{"id":10346,"date":"2026-09-20T05:34:20","date_gmt":"2026-09-20T05:34:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=10346"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:42:26","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:42:26","slug":"ip-i-adresaciya","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/ip-i-adresaciya\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0427\u0442\u043e \u0442\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f: IPv4, IPv6, \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><strong>IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 IP. \u041e\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443: \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438), \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430). <strong>\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 IPv4 \u0438 IPv6, \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441, \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u043e, \u043a\u0430\u043a NAT \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0432\u043e\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0438\u043c \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430\u043c \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-toc\" style=\"background:#f6f6f6;border-radius:8px;padding:14px 20px;margin:20px 0\">\n<p><strong>\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><a href=\"#s1\">\u0418\u0437 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 IPv4-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s2\">\u041c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441 CIDR<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s3\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441: \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0418<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s4\">\u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, NAT<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s5\">\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432: \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s6\">IPv6: \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s7\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s8\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"#s9\">FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043d\u0435 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u044f, \u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0440\u044c:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/strong> &#8212; \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043b\u0438 DHCP, \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>MAC-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/strong> &#8212; \u0430\u043f\u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043a\u0430\u0440\u0442\u044b (48 \u0431\u0438\u0442, \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">00:1A:2B:3C:4D:5E<\/code>), \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0430\u0445 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0433\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430, \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438<\/strong> \u0438 <strong>\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430<\/strong> &#8212; \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430; \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438<\/strong> \u0438 <strong>\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441<\/strong> (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/24<\/code>) &#8212; \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0441\u043f\u043e\u0441\u043e\u0431\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435: \u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0431\u0438\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043d\u043e \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s1\">\u0418\u0437 \u0447\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 IPv4-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u0430\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0441\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 &#8212; <strong>IPv4<\/strong>. \u042d\u0442\u043e 32 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430, \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 (\u043e\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430) \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0443: <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">192.168.1.130<\/code>. \u041a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0442 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e 8 \u0431\u0438\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0435\u0433\u043e \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043b\u0435\u0436\u0438\u0442 \u0432 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0435 \u043e\u0442 0 \u0434\u043e 255. \u0412\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e IPv4 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e 2 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 32, \u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u043e 4,29 \u043c\u043b\u0440\u0434 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432.<\/p>\n<p>\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438: \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b &#8212; \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0435 &#8212; \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430. \u0412\u0430\u0436\u043d\u043e: \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u043d\u0438\u043c\u0438 \u041d\u0415 \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u00ab\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0445 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430\u0445\u00bb. \u0415\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0438 \u0432 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044f\u0445 \u043e\u043d\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u043b\u044e\u0431\u043e\u043c \u043c\u0435\u0441\u0442\u0435, \u0445\u043e\u0442\u044c \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s2\">\u041c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441 CIDR<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438<\/strong> &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0442\u043e\u0436\u0435 32 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430. \u0412 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0445 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0440\u044f\u0434\u0430\u0445 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u044f\u0442 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b (\u044d\u0442\u043e \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438), \u0432 \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0445 &#8212; \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 (\u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430). \u041d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">255.255.255.0<\/code> \u0432 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0447\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e 24 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u0438 8 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0439. \u041a\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u044f \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0436\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e &#8212; \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/24<\/code> (\u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435). \u0422\u0430\u043a\u0443\u044e \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442 <strong>CIDR<\/strong> (Classless Inter-Domain Routing).