{"id":10660,"date":"2026-09-18T04:22:32","date_gmt":"2026-09-18T04:22:32","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=10660"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:46:28","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:46:28","slug":"apt-osnovy-raboty","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/apt-osnovy-raboty\/","title":{"rendered":"apt \u0432 Linux: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 Debian \u0438 Ubuntu"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>apt<\/strong> (Advanced Package Tool) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 \u0432 Debian, Ubuntu \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445: \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0435\u043c apt \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 apt-get \u0438 dpkg, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 &#8212; update, upgrade, install, remove, purge, search.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 apt \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">dpkg, apt-get \u0438 apt: \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 apt \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b apt<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 apt \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0432 Debian \u0438 Ubuntu \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432 \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.deb<\/code>. \u0412 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435: \u0438\u043c\u044f, \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 (\u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442).<\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043d\u0435\u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e: \u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b \u0431\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0430 \u0443 \u043d\u0438\u0445 &#8212; \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438. apt \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u044d\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0431\u044f. \u0412\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 &#8212; apt \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438, \u0432\u044b\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0432\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0438 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u043e\u0440\u044f\u0434\u043a\u0435.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0420\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0439<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 (\u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c) \u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043c: \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439. \u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b (\u043f\u0443\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0438\u0436\u0435). \u0418\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 apt \u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">dpkg, apt-get \u0438 apt: \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044f \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f\u0445. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>dpkg<\/strong> &#8212; \u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.deb<\/code>-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0443 \u0432\u0430\u0441 \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0435\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0435. \u041d\u0435 \u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0443 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e-\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442, dpkg \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435.<\/li>\n<li><strong>apt-get<\/strong> (\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">apt-cache<\/code>) &#8212; \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0445 dpkg. \u0423\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0439, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430\u0445.<\/li>\n<li><strong>apt<\/strong> &#8212; \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0432\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 apt-get \u0438 apt-cache \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u044b\u043c \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c: \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0441-\u0431\u0430\u0440, \u0446\u0432\u0435\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0442\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0442, \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439. \u0420\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0443 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0418\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u0423\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c<\/th>\n<th>\u0420\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/th>\n<th>\u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>dpkg<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u043d\u0435\u0442<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.deb<\/code>, \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>apt-get \/ apt-cache<\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u044b \u0438 \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>apt<\/td>\n<td>\u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043b\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430: apt \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 apt-get \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0447\u0438\u043a\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0433\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0435\u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 apt \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044f\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0443\u044e\u0442 apt-get. \u0414\u043b\u044f \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b apt \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u043d\u0435\u0435 &#8212; \u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0438\u043c\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 apt \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438<\/h2>\n<p>\u041f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u0440\u0438 \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0430, \u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 apt \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0443\u0434\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432<\/strong> &#8212; \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/etc\/apt\/sources.list<\/code> \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/<\/code>. \u0412 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0445 (Debian 12+, Ubuntu 24.04+) \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 deb822 &#8212; \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0441 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u0448\u0438\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.sources<\/code> \u0432 \u0442\u043e\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/ubuntu.sources<\/code>). \u0421\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0421\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/strong> &#8212; \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/<\/code>. \u0421\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">update<\/code> \u0441\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0434\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043f\u0438\u044f, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0439 apt \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">search<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">show<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">install<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041a\u0435\u0448 \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432<\/strong> &#8212; \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/var\/cache\/apt\/archives\/<\/code>. \u0421\u044e\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.deb<\/code>-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439; \u0438\u0445 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sudo apt clean<\/code>, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u043d\u044f: \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0438\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/<\/code> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u00ab\u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0432 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f\u0445\u00bb, \u0430 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0439 \u043c\u0430\u0448\u0438\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u0442 dpkg (\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c &#8212; <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">apt list --installed<\/code>).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b apt<\/h2>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0449\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">apt &lt;\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430&gt; &lt;\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b&gt; &lt;\u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438&gt;<\/code>. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0441\u0443\u043f\u0435\u0440\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0434\u0443\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sudo<\/code>. \u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 (search, show, list), \u0432 sudo \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p>\u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u0439 &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">sudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>update\nsudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>install<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>htop<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441, \u0432\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u044f \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0443 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">htop<\/code> \u0441\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044f\u043c\u0438. