{"id":10316,"date":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-09-24T09:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/?p=10316"},"modified":"2026-09-25T15:24:45","modified_gmt":"2026-09-25T15:24:45","slug":"operatornaya-peregruzka-v-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/otus.ru\/journal\/operatornaya-peregruzka-v-c\/","title":{"rendered":"\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 C++: \u0441\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0438 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0432 C++<\/strong> — \u044d\u0442\u043e \u0432\u043e\u0437\u043c\u043e\u0436\u043d\u043e\u0441\u0442\u044c \u0437\u0430\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0441\u043c\u044b\u0441\u043b \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 (+<\/code>, ==<\/code>, <<<\/code>, []<\/code> \u0438 \u0434\u0440\u0443\u0433\u0438\u0445) \u0434\u043b\u044f \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0438\u043f\u043e\u0432: \u0432\u044b \u043f\u0438\u0448\u0435\u0442\u0435 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044e \u0441 \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c operator+<\/code>, \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 a + b<\/code> \u0441 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442\u0430\u043c\u0438 \u0432\u0430\u0448\u0435\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u044b\u0432\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0435\u0435. \u041d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0445 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432 \u0442\u0430\u043a \u043d\u0435 \u0441\u043e\u0437\u0434\u0430\u0442\u044c, \u0430 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043e\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435\u0442 \u0438 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0434\u043e\u0432 \u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0443 \u0432\u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u0435\u043d\u043d\u044b\u0445.<\/p>\n

\n

\u0421\u043e\u0434\u0435\u0440\u0436\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n
  2. \u0421\u0438\u043d\u0442\u0430\u043a\u0441\u0438\u0441: \u043a\u0430\u043a \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u0447\u0438\u0442\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u0432\u044b\u0440\u0430\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435<\/a><\/li>\n
  3. \u041c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/a><\/li>\n
  4. \u0427\u0442\u043e \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u0438 \u043a\u0430\u043a\u0438\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u0430 \u0434\u0435\u0439\u0441\u0442\u0432\u0443\u044e\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n
  5. \u0418\u043d\u043a\u0440\u0435\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0442, \u0438\u043d\u0434\u0435\u043a\u0441\u0430\u0446\u0438\u044f \u0438 \u0432\u044b\u0437\u043e\u0432 \u043a\u0430\u043a \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438<\/a><\/li>\n
  6. \u0421\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0432 C++20: operator<=><\/a><\/li>\n
  7. \u041a\u043e\u0433\u0434\u0430 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0432\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0438\u0442<\/a><\/li>\n
  8. \u0412\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434\u044b<\/a><\/li>\n
  9. \u0413\u0434\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442\u0441\u044f \/ \u0441\u0432\u044f\u0437\u044c \u0441 \u043f\u0440\u0430\u043a\u0442\u0438\u043a\u043e\u0439<\/a><\/li>\n
  10. FAQ<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n

    \u041d\u0438\u0436\u0435 — \u043f\u043e\u043b\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0440\u0430\u0431\u043e\u0447\u0438\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440, \u043f\u0440\u0430\u0432\u0438\u043b\u043e \u0432\u044b\u0431\u043e\u0440\u0430 \u00ab\u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434 \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0438\u043b\u0438 \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f\u00bb, \u0441\u043f\u0438\u0441\u043e\u043a \u0442\u043e\u0433\u043e, \u0447\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0436\u0430\u0442\u044c \u043d\u0435\u043b\u044c\u0437\u044f, \u0438 \u0441\u0440\u0430\u0432\u043d\u0435\u043d\u0438\u044f \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 operator<=><\/code> \u0438\u0437 C++20. \u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440\u044b \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0432\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043d\u044b \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043c Apple clang 21 \u0441 \u0444\u043b\u0430\u0433\u043e\u043c -std=c++20<\/code> 24.09.2026.<\/p>\n