<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441<\/th>\n<th>\u041c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430<\/th>\n<th>\u0411\u0438\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442<\/th>\n<th>\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u043e<\/th>\n<th>\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\/24<\/td>\n<td>255.255.255.0<\/td>\n<td>8<\/td>\n<td>256<\/td>\n<td>254<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/25<\/td>\n<td>255.255.255.128<\/td>\n<td>7<\/td>\n<td>128<\/td>\n<td>126<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/26<\/td>\n<td>255.255.255.192<\/td>\n<td>6<\/td>\n<td>64<\/td>\n<td>62<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\/30<\/td>\n<td>255.255.255.252<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<td>4<\/td>\n<td>2<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u0418\u0437 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0435\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0436\u0435\u0431\u043d\u044b\u0435: \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 &#8212; <strong>\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438<\/strong> (\u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438), \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 &#8212; <strong>\u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439<\/strong> (\u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u044b \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430 \u0435\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b). \u041f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435. \u0414\u043b\u044f <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/30<\/code> \u044d\u0442\u043e 2 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 &#8212; \u0440\u043e\u0432\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0430\u043d\u0430\u043b \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u043c\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s3\">\u041a\u0430\u043a \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441: \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0418<\/h2>\n<p>\u0427\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u044b\u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u043b\u043e\u0433\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0418 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439. \u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u043c \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u043c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0435 \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u044c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">ipaddress<\/code> \u0438\u0437 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u043d\u0434\u0430\u0440\u0442\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0431\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u043e\u0442\u0435\u043a\u0438 Python.<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ipaddress<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ip<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ipaddress<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ip_address<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"192.168.1.130\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">mask<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ipaddress<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ip_address<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"255.255.255.0\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #7F848E\"># \u043f\u043e\u0431\u0438\u0442\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0435 \u0418 \u0434\u0430\u0441\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">network<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ipaddress<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ip_address<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ip<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">&amp;<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">int<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">mask<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">))<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">network<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">net<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ipaddress<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ip_network<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"192.168.1.0\/26\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \/26:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">net<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">network_address<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"-\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">net<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">broadcast_address<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c:\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">net<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">num_addresses<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">-<\/span> <span style=\"color: #D19A66\">2<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438: 192.168.1.0\n\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d \/26: 192.168.1.0 - 192.168.1.63\n\u0414\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u043c: 62\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0431\u0449\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430\u043f\u0440\u044f\u043c\u0443\u044e. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u0435, \u043f\u0430\u043a\u0435\u0442 \u0443\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043d\u0430 <strong>\u0448\u043b\u044e\u0437 \u043f\u043e \u0443\u043c\u043e\u043b\u0447\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044e<\/strong> &#8212; \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0439 \u0437\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0443\u0442\u044c \u0432 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s4\">\u041f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, NAT<\/h2>\n<p>\u041d\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u044b\u0439 IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u0427\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u043e\u0432 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434 <strong>\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/strong> \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 (RFC 1918) &#8212; \u043e\u043d\u0438 \u0438\u0441\u043f\u043e\u043b\u044c\u0437\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u0430 \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0440\u0443\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0433\u043b\u043e\u0431\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438.<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u0414\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d<\/th>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441<\/th>\n<th>\u041d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>10.0.0.0 &#8212; 10.255.255.255<\/td>\n<td>\/8<\/td>\n<td>\u043a\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>172.16.0.0 &#8212; 172.31.255.255<\/td>\n<td>\/12<\/td>\n<td>\u0441\u0440\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>192.168.0.0 &#8212; 192.168.255.255<\/td>\n<td>\/16<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0438 \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0441\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>127.0.0.0 &#8212; 127.255.255.255<\/td>\n<td>\/8<\/td>\n<td>loopback (\u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>169.254.0.0 &#8212; 169.254.255.255<\/td>\n<td>\/16<\/td>\n<td>link-local (\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u043b DHCP)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>\u041f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0434\u043b\u0435\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u0443 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u0442\u0435\u043c \u0436\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0443\u043b\u0435\u043c:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ipaddress<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #C678DD\">for<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">addr<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">in<\/span> <span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">[<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"10.0.0.1\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"192.168.1.1\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"8.8.8.8\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"127.0.0.1\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">]:<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ipaddress<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ip_address<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">addr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n    <span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">addr<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439\"<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">is_private<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">else<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span>\n          <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"loopback\"<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">if<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">a<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">is_loopback<\/span> <span style=\"color: #C678DD\">else<\/span> <span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">10.0.0.1 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \n192.168.1.1 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \n8.8.8.8 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \n127.0.0.1 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 loopback\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0417\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u043c\u043e\u0449\u044c \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 <strong>NAT<\/strong> (Network Address Translation). \u0414\u043e\u043c\u0430\u0448\u043d\u0438\u0439 \u0440\u043e\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043e\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0439\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0430, \u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0435 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0437\u0430 \u043d\u0438\u043c \u0436\u0438\u0432\u0443\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0445. \u041f\u0440\u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0435 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442 \u0440\u043e\u0443\u0442\u0435\u0440 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u043e\u0442\u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u043e\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043e\u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0438\u0435, \u0447\u0442\u043e\u0431\u044b \u0432\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0443\u0442\u044c \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443. \u0422\u0430\u043a \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 IPv4-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441. \u042d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0449\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0446\u0435\u043d\u0430\u0440\u0438\u044f (NAT \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0445 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0439); \u0432\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043a \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443 \u0437\u0430 NAT \u0442\u0440\u0435\u0431\u0443\u044e\u0442 \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0438 (\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u0440\u043e\u0441 \u043f\u043e\u0440\u0442\u043e\u0432).<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s5\">\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u044b \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432: \u043f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0436\u0435 \u0438\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0438\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u043d\u044c\u0448\u0435 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0443 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c\u044e \u0438 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u043c \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0439, \u0430 <strong>\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u043c<\/strong> \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 &#8212; \u043f\u043e \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u043c \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430\u043c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430. \u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 A \u043e\u0442\u0434\u0430\u0432\u0430\u043b \u043f\u043e\u0434 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u044c \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0442, B &#8212; \u0434\u0432\u0430, C &#8212; \u0442\u0440\u0438. \u042d\u0442\u0430 \u043c\u043e\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044c (classful addressing) \u043e\u0444\u0438\u0446\u0438\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0445\u043e\u0434\u043e\u043c CIDR \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432 1993 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0436\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043a\u043e \u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439 \u0431\u044b\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u044b\u0432\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430.<\/p>\n<p>\u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u044b \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 C\u00bb \u0438\u043d\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0441\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/24<\/code>, \u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430\u043c \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u043d\u043e: \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u044f\u0432\u043d\u043e \u0438 \u043c\u043e\u0433\u0443\u0442 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043b\u044e\u0431\u044b\u043c\u0438. \u0415\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u00ab\u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441 C\u00bb \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u043e\u0439 \u0434\u043e\u043a\u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 &#8212; \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u0438\u043d\u043e\u043d\u0438\u043c <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/24<\/code>.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s6\">IPv6: \u0437\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043c \u043e\u043d \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f<\/h2>\n<p>\u0421\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u044b\u0435 IPv4-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u043a\u043e\u043d\u0447\u0438\u043b\u0438\u0441\u044c: \u043f\u0443\u043b IANA \u0431\u044b\u043b \u0438\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0440\u043f\u0430\u043d \u0435\u0449\u0435 \u0432 2011 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0443, \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u043e\u043d\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0440\u0435\u0433\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0430\u043b\u0438 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0437\u0436\u0435. \u041e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u044d\u0442\u043e &#8212; <strong>IPv6<\/strong>: \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0434\u043b\u0438\u043d\u043e\u0439 128 \u0431\u0438\u0442, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 2 \u0432 \u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u0438 128 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0439 &#8212; \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0441, \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043c\u044b\u0439 \u0441 IPv4.<\/p>\n<p>IPv6 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0432\u043e\u0441\u0435\u043c\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u043f\u043e \u0447\u0435\u0442\u044b\u0440\u0435 \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0446\u0438\u0444\u0440\u044b \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435. \u0420\u0430\u0437\u0440\u0435\u0448\u0435\u043d\u044b \u0441\u043e\u043a\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f: \u0432\u0435\u0434\u0443\u0449\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0438 \u0432 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f\u0435 \u043e\u0442\u0431\u0440\u0430\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f, \u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0446\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0443\u043b\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f \u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 <code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">::<\/code> (\u043d\u0435 \u0431\u043e\u043b\u0435\u0435 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0430 \u0432 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0435).