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043f\u043e \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<h3>update &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432<\/h3>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">sudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>update<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/<\/code>. \u041e\u043d\u0430 <strong>\u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b<\/strong> &#8212; \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043e\u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044e \u043e \u0442\u043e\u043c, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e. \u0422\u0438\u043f\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0446\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442, \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">Reading package lists... Done\nBuilding dependency tree... Done\n12 packages can be upgraded. Run &#x27;apt list --upgradable&#x27; to see them.\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">update<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b &#8212; \u0438\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435 apt \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441.<\/p>\n<h3>upgrade &#8212; \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/h3>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">sudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0423\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432. \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c apt \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e \u0434\u043e\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e, \u0438 \u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 &#8212; <strong>\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a, \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043d\u0430\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c Y<\/strong>. \u041e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">upgrade<\/code> \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c; \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442, \u043e\u043d \u043e\u0442\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n<p>\u0411\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">full-upgrade<\/code> (\u0432 apt-get \u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u0435\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dist-upgrade<\/code>):<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">sudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>full-upgrade<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u0430 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435. \u041e\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0449\u043d\u0435\u0435, \u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0430\u0441\u043d\u0435\u0435 &#8212; \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0432\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0443 \u00ab\u0431\u0443\u0434\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043e\u00bb \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438.<\/p>\n<h3>install &#8212; \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/h3>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">sudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>install<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0443\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043b, \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u044f\u0442\u044b\u0445; \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a \u0440\u0430\u0432\u0435\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">sudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>install<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>git<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>curl\nsudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>install<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">nginx<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span><span style=\"color: #D19A66\">1<\/span>.24.0-1ubuntu1<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0422\u043e\u0439 \u0436\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">apt install<\/code> \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043a\u043e\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438, \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435.<\/p>\n<h3>remove \u0438 purge &#8212; \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b<\/h3>\n<p>\u041e\u0431\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b, \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sudo<\/code> \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u043a \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c &#8212; \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043d\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0435.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">sudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>remove<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>nginx\nsudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>purge<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 &#8212; \u0432 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">remove<\/code> \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442, \u043d\u043e <strong>\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0443\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u043e\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b<\/strong> \u0432 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0435 (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/etc\/<\/code>). \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043e, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/li>\n<li><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">purge<\/code> \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 <strong>\u0432\u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435 \u0441 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/strong>. \u041b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u044b \u0432 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0435\u043c \u043a\u0430\u0442\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0433\u0435 (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">~\/.config<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">~\/.local<\/code>) apt \u043d\u0435 \u0442\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 &#8212; \u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 \u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u041e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">autoremove<\/code> &#8212; \u0443\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u043d\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">sudo<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>autoremove<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0437\u043d\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0438\u0441\u0442\u043a\u0438, \u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u044c\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a: \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0442\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0438 \u0431\u044b \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c (\u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u044f\u0434\u0440\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u0442 \u043d\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e). \u041e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0445 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434 \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u043d\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u0441\u043b\u0435\u043f\u0443\u044e: \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c, \u0447\u0442\u043e apt \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0440\u043e\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c, \u0438 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0448\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<h3>search, show \u0438 list &#8212; \u043d\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c<\/h3>\n<p>\u042d\u0442\u0438 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0434\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0431\u0435\u0437 sudo.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>search<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>nginx\napt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>show<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>nginx<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">search<\/code> \u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e \u0432 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0445 \u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">show<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430: \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u044e, \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438, \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435. \u0418\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438 (\u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e) \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">--names-only<\/code>, \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0443\u043b\u044f\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>search<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>--names-only<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">'^python3-'<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">list<\/code> \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u043f\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043b\u044c\u0442\u0440\u0443:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">apt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>list<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>--installed\napt<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>list<span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span>--upgradable<\/code><\/pre>\n<p><code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">--installed<\/code> \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">--upgradable<\/code> &#8212; \u0442\u043e, \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0448\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0438 (\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u0433\u043e <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">update<\/code>).