<\/span>])[<\/span>0<\/span>]<\/span>.<\/span>strip<\/span>()<\/span>\n    if<\/span> not<\/span> 1<\/span> <=<\/span> len<\/span>(<\/span>text<\/span>)<\/span> <=<\/span> MAX_LEN<\/span>:<\/span>\n        return<\/span> \"400 Bad Request\"<\/span>,<\/span> [],<\/span> \"\u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438: \u043e\u0442 1 \u0434\u043e 200 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432\"<\/span>\n    with<\/span> db<\/span>()<\/span> as<\/span> conn<\/span>:<\/span>\n        conn<\/span>.<\/span>execute<\/span>(<\/span>\"INSERT INTO notes (text) VALUES (?)\"<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>text<\/span>,))<\/span>\n    return<\/span> \"303 See Other\"<\/span>,<\/span> [(<\/span>\"Location\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"\/\"<\/span>)],<\/span> \"\"<\/span>\n\n\nROUTES<\/span> =<\/span> {(<\/span>\"GET\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"\/\"<\/span>):<\/span> index<\/span>,<\/span> (<\/span>\"POST\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"\/notes\"<\/span>):<\/span> add_note<\/span>}<\/span>\n\n\ndef<\/span> <\/span>app<\/span>(<\/span>environ<\/span>,<\/span> start_response<\/span>):<\/span>\n    handler<\/span> =<\/span> ROUTES<\/span>.<\/span>get<\/span>((<\/span>environ<\/span>[<\/span>\"REQUEST_METHOD\"<\/span>],<\/span> environ<\/span>[<\/span>\"PATH_INFO\"<\/span>]))<\/span>\n    if<\/span> handler<\/span> is<\/span> None<\/span>:<\/span>\n        status<\/span>,<\/span> headers<\/span>,<\/span> body<\/span> =<\/span> \"404 Not Found\"<\/span>,<\/span> [],<\/span> \"\u041d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e\"<\/span>\n    else<\/span>:<\/span>\n        status<\/span>,<\/span> headers<\/span>,<\/span> body<\/span> =<\/span> handler<\/span>(<\/span>environ<\/span>)<\/span>\n    headers<\/span> =<\/span> headers<\/span> or<\/span> [(<\/span>\"Content-Type\"<\/span>,<\/span> \"text\/plain; charset=utf-8\"<\/span>)]<\/span>\n    start_response<\/span>(<\/span>status<\/span>,<\/span> headers<\/span>)<\/span>\n    return<\/span> [<\/span>body<\/span>.<\/span>encode<\/span>(<\/span>\"utf-8\"<\/span>)]<\/span>\n\n\nif<\/span> __name__<\/span> ==<\/span> \"__main__\"<\/span>:<\/span>\n    with<\/span> make_server<\/span>(<\/span>\"127.0.0.1\"<\/span>,<\/span> 8000<\/span>,<\/span> app<\/span>)<\/span> as<\/span> server<\/span>:<\/span>\n        print<\/span>(<\/span>\"\u041e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0439 http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\"<\/span>)<\/span>\n        server<\/span>.<\/span>serve_forever<\/span>()<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 python3 app.py<\/code> \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000<\/code> — \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435 \u0432\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0441 \u043a\u043d\u043e\u043f\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u00ab\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c\u00bb \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437 \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0430:<\/p>\n
    curl <\/span>-s <\/span>-o <\/span>\/dev\/null <\/span>-w <\/span>\"%{http_code}\\n\"<\/span> <\/span>-d <\/span>\"text=\u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e\"<\/span> <\/span>http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/notes\ncurl <\/span>-s <\/span>-o <\/span>\/dev\/null <\/span>-w <\/span>\"%{http_code}\\n\"<\/span> <\/span>--data-urlencode <\/span>\"text=<b>\u0436\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439?<\/b>\"<\/span> <\/span>http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/notes\ncurl <\/span>-s <\/span>-w <\/span>\" [%{http_code}]\\n\"<\/span> <\/span>-d <\/span>\"text=\"<\/span> <\/span>http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/notes\ncurl <\/span>-s <\/span>http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/; <\/span>echo<\/span>\ncurl <\/span>-s <\/span>-w <\/span>\" [%{http_code}]\\n\"<\/span> <\/span>http:\/\/127.0.0.1:8000\/var\/notes.sqlite<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0424\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n
    303\n303\n\u0422\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438: \u043e\u0442 1 \u0434\u043e 200 \u0441\u0438\u043c\u0432\u043e\u043b\u043e\u0432 [400]\n<!doctype html><meta charset='utf-8'><title>\u0417\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043a\u0438<\/title><form method='post' action='\/notes'><input name='text' maxlength='200' required> <button>\u0414\u043e\u0431\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c<\/button><\/form><ul><li>\u041a\u0443\u043f\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u043e\u043b\u043e\u043a\u043e<\/li><li>&lt;b&gt;\u0436\u0438\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439?&lt;\/b&gt;<\/li><\/ul>\n\u041d\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e [404]\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u041a\u0430\u043a \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e \u0441\u043b\u043e\u044f\u043c:<\/p>\n