    \u0422\u0440\u0438 \u0431\u043b\u0438\u0437\u043a\u0438\u0445 \u0442\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d\u0430, \u043a\u043e\u0442\u043e\u0440\u044b\u0435 \u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043e \u043f\u0443\u0442\u0430\u044e\u0442:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \u0422\u0435\u0440\u043c\u0438\u043d<\/th>\n\u0427\u0442\u043e \u044d\u0442\u043e<\/th>\n\u041f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n
    \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439<\/td>\n\u043d\u0435\u0441\u043a\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439 \u0441 \u043e\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043c \u0438\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0435\u043c \u0438 \u0440\u0430\u0437\u043d\u044b\u043c\u0438 \u043f\u0430\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0435\u0442\u0440\u0430\u043c\u0438<\/td>\nprint(int)<\/code> \u0438 print(double)<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0430 \u043e\u043f\u0435\u0440\u0430\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u0432<\/td>\n\u0447\u0430\u0441\u0442\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u0441\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0439 \u043f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0433\u0440\u0443\u0437\u043a\u0438 \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0439: \u0438\u043c\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u0438 — operator@<\/code><\/td>\noperator+(Vec2, Vec2)<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    \u041f\u0435\u0440\u0435\u043e\u043f\u0440\u0435\u0434\u0435\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 (override)<\/td>\n\u0437\u0430\u043c\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0432\u0438\u0440\u0442\u0443\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043c\u0435\u0442\u043e\u0434\u0430 \u0431\u0430\u0437\u043e\u0432\u043e\u0433\u043e \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430 \u0432 \u043d\u0430\u0441\u043b\u0435\u0434\u043d\u0438\u043a\u0435<\/td>\nvoid draw() override<\/code><\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    \u041c\u0438\u043d\u0438\u043c\u0430\u043b\u044c\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u043c\u0435\u0440: \u0432\u0435\u043a\u0442\u043e\u0440 \u043d\u0430 \u043f\u043b\u043e\u0441\u043a\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0438<\/h2>\n

    \u0421\u043d\u0430\u0447\u0430\u043b\u0430 \u0432\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043a\u043e\u0434 \u0446\u0435\u043b\u0438\u043a\u043e\u043c, \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043c \u0440\u0430\u0437\u0431\u043e\u0440. \u0421\u043e\u0445\u0440\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0442\u0435 \u043a\u0430\u043a vec.cpp<\/code>, \u0441\u043e\u0431\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0442\u0435 g++ -std=c++20 vec.cpp<\/code> \u0438\u043b\u0438 clang++ -std=c++20 vec.cpp<\/code> \u0438 \u0437\u0430\u043f\u0443\u0441\u0442\u0438\u0442\u0435.<\/p>\n