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>apt &#8212; \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 Debian \u0438 Ubuntu: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u0441\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432.<\/li>\n<li>\u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0438\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u044f: dpkg \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u043b\u043e\u043a\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.deb<\/code> \u0431\u0435\u0437 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439; apt-get \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u043e\u0432 (\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0431\u0438\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0446\u0438\u0438); apt \u0443\u0434\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0440\u0443\u043a\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">update<\/code> (\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441, \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">upgrade<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">full-upgrade<\/code> (\u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">install<\/code>, <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">remove<\/code> (\u0431\u0435\u0437 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u043e\u0432) \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">purge<\/code> (\u0441 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0444\u0438\u0433\u0430\u043c\u0438), <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">search<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">show<\/code>\/<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">list<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u0421\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432 &#8212; \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/etc\/apt\/sources.list<\/code> \u0438 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/etc\/apt\/sources.list.d\/<\/code>; \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441 &#8212; \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/var\/lib\/apt\/lists\/<\/code>; \u043a\u0435\u0448 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 &#8212; \u0432 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/var\/cache\/apt\/archives\/<\/code>.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 (upgrade, remove, purge, autoremove, full-upgrade), \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 sudo \u0438 \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0438\u0437\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 apt \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0423\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430 \u0441 apt &#8212; \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0432\u044b\u043a \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u0438 DevOps-\u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430: \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0442\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u043e\u0432, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0433\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043a\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440\u043e\u0432, \u0441\u0431\u043e\u0440\u043a\u0430 Docker-\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432 (\u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 Dockerfile \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">apt install<\/code>) &#8212; \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0440\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u0441 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e\u043c Linux \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e, \u043e\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432 \u0434\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043c\u0438, \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0433\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/linux-basic\/?int_article=apt-osnovy-raboty&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">Linux Basic<\/a>.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0447\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043c\u043e\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u043d\u044c, \u0437\u0430\u0433\u043b\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043d\u0430 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=apt-osnovy-raboty&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0438 Otus<\/a> &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0432\u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044e.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0421\u043c\u0435\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b: <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/osnovy-raboty-so-skriptami\/\">\u041e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b \u0441\u043e \u0441\u043a\u0440\u0438\u043f\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/a>, <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/docker-osnovy-raboty\/\">Docker: \u043e\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u044b<\/a>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u043a\u0430\u0442\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">apt update<\/code> \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0439 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u041d\u0435\u0442. \u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438, \u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0434 \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b &#8212; \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b apt \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0432\u0435\u0436\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0443 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0432\u0448\u0435\u043c\u0443.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u0443 \u0438\u0437 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">.deb<\/code>-\u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0430, \u0441\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0439 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sudo apt install .\/\u0438\u043c\u044f-\u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u0430.deb<\/code> (\u0441 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0435\u043c \u043a \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b\u0443) &#8212; apt \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u044f\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432. \u0423\u0442\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">dpkg -i<\/code> \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442 \u0444\u0430\u0439\u043b, \u043d\u043e \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0434\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 apt \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0431 \u043e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u00abbroken packages\u00bb?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sudo apt update<\/code>, \u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">sudo apt --fix-broken install<\/code> &#8212; \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u043e\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u043e\u0432\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0433\u043b\u0430\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u043d\u0438\u0435.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>apt (Advanced Package Tool) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0441\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0443\u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 \u0432 Debian, Ubuntu \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0437\u0432\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u0442 \u043d\u0438\u0445 \u0434\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0438\u0431\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0445: \u043e\u043d \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442, \u043e\u0431\u043d\u043e\u0432\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442, \u0443\u0434\u0430\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0438\u0449\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0433\u0440\u0430\u043c\u043c\u044b, \u0430\u0432\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0442\u044f\u0433\u0438\u0432\u0430\u044f \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0441\u0438\u043c\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u0438\u0437 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0435\u0432. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c, \u0447\u0435\u043c apt \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 apt-get \u0438 dpkg, \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043e\u043d \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442 \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0437\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u044b \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0435 &#8212; update, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":10661,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[141,334],"class_list":["post-10660","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-linux","tag-sistemnoe-administrirovanie-2"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.3 - aioseo.com -->\n\t<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u041f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0434\u0436\u0435\u0440 apt \u0432 Debian \u0438 Ubuntu: \u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u0442\u043b\u0438\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 apt-get \u0438 dpkg, \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0430\u043d\u0434\u044b update, upgrade, install, remove, purge, search \u0438 \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043a\u0438.\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"max-image-preview:large\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"author\" content=\"A. 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