<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\"><span style=\"color: #C678DD\">import<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\"> <\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ipaddress<\/span>\n\n<span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v6<\/span> <span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">=<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ipaddress<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">ip_address<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001\"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u0421\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430: \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v6<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">compressed<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span>\n<span style=\"color: #E5C07B\">print<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">(<\/span><span style=\"color: #98C379\">\"\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430: \"<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">,<\/span> <span style=\"color: #E06C75\">v6<\/span><span style=\"color: #56B6C2\">.<\/span><span style=\"color: #E06C75\">exploded<\/span><span style=\"color: #ABB2BF\">)<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434:<\/p>\n<pre style=\"background:#282c34;color:#abb2bf;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:20px 0;overflow-x:auto;font-size:14px;line-height:1.55;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\"><code style=\"background:none\">\u0421\u0436\u0430\u0442\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430:  2001:db8::1\n\u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430:  2001:0db8:0000:0000:0000:0000:0000:0001\n<\/code><\/pre>\n<p>\u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439 \u043a\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043a\u043e:<\/p>\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0437\u043d\u0430\u043a<\/th>\n<th>IPv4<\/th>\n<th>IPv6<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0414\u043b\u0438\u043d\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430<\/td>\n<td>32 \u0431\u0438\u0442\u0430<\/td>\n<td>128 \u0431\u0438\u0442<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0417\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044c<\/td>\n<td>4 \u043e\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0442\u0430, \u0434\u0435\u0441\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/td>\n<td>8 \u0433\u0440\u0443\u043f\u043f, \u0448\u0435\u0441\u0442\u043d\u0430\u0434\u0446\u0430\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/td>\n<td>192.168.1.1<\/td>\n<td>2001:db8::1<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u0420\u0430\u0437\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0438\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c<\/td>\n<td>\u0442\u043e\u0447\u043a\u0430<\/td>\n<td>\u0434\u0432\u043e\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0435<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>NAT<\/td>\n<td>\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044f\u0437\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d<\/td>\n<td>\u043a\u0430\u043a \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u043d\u0435 \u043d\u0443\u0436\u0435\u043d<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<p>IPv4 \u0438 IPv6 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e (dual stack): \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0442\u044c \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u043e\u0431\u0435\u0438\u0445 \u0432\u0435\u0440\u0441\u0438\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c\u044e \u043e\u0442\u043a\u0430\u0437\u0430\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0442 IPv4 \u043f\u043e\u043a\u0430 \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0440\u0435\u0441\u0443\u0440\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u0430 \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u043f\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043c\u0443.<\/p>\n<h2 id=\"s7\">\u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/h2>\n<ul>\n<li>IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0432\u0441\u0435\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u043e\u0438\u0442 \u0438\u0437 \u0434\u0432\u0443\u0445 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0435\u0439: \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430; \u0433\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430, \u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u043a\u0442\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0432.<\/li>\n<li>\u041c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0430 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441 CIDR (<code style=\"background:#eef0f3;color:#24292f;border-radius:4px;padding:1px 5px;font-size:0.92em;font-family:ui-monospace,SFMono-Regular,Menlo,Consolas,monospace\">\/24<\/code>) &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430 \u0438 \u0442\u0430 \u0436\u0435 \u0438\u043d\u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0432 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0438\u0441\u0438; \u0434\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0435\u0441\u043b\u0438 \u0438\u0445 \u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u043b\u0435 \u043d\u0430\u043b\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0438 \u0441\u043e\u0432\u043f\u0430\u0434\u0430\u044e\u0442.<\/li>\n<li>\u041f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0434\u0438\u0430\u043f\u0430\u0437\u043e\u043d\u044b (10.0.0.0\/8, 172.16.0.0\/12, 192.168.0.0\/16) \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u043d\u044b \u0438\u0437 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442\u0430; \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0443 \u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 NAT \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 \u043e\u0434\u0438\u043d \u043f\u0443\u0431\u043b\u0438\u0447\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441.<\/li>\n<li>\u041a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u043e\u0432\u0430\u044f \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043b\u0430 \u0441 1993 \u0433\u043e\u0434\u0430; \u0441\u043e\u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043e\u043f\u0438\u0441\u044b\u0432\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u0440\u0435\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0441\u043e\u043c.<\/li>\n<li>IPv6 (128 \u0431\u0438\u0442) \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043b\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0435\u0445\u0432\u0430\u0442\u043a\u0438 IPv4-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432 \u0438 \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043f\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0442\u0435\u0441\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0433\u043e, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044f \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043b\u043b\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2 id=\"s8\">\u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/h2>\n<p>\u0420\u0430\u0441\u0447\u0435\u0442 \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0439, \u043f\u043b\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430, \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u043a\u0430 NAT \u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0445\u043e\u0434 \u043d\u0430 IPv6 &#8212; \u043f\u043e\u0432\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0435\u0432\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0430 \u0438 \u0441\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0430\u0434\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u0430. \u041e\u0448\u0438\u0431\u043a\u0430 \u0432 \u043c\u0430\u0441\u043a\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0432\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442 \u043a \u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u00ab\u043d\u0435 \u0432\u0438\u0434\u044f\u0442\u00bb \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u0432\u044b\u0445\u043e\u0434\u044f\u0442 \u0432 \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u043d\u0435\u0442, \u043f\u043e\u044d\u0442\u043e\u043c\u0443 \u0443\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u043f\u043e\u0441\u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0433\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0446\u044b \u043f\u043e\u0434\u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u0446\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0441\u0435\u0434\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u044f\u0445.