    #include<\/span> <\/span><iostream><\/span>\n\nstruct<\/span> <\/span>Vec2<\/span> {<\/span>\n    <\/span>double<\/span> <\/span>x<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>, <\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>0<\/span>;<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>\/\/ \u0441\u043e\u0441\u0442\u0430\u0432\u043d\u043e\u0435 \u043f\u0440\u0438\u0441\u0432\u0430\u0438\u0432\u0430\u043d\u0438\u0435 - \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d \u043a\u043b\u0430\u0441\u0441\u0430, \u043c\u0435\u043d\u044f\u0435\u0442 *this<\/span>\n    <\/span>Vec2<\/span>&<\/span> <\/span>operator<\/span>+=<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>Vec2<\/span>&<\/span> <\/span>rhs<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>x<\/span> <\/span>+=<\/span> <\/span>rhs<\/span>.<\/span>x<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>+=<\/span> <\/span>rhs<\/span>.<\/span>y<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span>this<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>\/\/ \u0443\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 \u043c\u0438\u043d\u0443\u0441 - \u0447\u043b\u0435\u043d, \u0432\u043e\u0437\u0432\u0440\u0430\u0449\u0430\u0435\u0442 \u043d\u043e\u0432\u044b\u0439 \u043e\u0431\u044a\u0435\u043a\u0442<\/span>\n    <\/span>Vec2<\/span> <\/span>operator<\/span>-<\/span>() <\/span>const<\/span> { <\/span>return<\/span> {<\/span>-<\/span>x<\/span>, <\/span>-<\/span>y<\/span>}; }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>\/\/ \u0431\u0438\u043d\u0430\u0440\u043d\u044b\u0439 + \u0447\u0435\u0440\u0435\u0437 += : \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f (hidden friend)<\/span>\n    <\/span>friend<\/span> <\/span>Vec2<\/span> <\/span>operator<\/span>+<\/span>(<\/span>Vec2<\/span> <\/span>lhs<\/span>, <\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>Vec2<\/span>&<\/span> <\/span>rhs<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>lhs<\/span> <\/span>+=<\/span> <\/span>rhs<\/span>;<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>lhs<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>\/\/ \u0443\u043c\u043d\u043e\u0436\u0435\u043d\u0438\u0435 \u043d\u0430 \u0447\u0438\u0441\u043b\u043e \u0432 \u043e\u0431\u0435 \u0441\u0442\u043e\u0440\u043e\u043d\u044b<\/span>\n    <\/span>friend<\/span> <\/span>Vec2<\/span> <\/span>operator<\/span>*<\/span>(<\/span>Vec2<\/span> <\/span>v<\/span>, <\/span>double<\/span> <\/span>k<\/span>) { <\/span>return<\/span> {<\/span>v<\/span>.<\/span>x<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span> <\/span>k<\/span>, <\/span>v<\/span>.<\/span>y<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span> <\/span>k<\/span>}; }<\/span>\n    <\/span>friend<\/span> <\/span>Vec2<\/span> <\/span>operator<\/span>*<\/span>(<\/span>double<\/span> <\/span>k<\/span>, <\/span>Vec2<\/span> <\/span>v<\/span>) { <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>v<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span> <\/span>k<\/span>; }<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>\/\/ C++20: == \u043f\u043e \u0432\u0441\u0435\u043c \u043f\u043e\u043b\u044f\u043c \u0433\u0435\u043d\u0435\u0440\u0438\u0440\u0443\u0435\u0442 \u043a\u043e\u043c\u043f\u0438\u043b\u044f\u0442\u043e\u0440, != \u043f\u043e\u043b\u0443\u0447\u0430\u0435\u043c \u0431\u0435\u0441\u043f\u043b\u0430\u0442\u043d\u043e<\/span>\n    <\/span>bool<\/span> <\/span>operator<\/span>==<\/span>(<\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>Vec2<\/span>&<\/span>) <\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>default<\/span>;<\/span>\n\n    <\/span>\/\/ \u0432\u044b\u0432\u043e\u0434 \u0432 \u043f\u043e\u0442\u043e\u043a - \u0442\u043e\u043b\u044c\u043a\u043e \u0441\u0432\u043e\u0431\u043e\u0434\u043d\u0430\u044f \u0444\u0443\u043d\u043a\u0446\u0438\u044f<\/span>\n    <\/span>friend<\/span> <\/span>std<\/span>::<\/span>ostream<\/span>&<\/span> <\/span>operator<\/span><<<\/span>(<\/span>std<\/span>::<\/span>ostream<\/span>&<\/span> <\/span>os<\/span>, <\/span>const<\/span> <\/span>Vec2<\/span>&<\/span> <\/span>v<\/span>) {<\/span>\n        <\/span>return<\/span> <\/span>os<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>'('<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>v<\/span>.<\/span>x<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>\", \"<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>v<\/span>.<\/span>y<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>')'<\/span>;<\/span>\n    }<\/span>\n};<\/span>\n\nint<\/span> <\/span>main<\/span>() {<\/span>\n    <\/span>Vec2<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>{<\/span>1<\/span>, <\/span>2<\/span>}, <\/span>b<\/span>{<\/span>3<\/span>, <\/span>4<\/span>};<\/span>\n    <\/span>Vec2<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span> <\/span>=<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>+<\/span> <\/span>b<\/span>;<\/span>\n    <\/span>std<\/span>::<\/span>cout<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>'\\n'<\/span>;          <\/span>\/\/ (4, 6)<\/span>\n    <\/span>std<\/span>::<\/span>cout<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>2<\/span> <\/span>*<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>'\\n'<\/span>;      <\/span>\/\/ (2, 4)<\/span>\n    <\/span>std<\/span>::<\/span>cout<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>-<\/span>b<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>'\\n'<\/span>;         <\/span>\/\/ (-3, -4)<\/span>\n    <\/span>c<\/span> <\/span>+=<\/span> <\/span>a<\/span>;<\/span>\n    <\/span>std<\/span>::<\/span>cout<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>c<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>'\\n'<\/span>;          <\/span>\/\/ (5, 8)<\/span>\n    <\/span>std<\/span>::<\/span>cout<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>std<\/span>::<\/span>boolalpha<\/span> <\/span><<<\/span> (<\/span>a<\/span> <\/span>!=<\/span> <\/span>b<\/span>) <\/span><<<\/span> <\/span>'\\n'<\/span>; <\/span>\/\/ true<\/span>\n}<\/span><\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0412 \u043a\u043e\u043d\u0441\u043e\u043b\u0438 \u043f\u043e\u044f\u0432\u044f\u0442\u0441\u044f \u043f\u044f\u0442\u044c \u0441\u0442\u0440\u043e\u043a:<\/p>\n
    (4, 6)\n(2, 4)\n(-3, -4)\n(5, 8)\ntrue\n<\/code><\/pre>\n
    \u0427\u0442\u043e \u0437\u0434\u0435\u0441\u044c \u043f\u0440\u043e\u0438\u0441\u0445\u043e\u0434\u0438\u0442:<\/p>\n