<\/p>\n<div class=\"oj-cta\" style=\"background:#fbf4e4;border-left:4px solid #c9962b;border-radius:8px;padding:16px 20px;margin:24px 0\">\n<p style=\"margin:0 0 8px\"><strong>\u041e\u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439\u0442\u0435 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0421\u0438\u0441\u0442\u0435\u043c\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u0438 \u0442\u0435\u043c\u044b \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u043a\u0443\u0440\u0441\u0435 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/lessons\/setevoy-inzhener\/?int_article=ip-i-adresaciya&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u0421\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u043d\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440<\/a>: \u043e\u0442 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0438 \u043c\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0440\u0443\u0442\u0438\u0437\u0430\u0446\u0438\u0438 \u0434\u043e \u0434\u0438\u0430\u0433\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438\u043a\u0438. \u041f\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0432\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0444\u043e\u0440\u043c\u0430\u0442 \u0438 \u0433\u043b\u0443\u0431\u0438\u043d\u0443 \u0437\u0430\u043d\u044f\u0442\u0438\u0439 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430 \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0445 <a href=\"https:\/\/otus.ru\/events\/?int_article=ip-i-adresaciya&amp;int_place=article&amp;int_variant=v1\">\u043e\u0442\u043a\u0440\u044b\u0442\u044b\u0445 \u0443\u0440\u043e\u043a\u0430\u0445 Otus<\/a> &#8212; \u0442\u0430\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0438\u0440\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u0440\u0435\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0435 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u044b\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0438 \u043e\u0442\u0432\u0435\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442 \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u043e\u043f\u0440\u043e\u0441\u044b.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<h2 id=\"s9\">FAQ<\/h2>\n<p><strong>\u041c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u043b\u0438 \u0443 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0431\u044b\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0430. \u0423 \u043a\u0430\u0436\u0434\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441, \u0430 \u043d\u0430 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u043e\u043c \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0435 \u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e \u043d\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u0432; \u043f\u043b\u044e\u0441 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u043e\u0431\u044b\u0447\u043d\u043e \u0438\u043c\u0435\u0435\u0442 \u0438 IPv4, \u0438 IPv6.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u0412 \u0447\u0435\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0438\u0446\u0430 \u043c\u0435\u0436\u0434\u0443 \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c \u0438 \u0434\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u043c IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u043e\u043c?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0421\u0442\u0430\u0442\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0432\u0440\u0443\u0447\u043d\u0443\u044e \u0438 \u043d\u0435 \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f. \u0414\u0438\u043d\u0430\u043c\u0438\u0447\u0435\u0441\u043a\u0438\u0439 \u0432\u044b\u0434\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0435\u0440 DHCP \u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u043c\u044f (\u0430\u0440\u0435\u043d\u0434\u0430), \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043f\u043e\u0434\u043a\u043b\u044e\u0447\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0438 \u043e\u043d \u043c\u043e\u0436\u0435\u0442 \u0441\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0442\u044c\u0441\u044f.<\/p>\n<p><strong>\u041f\u043e\u0447\u0435\u043c\u0443 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \/24 \u0434\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0443\u043f\u043d\u043e 254 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430, \u0430 \u043d\u0435 256?<\/strong><br \/>\n\u0414\u0432\u0430 \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430 \u0437\u0430\u0440\u0435\u0437\u0435\u0440\u0432\u0438\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0430\u043d\u044b: \u043c\u043b\u0430\u0434\u0448\u0438\u0439 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 \u0441\u0430\u043c\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0441\u0442\u0430\u0440\u0448\u0438\u0439 &#8212; \u0448\u0438\u0440\u043e\u043a\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0449\u0430\u0442\u0435\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439. \u041f\u043e\u0434 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u0448\u0438\u0435\u0441\u044f 254.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>IP-\u0430\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441 &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0439 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0435\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u0438\u043d\u0442\u0435\u0440\u0444\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0430 \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0430 \u0432 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438, \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0449\u0435\u0439 \u043f\u043e \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a\u043e\u043b\u0443 IP. \u041e\u043d \u0440\u0435\u0448\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0434\u0432\u0435 \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0447\u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0437\u0443: \u0433\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442, \u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0439 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 \u043d\u0430\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438), \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u043e\u0435 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u043d\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0443\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u043e \u0432\u043d\u0443\u0442\u0440\u0438 \u0441\u0435\u0442\u0438 (\u043d\u043e\u043c\u0435\u0440 \u0445\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430). \u0410\u0434\u0440\u0435\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f &#8212; \u044d\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430, \u043f\u043e \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u043c \u0442\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u0438\u0434\u0435\u043d\u0442\u0438\u0444\u0438\u043a\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b \u043d\u0430\u0437\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u0438 \u0434\u0435\u043b\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u0438. \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u0443\u043a\u0442\u0443\u0440\u0443 IPv4 \u0438 IPv6, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11,"featured_media":10347,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4],"tags":[209],"class_list":["post-10346","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","","category-polza","tag-computer-science"],"aioseo_notices":[],"aioseo_head":"\n\t\t<!-- All in One SEO 5.0.2.1 - aioseo.com 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